| 单词 | 谈论 |
| 释义 | 〔talk〕talked about the pros and cons of the issue.谈论这一议题中的正反两方〔call〕To speak to or about another in offensive terms.骂人：用冒犯性的词语对他人说话或谈论他人〔talk〕To express one's thoughts or emotions by means of spoken language:谈论：通过口语来表达自己的思想或情感：〔pourparler〕parler [to talk] * see parley parler [谈论] * 参见 parley〔discuss〕To speak with others about; talk over.讨论，谈论：与他人谈论；说服〔rent〕When young people talk about theirrents, that is, their parents, they are using a slang term that is of interest to language historians, if not necessarily thrilling for parents themselves. The term is a prime example of one of the fundamental characteristics of slang, which continually creates novel ways of expressing what are often rather ordinary things (if parents may be considered ordinary things). Slang has recently produced two expressions for "parents" that have gained wide currency— rents and parental units. Both expressions demonstrate slang's use of unusual or creative linguistic means to achieve novelty of expression. While there are many slang terms, such as bod for body or rad for radical, that result from the clipping of unstressed syllables, rents is a clipping that drops a stressed syllable, much like the similar term za, "pizza.” The desire to coin new ways of referring to things also leads speakers of slang to use circumlocutions like knuckle sandwich for "punch.” Parental units falls into this category. It plays on the jargon of bureaucrats and social science, in which the world is viewed as so much data waiting to be quantified. The appearance of terms such as rents and parental units also shows that all available styles and levels of language can be grist for slang's mill—so long as the material is perceived as irreverent, funny, or just plain cool. 年轻人谈论他们的rents （即父母）时，即使肯定不会令他们的父母感到兴奋，他们却使用了一个令语言历史学家很感兴趣的俚语。Rents是俚语一个基本特色的典范，这一基本特色就是不断创造新颖词汇来表示通常极为普通的事物（如果父母会被认为是普通事物的话）。最近俚语中产生了两个"父（母）亲"的词语并被普遍使用── rents 和 parental units 。这两个词语表明俚语用不同寻常的或创造性的语言工具来获取表达上的新颖。虽然因省略非重读音节产生了许多俚语词汇，如用 bod 指body、用 rad 指radical，但 rents 却是省略重读音节后的部分，非常类似相近词汇 za "pizza（比萨饼）"。期望创造指代事物的新词也使得满口俚语的人运用赘语，如用 knuckle sandwich 指"punch（用拳击）"。 Parental units 也属于赘语的范围。它用作官僚主义者的行话以及科学术语，因为对于官僚主义者和科学工作者来讲世界就是等待量化的大量数据。诸如 rents 和 parental units 这些俚语的出现也表明语言现有的全部风格和水平都是俚语的有益补充──只要认为内容是不敬的、有趣的或者纯粹扮酷的 〔parliament〕from parler [to talk] * see parley 源自 parler [谈话，谈论] * 参见 parley〔staple〕a staple topic of conversation.谈论的主要话题〔negotiation〕The act or process of negotiating:谈判：谈论的行为或过程：〔blabbermouth〕One who talks indiscreetly or incessantly.未经考虑或不谨慎的谈论者〔blaspheme〕To speak of (God or a sacred entity) in an irreverent, impious manner.亵渎：以一种不敬、不虔诚的态度来谈论（上帝或其他神灵）〔rave〕To speak with wild enthusiasm:热情洋溢地谈论：〔backbite〕To speak spitefully or slanderously about a person.诽谤：恶意地或诋毁地谈论一个人〔chatter〕To talk rapidly, incessantly, and on trivial subjects; jabber.不停地谈：急快地、不停地谈论琐事；急促含糊地说〔subject〕 Matter refers to the material that is the object of thought or discourse: Matter 指的是思考或谈论对象之内容组成： 〔discourse〕To engage in conversation or discussion; converse.谈论，谈话：进行谈话或谈论；交谈〔talk〕To speak indirectly about something:间接地谈论某事：〔spiel〕To talk or say (something) at length or extravagantly.冗长或夸张地谈论或讲（某事）〔talk〕talk music; talk business.谈论音乐；谈论商业〔yawp〕Loud or coarse talk or utterance:粗声叫喊：高声或粗鲁地谈论或说话：〔shrug〕shrugged off the defeat and talked about tonight's game.对失败不屑一顾而谈论今晚的比赛〔rely〕"I don't think I could trust myself to speak to him about it" (Booth Tarkington). “我认为我不能对他谈论这件事” （布施·塔金顿）。 〔sound〕To express one's views vigorously:高声谈论：有力地抒发自己的见解：〔blithe〕spoke with blithe ignorance of the true situation.See Synonyms at jolly 轻率无知地谈论真实的情况 参见 jolly〔aware〕"I am sensible that the mention of such a circumstance may appear trifling" (Henry Hallam). “我觉得对这种细节的谈论是无聊的” （亨利·哈勒姆）。〔reason〕To talk or argue logically and persuasively.辩论：逻辑严密且很有说服力地谈论或辩论〔data〕But whiledata comes from a Latin plural form, the practice of treatingdata as a plural in English often does not correspond to its meaning, given an understanding of what counts as data in modern research.We know, for example, what "data on the homeless" would consist of—surveys, case histories, statistical analyses, and so forth—but it would be a vain exercise to try to sort all of these out into sets of individual facts,each of them a "datum" on the homeless. (Does a case history count as a single datum,or as a collection of them?Is a correlation between rates of homelessness and unemployment itself a datum, or is it an abstraction over a number of data?)Since scientists and researchers think of data as a singular mass entity like information,it is entirely natural that they should have come to talk about it as such and that others should defer to their practice.Sixty percent of the Usage Panel accepts the use ofdata with a singular verb and pronoun in the sentenceOnce the data is in, we can begin to analyze it. A still larger number, 77 percent, accepts the sentence 但是当data 来源于一拉丁复数形式， 在英语中把data 当作复数来对待的运用常常和它的意义不相符合， 给了我们在现代研究中算作数据事物的一种理解。例如，我们知道，“无家可归人的资料”将由调查、个人历史，数据分析等等构成——但是试着把这些都分类到一套个人事实将会是一次无用的尝试，他们中的每一个都为无家可归人的资料。 （个人历史是算作一个简单的资料，还是作为其中的一个收集?无家可归人的比率和失业之间的联系是一个资料，还是一系列资料中的一个提取？）既然科学家和研究工作者认为资料和信息一样是一个单一的团体，他们就应该这样地来谈论它并且其他的人应当服丛他们的说法，这是完全自然的，百分之六十的用法专题使用小组成员接受把data 和单数动词和代词连用， 如在句子一旦资料来了，我们就能开始分析了 中， 更大的比例，即百分之七十七的成员接受了句子 〔philosophize〕To set forth or express a moralistic, often superficial philosophy.肤浅地谈论哲学，爱卖弄大道理：提议或表达从事因循守旧的道德观，常是肤浅的哲学〔sight〕Without seeing the object in question:没有看见被谈论的物体：〔omerta〕A rule or code that prohibits speaking or divulging information about certain activities, especially the activities of a criminal organization.缄默，保密禁规：禁止谈论或透露某些活动尤其是犯罪组织活动的信息的规则或规范〔word〕To be unable to describe or talk about.无法描述或谈论〔subject〕"They would talk of nothing but high life . . . with other fashionable topics, such as pictures, taste, Shakespeare" (Oliver Goldsmith).他们谈论的只是高层生活…以及其它时髦的话题，如绘画、审美和莎士比亚 （奥立弗·高德史密斯）。〔shop〕To talk about one's work.谈论自己的工作〔talk〕To speak of or discuss (something):谈论或讨论（某件事物）：〔inclination〕"I shall indulge the inclination so natural in old men, to be talking of themselves"(Benjamin Franklin)See Synonyms at tendency “我将沉迷于老年人一种自然倾向，那就是不停地谈论自己”(本杰明·富兰克林) 参见 tendency〔rave〕He raved about the new play.他热情洋溢地谈论新上演的戏剧〔taboo〕Among the many discoveries of Capt. James Cook was a linguistic one, the termtaboo. Cook used this word in his journal of 1777while he was in the Friendly Islands (now Tonga).Hence, even though similar words occur in other Polynesian languages,the formtaboo from Tongan tabu is the form we have borrowed. The Tongans usedtabu as an adjective; they spoke of persons or things that weretabu, that is, "under prohibition, forbidden, or set apart. ”Cook, besides borrowing the word into English,also made it into a noun referring to the prohibition itselfand a verb meaning "to make someone or something taboo.”From its origins in Polynesian society the wordtaboo has spread throughout the English-speaking world and has been applied in ways that never occurred to the people from whom Cook originally borrowed it.詹姆士·库克船长的许多发现中有一个是语言上的，即taboo 这个词。 库克在他1777年的航海日志中使用了这个词，当时他在弗兰德里群岛（现在的汤加）。因此，虽然相似的词也曾出现在其它的波利尼亚语言中，但是从汤加语的tabu 发展而来的 taboo 这一形式就成了我们所借用的形式。 汤加人将tabu 用作一个形容词； 他们谈论某人或某事是tabu 的， 即意味着它们是“处于禁令下的、被禁止的或和别人分开对待的”。库克除了把这个词借用到英语中，还把它变成了一名词，表示禁止，也把它用作一个动词，意为“使其人或某事成为禁忌”。起源于波利尼西亚社会的taboo 这一词已在说英语的世界中被广为使用， 而它的一些用法是库克当年向其借用该词的人们所从未想到的〔pan〕"But Dr. Brett cautioned that what sounds exciting from the Moon does not always pan out in the laboratory"(London Daily Telegraph, December 14, 1972). If Dr. Brett had been talking about hunting for gold on the moon,there would be a solid connection between his use of the expressionpan out and its original use in gold mining. Pan out, like the verb pan itself, comes from the noun pan in the sense "a shallow circular metal vessel used in washing gold from gravel.”The expressionpan out was used in a variety of senses, including "to wash gold-bearing earth in a pan"; "to obtain gold by washing ore in a miner's pan";and with reference to a mine or mineral-bearing soil, "to produce gold or minerals.”From such literal usagespan out was transferred to other situations. In Frederick Whymper'sTravel and Adventure in the Territory of Alaska, published in 1868, we are told that “‘It panned out well’ means that ‘it gave good returns.’”All these uses occurred first in American English,making the expression a true Americanism.“可是布莱特博士告诫说来自月球的听起来令人激动的消息并不总会在实验室获得成功”(伦敦每日电讯报 1972年12月14日）。 如果布莱特博士谈论的是关于在月球上寻找金子，那么，在他表达panout 这个用法和这个短语在金矿开采方面的原始用法就会有一种固定的联系。 Pan out 象动词 pan 本身一样来源于名词 pan ， 意思是“一个浅而且圆的金属器皿，用来从矿砂中淘洗金子”。pan out 的表达用在各种意思中， 包括“在淘金盘中淘洗含金的泥土”，“在矿工的淘金盘里淘洗矿砂得到金子”，并且与矿井或含矿土壤有关，“产金子或矿物”。在这样的文学用法中，pan out 被借用于其它情况。 在弗雷德里克·怀姆坡1868年出版的在阿拉斯加旅游历险 中， 我们得知"It panned at well"意思是“得到好的回报”。所有这些用法都首先出现在美国英语中，表达了一种真正的美国主义〔discussion〕Consideration of a subject by a group; an earnest conversation.讨论；谈论：由一群人来谈论一个主题；认真的谈话〔discuss〕These verbs mean to talk with others in an effort to reach agreement, to ascertain truth, or to convince.这些动词都表示与他人谈论以达成协议，确认真相或说服别人。 |
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