| 单词 | 读音 |
| 释义 | 〔morphophonemics〕(used with a pl. verb)The changes in pronunciation undergone by allomorphs of morphemes as they are modified by neighboring sounds, as the plural allomorphs incat-s, dog-s, box-es, or as they are modified for grammatical reasons in the course of inflection or derivation, as house versus to house and housing. （与复数动词连用）语态音位学：读音变化，由词素邻近的词音修饰带来的词素变体而产生，比如cat-s,dog-s,box-es 中的复数变体，或者当它们由于语法原因中的词尾变化或派生而受到限制，如 house 不同于 to house 和 housing 〔tumbleset〕The Lower Southern wordtumbleset for somersault combines tumble with -set, which at first glanceseems not to have any relationship to-sault in somersault. However,-set is an old l -less variant of -sault (from Latin saltus, "a leap") that has been an alternative pronunciation throughout the word's history;hence, the variantsomerset. Somer- is an alteration of Old French sobre-, from Latin supra, "over.” In the wordtumbleset, as in a folk etymology, somer-, part of a compound word that no longer bears any meaning for the speakers, has been replaced bytumble, a word that makes more sense in the context. 替代somersault 一词的下南部词 tumbleset 是 tumble 和 -set 的组合。 乍一看，后缀-set好象与somersaut 中的 -sault 毫无联系。 然而，-set 却是不带 l 的 -sault （来自拉丁语 saltus ，“跳跃”，）的古老变体， 并一直是该词的替代读音；于是便有了somerset 这一变体。 somer- 是来自拉丁语 supra （“越过”）的古法语 sobre- 的变体。 就象在通俗语源学中一样，在tumbleset 一词中， somer- 作为不再为讲话者表达任何意义的复合词的一部分， 已经被一个在上下之中有更多意义的词tumble 所替代 〔former〕It is not difficult to find examples of violations of this rule in the works of reputable writers.But the fact thatformer and latter are plainly comparatives will make many readers uneasy when the words are used in enumerations of more than two things, much as would the analagous incorrect use of a comparative in a sentencesuch asHer boys are 7, 9, and 13; only the younger was born in California. 不难发现有名望的作家的作品里有违背此规则的例子。但是事实是former 和 latter 仅仅是相对的，当列举两个以上的词时，许多读音就不容易弄清了， 许多时候在比较时有可能出现下句里的不正确用法：如她的儿子分别是七岁、九岁和十三岁；只有最小的儿子出生在加利福尼 〔s〕Any of the speech sounds represented by the letters. S的读音：字母S 所表示的读音 〔homograph〕One of two or more words that have the same spelling but differ in origin, meaning, and sometimes pronunciation.同形异义词：两个或以上单词拼法相同，但在起源、意义和有时读音上不同〔err〕The pronunciation (ûr) for the worderr is traditional, but the pronunciation (ĕr) has gained ground in recent years, perhaps owing to influence fromerrant and error, and must now be regarded as an acceptable variant.The Usage Panel was split on the matter:56 percent preferred (ûr),34 percent preferred (ĕr),and 10 percent accepted both pronunciations.err 的一种读音（ur）是较传统的， 近年来， 也许由于errant 和 error 两个词的影响，另一种发音(er)普及起来， err一词现在一定也被认为是errant和error的变异体用法。用法使用小组在该词发音上也有分歧：56％的人赞成(ur)，34％的人更喜欢(er)，剩下10％的人对两种发音都接受〔orthography〕A method of representing the sounds of language or a language by letters and diacritics; spelling.表音法：用书写符号或印刷符号表现某一语言的读音的方法〔fey〕The history of the wordsfey and fay illustrates a rather fey coincidence. Our wordfay, "fairy, elf,” the descendant of Middle Englishfaie, "a person or place possessed of magical properties,” and first recorded around 1390,goes back to Old Frenchfae, "fairy,” the same word that has given usfairy. Fae in turn comes from Vulgar LatinFāta, "the goddess of fate,” from Latin fātum, "fate.” Iffay goes back to fate, so doesfey in a manner of speaking, for its Old English ancestorfǣge meant "fated to die.” The sense we are more familiar with, "magical or fairylike in quality,”seems to have arisen partly because of the resemblance in sound betweenfay and fey. fey 和 fay 两词的历史展示了一个十分奇特的巧合。 我们现在所使用的词fay, “神仙，小精灵，” 是中古英语faie, “具有魔力的人或地方”的派生词， 它首次记载于约1390年左右，回溯到古法语fae “神仙”， 这一词产生了我们现在的fairy。 Fae 依次产生于俗拉丁语Fata, “命运女神，”和拉丁语 fatum， “命运。” 如果fay 回到命运的意思， 可以说fey 也是如此， 因为其古英语原形f?ge 的意思即为“注定死亡。” 我们现在更熟悉的意思“性质上具有魔力的或似神仙的”，似乎部分是由于fay 和 fey 在读音上的相似而产生的 〔agin〕The spelling ofagin reflects both the raised vowel before a nasal consonant, typical of Southern dialects, and a reduced final consonant cluster, typical of several regional varieties.Agin has a wide spectrum of senses in the regional speech of those who pronounce it this way. Indeed, these regional senses are tied to the pronunciation,for standard Englishagainst does not quite capture the full implication of the assertion "I'm agin him" — that is, "opposed to him and all that he stands for.”Another regional sense recalls the original literal Old English sense of "facing; next to" (see the first four senses ofagainst in the Oxford English Dictionary), where standard English would haveby: Their house is agin the mountain.Agin may be used figuratively with regard to time chiefly in South Midland dialects,meaning "by or before (a specified time)”: "I'll be there agin daylight" (North Carolina informant in DARE).词汇agin 的拼写既反映了典型的南部方言──鼻辅音前的元音的提高， 又反映了压缩的后辅音群──几种典型的地方变体的特征。Agin 在它被如此发音的地方方言有广泛的意思。 确实，这些地域意义是和读音联系在一起的，因为标准英语中against 没有完全表达 "I'm agin him" 所隐含的意义── 即“反对他及他所代表的一切。”另外一个地域意义使人想起古英语中最初的文学用语“面对；紧靠着”（参阅《牛津英语词典》中against 的前四个释义）， 而在标准英语中应该用by： 傍山而建的房屋。Agin 主要在中南部方言中可以比喻地用来表示时间，意思是“到或在…（特定时间）前”： “天亮前我可到达” （美国区域英语词典的北卡罗来纳提供资料者） |
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