| 单词 | 贵族 |
| 释义 | 〔Wodehouse〕British writer known for his humorous novels and stories that feature the aristocrat Bertie Wooster and his butler Jeeves.伍德霍斯，佩（勒姆）·格（伦维尔）：(1881-1975) 美国作家，以反映贵族贝帝伍斯特和他的男管家吉夫斯的幽默故事的小说而著名〔magnifico〕A nobleman of the Venetian Republic.威尼斯共和国的贵族〔maharajah〕A king or prince in India ranking above a rajah, especially the sovereign of one of the former native states.王公：地位在邦主之上的印度国王或贵族，尤指从前某一土著王国的君主〔peeress〕A woman who holds a title by association, as the wife or widow of a peer.贵族夫人或遗孀：贵族的妻子或守寡贵妇等因联姻而获贵族头衔的女人〔jarl〕A great medieval Scandinavian chieftain or nobleman.王公贵族：中古时代斯堪的纳维亚地区的领袖或贵族〔count〕Used as a title for such a nobleman.伯爵称号：用来做这种贵族的头衔〔aristocrat〕from aristocratie [aristocracy] 源自 aristocratie [贵族] 〔tennis〕Surprisingly, the origin of the wordtennis is not precisely known, even though much is known about the history of this sport. The word in the formtenetz is first recorded in a work written around 1400. The game referred to is what is now calledcourt tennis, or real tennis, which is played on a large indoor court with a specially marked-out floorand high cement walls off which the ball may be played.It seems likely that the Middle English formtenetz is from tenetz, an Anglo-Norman variant of the Old French word tenez, the imperative oftenir, "to hold,” and meaning "receive,” said by the server to his opponent.As this evidence indicates, tennis originated in medieval France,but the French called the game, then as now,la paume. Bytennis we do not mean what tenetz or la paume meant but rather lawn tennis, a term first recorded around 1874, shortly after an early form of lawn tennis, descended from court tennis, was introduced. Unlike court tennis, which is traditionally associated with the rich and the royal, tennis is open to players from a wide spectrum of society,although it certainly is not unconnected with the rich and the royal.令人惊讶的是，尽管人们对这项运动的历史知之甚多，但tennis 一词的起源却不被人所详细了解。 在约1400年，此词以tenetz 的形式第一次出现在书面上。 其所指的运动就是现在所谓的court tennis 或 real tennis ， 这是一种在有标记的地板的室内场地上进行的运动，场地四周有很高的泥灰墙。而中古英语的tenetz 有可能是从 tenetz 这个古法语中的盎格鲁-诺曼变体 tenez 得来的。 而该古法语词又是tenir 一词的祈使式， 意为“抓住，握住”，而发球人对其对手说时意义为“接住”。这一例子似乎说明网球运动起源于中世纪的法国，但是在法语中，这项运动从古至今一直被称为la paume 。 我们用tennis 这一词其实指代的不是 tenetz 或者 la paume 指代的事物，而是 lawn tennis 这一在1874年前后第一次被记录的词语所指代的事物，此时由庭院网球演变而来的草地网球的一种早期形式正在被介绍开来。 不象传统上与富人和贵族联系紧密的庭院网球，网球运动适合社会各阶层的人，当然这并不是说这一运动就与富人和贵族没有联系〔Junker〕A member of the Prussian landed aristocracy, a class formerly associated with political reaction and militarism.容克：普鲁士贵族地主中的成员，先前与政治上的极端保守主义和军国主义联系在一起的阶级〔Prussian〕Suggestive of or resembling the Junkers and the military class of Prussia.普鲁士式的：使人想起普鲁士容克贵族或军队阶层的或与之相似的〔birth〕Noble or high status:贵族地位或高贵地位：〔wardrobe〕The department in charge of wearing apparel, jewelry, and accessories in a royal or noble household.保管部：王室或贵族官邸中保藏衣服、珠宝或附属部的部门〔angary〕Late Latin angaria [service to a lord] 后期拉丁语 angaria [给贵族服役] 〔archduke〕In certain royal families, especially that of imperial Austria, a nobleman having a rank equivalent to that of a sovereign prince.大公：在某些皇族尤指奥地利帝国中，具有与有主权的王子相等地位的贵族〔earl〕Used as a title for such a nobleman.伯爵头衔：为这种贵族所封的头衔〔grandee〕Used as the title for such a nobleman.大公头衔：用作此类贵族的头衔〔signore〕from Medieval Latin senior [lord] 源自 中世纪拉丁语 senior [贵族] 〔snob〕Snobs look down at their inferiors,but at one timesnobs looked up at their betters.The wordsnob, the ultimate origins of which are uncertain, is first found in 1781in the sense "shoemaker, cobbler,”a regional and informal usage.The word is recorded around 1796in a slang usage particular to Cambridge University, "a townsman as opposed to a gownsman.”Both senses may have fed into the sense first found in 1831, "a member of the ordinary or lower classes.”Along with this sense went another (1838), "a person without proper breeding or taste.”From these two senses arose the sense first recorded in 1848, "a person who looks up to his or her social betters and tries to copy or associate with them.”We can see how this sense could blend into the other familiar sense,"one who looks down on those considered inferior" (1911).势利小人们都瞧不起不如他们的人，但有一段时间，势利小人只是羡慕地位比他们高的人。Snob 这个词最远的起源还不清楚， 它第一次出现于1781年，意为“鞋匠，补鞋人”，这只是一种方言和非正式用法。1796年左右的记录显示，这个词有一个专用于剑桥大学的俚语意思，“与贵族相对应的普通市民”。这两个意思都进入了它第一次出现于1831年的“普通或低下阶层中的一员”这个意思。这个意思与另一个意思平行(1838年）：“没有良好教养和品味的人”。从这两个意思发展来了“羡慕地位高于他（她）的人并尽量与之进行联系的人”这个意思，第一次记录于1848年。然后，我们就能发现怎样又从这个意思中派生出了其它我们熟悉的意思，即“瞧不起被认为地位比自己低者的人”(1911年）〔Dom〕Used formerly as a title for men of Portuguese and Brazilian royalty, aristocracy, and hierarchy, preceding the given name.老爷：用在教名前，旧时表示对葡萄牙和巴西皇室、贵族、宗教集团人物的尊称〔fool〕A member of a royal or noble household who provided entertainment, as with jokes or antics; a jester.弄臣，宫廷小丑：一些皇室或贵族家庭成员，他们提供娱乐如讲笑话或表演滑稽动作；小丑〔chancellor〕A secretary to a monarch or noble.国王的秘书，贵族的秘书〔court〕The place of residence of a sovereign or dignitary; a royal mansion or palace.王宫，宫廷：国王或贵族居住的地方；皇家宅第或宫殿〔aristocrat〕A person having the tastes, manners, or other characteristics of the aristocracy:有贵族气质的人：一个有贵族品味，举止或其它特征的人：〔sovereignty〕Royal rank, authority, or power.贵族的等级、权威或权力〔baron〕A nobleman of continental Europe, ranked differently in various countries.男爵：欧洲大陆的贵族，等级因国家而不同〔dauphin〕from Old French [title of the lords of Dauphiné] 源自 古法语 [多芬贵族的称号] 〔peerage〕The rank, title, or jurisdiction of a peer or peeress; a duchy, marquisate, county, viscountcy, or barony.贵族：贵族或女贵族的爵位、头衔或权限；公爵、侯爵、伯爵、子爵或男爵〔noble〕Possessing hereditary rank in a political system or social class derived from a feudalistic stage of a country's development.贵族的：在政治体系或社会阶级中拥有继承地位的，来源于一个国家发展的封建阶段〔homager〕A vassal who paid homage to a feudal lord.封建诸侯：对封建制度下的贵族表达尊敬的诸侯〔Sadducee〕A member of a priestly, aristocratic Jewish sect founded in the second centuryb.c. that accepted only the written Mosaic law and that ceased to exist after the destruction of the Temple in 70 a.d. 撒都该人：犹太教一个神职贵族派别的成员，被发现于公元前 2世纪，只服从摩西律法。 公元 70年耶路撒冷古神殿被毁后这个派别也灭亡 〔landgrave〕Used as the title for such a nobleman.领主爵：这样的贵族所拥有的头衔〔burden〕"The burden of what he said was to defend enthusiastically the conservative aristocracy"(J.A. Froude)See Synonyms at substance “他所说的主题是热衷地保护守旧的贵族”(J.A.弗劳德) 参见 substance〔Darnley〕Scottish nobleman and second husband (1565-1567) of Mary Queen of Scots. He plotted to kill David Rizzio, Mary's secretary, in 1566 and was himself murdered the following year, possibly at the urging of Mary's lover, the Earl of Bothwell.达恩利：苏格兰贵族和苏格兰女王玛丽的第二个丈夫(1565-1567年），他于1566年密谋杀害了大卫·利齐欧，玛丽的秘书，第二年自己也被暗杀了，可能是在玛丽的情人博恩韦尔伯爵的操纵下被杀的〔noblesse〕The members of the nobility, especially the French nobility.贵族：贵族的成员，尤指法国贵族的成员〔great〕Grand; aristocratic.高贵的；贵族的〔marquis〕A nobleman ranking below a duke and above an earl or a count.侯爵：位于公爵之下，子爵或男爵之上的贵族地位〔democratic〕"a proper democratic scorn for bloated dukes and lords"(George du Maurier)“真正的民主对发胖的贵族和地主嗤之以鼻”(乔治·杜·莫里耶)〔gentlefolk〕Persons of good family and relatively high station.贵族：上流或门第高贵的人士〔peerage〕A book listing peers, peeresses, and their families.贵族名册：列有男贵族、女贵族及其世系的贵族姓名录〔patrician〕A member of one of the noble families of the ancient Roman Republic, which before the third centuryb.c. had exclusive rights to the Senate and the magistracies. （古罗马）贵族：古代罗马共和国的贵族家庭的成员，在公元前 3世纪前，在元老院和执政官方面拥有特殊权利 |
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