| 单词 | 趣味 |
| 释义 | 〔chagrin〕The ultimate etymology of the wordchagrin, which comes directly to us from French, is considered uncertain by many etymologists. At one timechagrin was thought to be the same word as shagreen, "a leather or skin with a rough surface,” derived from French chagrin. The reasoning wasthat in French the word for this rough material, which was used to smooth and polish things,was extended to the notion of troubles that fret and annoy a person.It was later decided, however,that the sense "rough leather" and the sense "sorrow" each belonged to a different French wordchagrin. Other etymologists have offered an alternative explanation,suggesting that the French wordchagrin, "sorrow,” is a loan translation of the German word Katzenjammer, "a morning-after-the-night-before feeling.” A loan translation is a type of borrowing from another languagein which the elements of a foreign word,as inKatzen, "cats,” and Jammer, "distress, seediness,” are assumed to be translated literally by corresponding elements in another language,in this case,chat, "cat,” and grigner, "to grimace.” The actual etymology is less colorful,with the word probably going back to a Germanic word,.gramī, meaning "sorrow, trouble.”Chagrin is first recorded in English in 1656 in the now obsolete sense "anxiety, melancholy.”我们从法语直接借用的词chagrin 的最终词源被许多词源学家认为是不能确定的。 Charin 曾经被认为和由法语词 chagrin 派生出来的 shagreen “有粗糙表面的皮革或皮肤”是同一个词。 理由是，这种粗糙材料是用来打磨和抛光物品用的，法语里的这个词被引申到有了使人懊恼和烦恼的意思。但后来才确定，“粗糙的皮革”的含义和“沮丧”的含义分属于一个不同的法语词chagrin 。 别的词源学家提出了另外一种解释，说法语词chagrin “沮丧”是借译于日耳曼语词 Katzenjammer “醉后的难受感”。 借译是借用另一种语言，即外语词的成分，如Katzen “猫”，和 Jammer “沮丧，不舒服”， 并照那种语言的对应成分直译过来，在这种情况下为chat “猫”和 grigner “做怪相”。 实际的语源没有这么富于趣味，这个词极可能要追溯到日耳曼语词grami ， 意思为“愁苦，麻烦”。Chagrin 第一次出现在英语里有记载的时间是在1656年， 当时的含义“焦虑，忧郁”现已过时不用〔middlebrow〕One who is somewhat cultured; one who is neither highbrow nor lowbrow.教育程度中等的人；中产阶级趣味的人：受过某种程度教育的人；既非上层又非下层的人〔season〕seasoned the lecture with jokes.用笑话增添演讲的趣味〔interest〕Something, such as a quality, a subject, or an activity, that evokes this mental state:趣味：令人感觉兴趣的性质、事物或活动：〔gaffe〕"The excursion had in his eyes been a monstrous gaffe, a breach of sensibility and good taste"(Mary McCarthy)“那次谈话中的离题在他看来太出丑了，简直就是失去理智后的胡言乱语，毫无高尚趣味可言”(玛丽·麦卡锡)〔artifact〕An object produced or shaped by human craft, especially a tool, a weapon, or an ornament of archaeological or historical interest.人工制品：人工生产或仿制的物品，尤指工具，武器，或带有考古或历史趣味的装饰品〔spice〕Something that adds zest or flavor.趣味：增加风趣或味道的东西〔season〕To add zest, piquancy, or interest to:给…增添趣味：增添活力、趣味或兴趣：〔camp〕Banality, vulgarity, or artificiality when deliberately affected or when appreciated for its humor:做作所显出的趣味：指故意做作或在欣赏其幽默时的平庸、粗俗或做作：〔gusto〕Individual taste.口味：个人的趣味 |
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