| 单词 | 贬意 |
| 释义 | 〔fat〕 Fat implies excessive weight and is generally unfavorable in its connotations: Fat 指过多的重量，通常为贬意： 〔trivial〕Trivial Pursuit is an etymologically sound name, because roads and traveling, which might involve pursuit, are involved in the origin of the wordtrivial. The history oftrivial begins with the Latin word trivium, formed from the prefixtri-, "consisting of three of the things named,” and via, "road.” Trivium meant "the meeting place of three roads, especially as a place of public resort.” Hence it also had a pejorative sense,which we express by the phrasethe gutter, as in "His manners were formed in the gutter.”The adjectivetriviālis, derived from trivium, meant "appropriate to the street corner, commonplace, vulgar.” Trivial entered Middle English in senses that need not detain us here,first being recorded in a sense identical to that oftriviālis in 1589. Shortly after thattrivial is recorded in the sense most familiar to us, "of little importance or significance.”Trivial Pursuit 从词源学的角度来看是合理的词， 因为可能涉及到追求的道路和旅行都与trivial 这个词的来源有关。 trivial 的历史从拉丁词 trivium 开始， 由前缀tri- 意思是“由三个给定的东西组成的”和 via “道路”构成。 Trivium 的意思是“三条路交汇的地方，尤指公众常去的地方”。 自此它又有了一层带贬意的意思，我们用短语贫民区里的 来表示这层意思， 如在句子”他的礼仪是在贫民区学成的”。从trivium 派生出来的形容词 trvialis 意思为“用于街道角落的，平凡的，粗俗的”。 Trvial 进入了中古英语， 当时的意思不会使我们停止不前。最早的记录是在1589年，意思与trivialis 相同。 不久以后，trivial 的意思变得与我们更接近了， 即“琐碎的，不重要的或无价值的”〔surly〕The fact that the wordsurly means "churlish" nicely indicates its fall in status. Churlish derives from the word churl, which in its Old English form ceorl meant "a man without rank, a member of the lowest rank of freemen,” as well as "peasant" in general. In Old Englishceorl may have been a term of contempt; it certainly became one in Middle English,wherecherl meant "base fellow, boor,” with churlish descending in meaning accordingly. Surly, on the other hand, started its life at the top of the scale but fell just as far. Looking at instances of this word in Middle English and Early Modern English,we see thatsurly was only one spelling for this word, another spelling beingsirly, which makes it clear that it came from the word sir, the term of honor for a knight or for a person of rank or importance in general. Thussirly, the form under which the early spellings of the word are entered in the Oxford English Dictionary, first meant "lordly.” Surly, entered as a separate word in the OED and first recorded in 1566, meant perhaps "lordly, majestic,” in its earliest use,subsequently being used in the sense "masterful, imperious, arrogant.” As the gloss "arrogant" makes clear, the wordsirly could have a negative sense, and it is this area of meaning that is responsible for the current "churlish" sense of the word.surly 意为“粗野的”事实生动地说明了这个词的地位下降。 Churlish 是 churl 的派生词，其古英文形式 ceorl 的意思是“没有爵位的男人，或者是自由民中最低等级的男人”，大概象“农民”一样。 古英语中ceorl 可能含有贬意； 中古英语中肯定是贬意，其cherl 的意思是“卑贱的人，粗野的人”，相应地 churlish 的意思也下降了。 另一方面，Surly 开始是个高尚的字，后来地位同样下降。 从中古英语和早期现代英语中的实例，我们可以看到，surly 的拼法只有一个， 另一个是sirly ，它清楚地表明这个字来自 sir （给于骑士或有等级或有身份的人的尊称）。 因此，sirly 这个字的最初形式记载在 牛津英语词典 中，开始的意思为（有威严的，高傲的）。 Surly 作为另一个字最初于1566年记录在 OED 中， 最初的意思是“老爷的、尊贵的”，以后的意思为“老爷般的、命令式的、傲慢的”。“傲慢”这个字条清楚地说明sirly 可能有过否定的意思， 也正是在这层意义上，它和目前“粗野的”意义有关 |
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