| 单词 | 起作用 |
| 释义 | 〔cofactor〕A substance, such as a metallic iron or coenzyme, that must be associated with an enzyme for the enzyme to function.辅助因素：必须与酶联合以使酶起作用的一种物质，例如金属铁或辅酶〔carnitine〕A betaine commonly occurring in the liver and in skeletal muscle that functions in fatty acid transport across mitochondrial membranes.肉（毒）碱：一种甜菜碱，通常出现在肝和骨骼肌里，在脂肪酸穿过线粒体膜的运输过程中起作用〔base〕 Ground may denote an actual working surface,as in art(a white design on a blue ground) ; more often it is used figuratively in the sense of a justifiable reason: Ground 表示一种实际的起作用的表面，如在艺术中（蓝底上的白色图案） ； 经常更多地用作比喻，表示合理的原因、正当的依据或理由： 〔quick〕Moving or functioning rapidly and energetically; speedy.快的、迅速的：快速且有力地移动或起作用的；迅速的〔operant〕Operating to produce effects; effective.运转中的：操作运行着的，起作用的〔medium〕A surrounding environment in which something functions and thrives.环境：某物起作用或成长所需之外部环境〔bethanechol〕A cholinergic drug, C7H 17CLN 2O 2, that acts principally by stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system and is used in the form of its chloride to treat abdominal distention and urinary retention. 氨基甲酰甲基胆碱：一种胆碱能药，C7H 17CLN 2O 2，主要通过剌激交感神经系统起作用，以其氯化物形式用于治疗胀肚和尿潴留 〔take〕To have the intended effect; operate or work:具有预期的效果；起作用或有效：〔lymphokine〕Any of various substances released by T cells that have been activated by antigens. They function in the immune response through a variety of actions, including stimulating the production of nonsensitized lymphocytes and activating macrophages.淋巴因子：任一种由T细胞释放出的被抗原激活的各种物质，他们通过多种行为对免疫反应起作用，包括刺激不灵敏淋巴细胞的生成和激活巨噬细胞〔sheer〕Considered or operating apart from anything else:绝对的：完全的、纯粹的、被单独考虑或独自起作用的：〔defunct〕fungī [to perform] fungī [起作用] 〔vehicle〕A substance of no therapeutic value used to convey an active medicine for administration.赋形药，赋形剂：一种无疗效的物质，用以传送某种起作用的药的施用〔curative〕Serving or tending to cure.有疗效的：治疗起作用的或有疗效的〔inoperative〕Not working or functioning.无效的，无用的：不能工作的或起作用的〔working〕Operating or functioning as required:可运作的，可用的：按要求运行或起作用的：〔operant〕One that operates.起作用的人或物〔osteoplastic〕Relating to or functioning in bone formation.生骨的：与生骨有关的或在生骨时起作用的〔serotonin〕An organic compound, C10H 12N 2O, formed from tryptophan and found in animal and human tissue, especially the brain, blood serum, and gastric mucous membranes, and active in vasoconstriction, stimulation of the smooth muscles, transmission of impulses between nerve cells, and regulation of cyclic body processes. 5-羟色胺：一种来源于色胺酸，尤见于脑、血清和胃粘膜等动物和人体组织的有机物，C10H 12N 2O，在血管收缩、刺激平滑肌、神经细胞间冲动传导以及周期性体内过程调节中起作用 〔instrumentality〕The state or quality of being instrumental.助益：起作用的状态或性质〔curfew〕The time at which such a restriction begins or is in effect:宵禁时间：这一限制开始或起作用的时间：〔help〕Assist usually implies making a secondary contribution or acting as a subordinate: Assist 通常表示的是起第二位作用或者以属下的身份起作用： 〔on〕Used to indicate the agent or agency of a specified action:行为的原因或动力：用于表示对某一特定行为起作用或对某一行为有帮助的东西：〔take〕The transfusion apparently took.输血显然起作用了〔edit〕The wordedit is often cited as an example of back-formation. In other words, edit is not the source ofeditor, asdive is of diver, the expected derivational pattern;rather, the reverse is the case. Edit in the sense "to prepare for publication,” first recorded in 1793,comes fromeditor, first recorded in 1712 in the sense "one who edits.”There is more to the story, however. Edit also partly comes from the French wordéditer, "to publish, edit,” first recorded in 1784.In the case ofedit, two processes, borrowing and back-formation, have thus occurred either independently or together,perhaps one person takingedit from French originally, another fromeditor, and yet a third from both.单词edit 常用来作为逆构词的一个范例， 换句话说， edit 并不是editor 的语源， 就象dive 不是 diver 的语源， 这是我们臆想中的派生模式；当然，这种逆构词只是一种范例而已。 Edit 作为“准备出版物”的意义最早记录于1793年，这是从editor 来的， 它在1712年就以“编辑者”的意义首次记录。但这里还有更多的故事。 Edit 的一部分来源于法语词éditer ，即“出版、编辑”， 它最早记录于1784年。在edit 这个词中含有两种造词过程，外借和逆构， 可能是分开进行也可能是同时起作用，或许一个人从原法语词中借用了edit 这个字， 而另一人则从editor 中造出新字， 第三个人却从两个词源中得到这个字〔multistage〕Functioning in more than one stage:多级的：在多层级上起作用的：〔ramada〕One of the words Spanish contributed to the English of the American Southwest isramada, a term for an open porch. Ramada can also mean an openwork trellis constructed over a walkwayonto which climbing plants are trained;this sense illustrates the derivation of the word from Spanishrama, meaning "branch"— henceramada, "arbor, mass of branches.” The suffix-ada in Spanish denotes "a place characterized by (something).” Ramada might have remained a relatively obscure regional wordwere it not for its adoption in the name of a national chain of motels.对美国西南部英语起作用的一个西班牙单词是ramada ， 它的意思是开敞的门廊。 Ramada 的另一个意思是修建于人行道上方的一种露天棚架，上面培植有攀援植物；这个意思显示了本词源于西班牙语中的rama ，意思是“枝杈”—— 因此ramada 有“藤架和一片枝杈”的含义。 后缀-ada 在西班牙语中指“具有（某物）特征的地方”。 Ramada 这个词后来被用到了一家全国性汽车连锁旅馆的名字里，否则它可能总是一个不起眼的地方性词汇〔work〕To function or operate in the desired or required way:如常运转：按要求的或想要的方式起作用或运转：〔multidirectional〕Operating or functioning in more than one direction:多方向：不止在一个方向起作用的或操作的：〔scotophil〕Growing or functioning best in darkness:适暗的：在黑暗中更好的生长或起作用的：〔haptoglobin〕A plasma protein that is a normal constituent of blood serum and functions in the binding of free hemoglobin in the bloodstream.结合珠蛋白：一种血液血清的正常组成部分并在血流中对自由血红蛋白的粘合起作用的血浆蛋白〔cooperate〕To work or act together toward a common end or purpose.合作：为共同的目标或目的而合作或共同起作用〔on〕Engaged in a given function or activity, such as a vocal or dramatic role:从事某项活动的：起作用的或参于某项活动，如演唱或戏剧中的角色：〔captopril〕A drug used in the treatment of hypertension that functions by inhibiting the enzymes that activate angiotensin.卡普多普瑞尔：一种用于治疗高血压的药物，该药通过抑制激活高血压素的酶起作用〔supergene〕A group of closely linked genes occupying a large chromosomal segment and frequently functioning as a genetic unit.超基因：占据一具较大的染色体片断，并且经常以单个基因单位起作用的一组紧密连接的基因〔functionality〕The quality of being functional.功能性：起作用、运转的特性〔work〕To function; operate:起作用；操作：〔photophilic〕Growing or functioning best in strong light.嗜光的，适光的：在强光下生长或起作用的最好的〔practical〕Capable of being used or put into effect; useful:实用的，有实用价值的：可用的或起作用的；有用的：〔lifetime〕The period of time during which property, an object, a process, or a phenomenon exists or functions.存在期，有效期：某种性质、物体、过程或现象存在或起作用的一段时间〔lysosome〕A membrane-bound organelle in the cytoplasm of most cells containing various hydrolytic enzymes that function in intracellular digestion.溶酶体：一种被膜包住的小器官，存在于大多数细胞的细胞质中，内含多种水解酶，在细胞内消化中起作用 |
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