| 单词 | 路易 |
| 释义 | 〔Cherubini〕Italian composer whose 29 operas, includingLes Deux Journées (1800), helped form the transition in music from classicism to romanticism. 路吉，（玛丽亚）路易戈·卡洛·芝诺比欧·萨尔瓦托：(1760-1842) 意大利作曲家，作有包括《二日》 （1800年）在内的29部歌剧，为音乐从古典主义过渡浪漫主义作出了贡献 〔dudgeon〕"Slamming the door in Meg's face, Aunt March drove off in high dudgeon"(Louisa May Alcott)“玛奇阿姨当着麦格的面呼地关上门，十分生气地开车走了”(路易萨·梅·奥尔科特)〔tetrazzini〕After Luisa Tetrazzini (1871-1940), Italian operatic soprano 源自路易萨 苔托基尼 （1871-1940年），意大利歌剧女高音歌手 〔Alcott〕American writer and reformer best known for her largely autobiographical novelLittle Women (1868-1869). 奥尔科特，路易萨·梅：(1832-1888) 美国作家及改革家，以其大部分为自传性质的小说《小妇人》 （1868-1869年）而闻名 〔poise〕after Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille (1799-1869), French physician and physiologist 源自让·路易·玛利 泊瑟依勒 (1799-1869年），法国内科医师和生理学家 〔Blackwell〕American social reformer. The first formally appointed (1852) woman pastor in America, she advocated abolition, temperance, and women's rights.布莱克威尔，安托瓦妮特·路易萨·布朗：(1825-1921) 美国社会改革家。第一位被正式任命（1852年）的女性牧师，她倡导废除黑奴制度、禁酒和妇女权利〔appreciate〕"the nonchalance prized by teen-agers" (Elaine Louie). “青少年们所引以为傲的冷酷” （依莲·路易）。〔meaningless〕"It is the function of speech to free men from the bondage of irrational fears" (Louis D. Brandeis).“是言论的作用使人们从无理性的恐惧中解脱出来” （路易D.布兰代斯）。〔Cavell〕British nurse who remained in Brussels after the German occupation (1915) to help smuggle Allied troops to the Dutch border. She was caught by the Germans and executed.凯文，埃迪斯·路易萨：(1865-1915) 在德国占领（1915年）后留在布鲁塞尔的英国护士，帮助盟军潜逃至荷兰边境。后被德国人俘虏并处决〔dimercaprol〕A colorless, oily, viscous liquid, C3H 8OS 2, used as an antidote for poisoning caused by lewisite, organic arsenic compounds, and heavy metals including mercury and gold. Also called British anti-lewisite 二巯基丙醇：一种无色油状的，有粘性的液体，C3H 8OS 22，用作由于路易化毒气、有机砷化合物以及重金属（包括汞和金）中毒症的解毒药 也作 British anti-lewisite〔Joliette〕A city of southern Quebec, Canada, north of Montreal. It was founded in 1841 by descendants of the explorer Louis Jolliet. Population, 16,987.若列特：加拿大魁北克省南部城市，位于蒙特利尔以北。由探险家路易·若利埃的后代始建于1841年。人口16,987〔Malle〕French film director whose works includeMurmur of the Heart (1971) and Au Revoir les Enfants (1987). 马卢，路易：法国电影导演，作品包括《心灵低语》 （1971年）和 《再见，孩子们》 （1987年） 〔guillotine〕"At half past 12 the guillotine severed her head from her body.”So reads the statementcontaining the first recorded use ofguillotine in English, found in theAnnual Register of 1793. The word occurs in a context clearly illustrating the function of theguillotine, "a machine with a heavy blade that falls freely between upright guides to behead a condemned person.” Ironically, the guillotine, which became the most notable symbol of the excesses of the French Revolution,was named for a humanitarian physician, Joseph Ignace Guillotin.Guillotin, a member of the French Constituent Assembly,recommended in a speech to that body on October 10, 1789,that executions be performed by a beheading device rather than by hanging, the method used for commoners, or by the sword, reserved for the nobility.He argued that beheading by machine was quicker and less painful than the work of the rope and the sword.In 1791 the Assembly did indeed adopt beheading by machine as the state's preferred method of execution.A beheading device designed by Dr. Antoine Louis, secretary of the College of Surgeons, was first used on April 25, 1792, to execute a highwayman named Pelletier or Peletier.The device was called alouisette or louison after its inventor's name,but because of Guillotin's famous speech,his name became irrevocably associated with the machine. After Guillotin's death in 1814,his children tried unsuccessfully to get the device's name changed.When their efforts failed,they were allowed to change their name instead.“十二点半，断头台斩落了他的头颅。”这句话如此写道。这是英语文章中第一次使用guillotine 这个词， 它出现在1793年的年度文摘 中。 该文中，该词清楚地体现了guillotine 的功用——“利用垂直向下砍落的重斧斩落犯人头颅的机器。” 令人啼笑皆非的是，这一成为法国大革命中恐怖暴行最显著标志的断头台，竟是因一个人文主义医生，约瑟夫·英格纳斯·吉约坦命名的。吉约坦是法国国民代表大会的成员，在1789年10月的一次发言中向大会提出，在处决犯人时以一种砍头的机器来代替处决普通犯人时所用的绞刑或是处决贵族时使用的宝剑。他认为用机器砍头比用绳子或宝剑快而且痛苦小。1791年，国民大会确实将用机器砍头定为国家处决犯人的方法。由外科医生院秘书长安东尼·路易医生设计的砍头装置在1792年4月25日处决拦路强盗佩尔蒂或佩尔捷时第一次使用。这个装置被称为路易塞特 或 路易森 ， 因由其发明者而得名。但是由于吉约坦那次著名的发言，他的名字不可避免地与这种机器联系在一起。1814年吉约坦死后，他的子孙试图为这种机器换个名字,但没有成功。当他们的努力失败后，他们得到允许，改换了自己的名字 |
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