| 单词 | 路易斯安那州 |
| 释义 | 〔bateau〕A small, light, flat-bottomed rowboat used chiefly in Louisiana.轻舟：一种小而轻的平底舟，主要在路易斯安那州使用〔Slidell〕A city of southeast Louisiana northeast of New Orleans. It is primarily residential. Population, 24,124.斯莱德尔：美国路易斯安那州东南一城市，位于新奥尔良市东北。是主要的住宅区。人口24,124〔Creole〕A person descended from or culturally related to the original French settlers of the southern United States, especially Louisiana.土生法国人：美国南部尤其是路易斯安那州的早期法国殖民者的后裔或与其文化有联系的人〔Longview〕A city of northeast Texas west of Shreveport, Louisiana. The city produces varied manufactures. Population, 70,311.朗维尤：美国得克萨斯州东北部一城市，位于路易斯安那州什里夫波特市西部。该市有多种制造业。人口70,311〔Houma〕A city of southeast Louisiana on the Intracoastal Waterway southwest of New Orleans. It is a processing center for seafood and sugar. Population, 30,495.霍玛：美国路易斯安那州东南部城市，临海湾沿岸航道，位于新奥尔良西南。为海鲜及糖业加工中心。人口30,495〔Scotlandville〕An unincorporated community of southeast Louisiana, a residential suburb of Baton Rouge. Population, 15,113.苏格兰村庄：美国路易斯安那州东南部的一个没加盟的社区，是巴吞鲁日的住宅郊区。人口15,113〔Calcasieu〕A river rising in west-central Louisiana and flowing about 322 km (200 mi) east, southeast, then southwest to the Gulf of Mexico. Near its outlet it passes throughLake Calcasieu. 加尔卡修河：源于美国路易斯安那州中西部的一条河流，流程322公里（200英里），向东、东南、后向西南流至墨西哥湾。在其出口处流进加尔卡修湖 〔Iberville〕Canadian-born French explorer who established settlements in what is now southern Louisiana.伊贝维尔，皮尔·黎·莫因：(1661-1706) 加拿大裔法国探险者，他建立了今天路易斯安那州南部的新殖民地〔Sulphur〕A city of southwest Louisiana west of Lake Charles. It is a trade center in an oil and natural gas region. Population, 20,125.萨尔弗：美国路易斯安那州西南一城市，位于查尔斯湖以西。是石油和天然气地区的贸易中心。人口20,125〔Lafayette〕A city of south-central Louisiana west-southwest of Baton Rouge. Settled by Acadians, it is a commercial and shipping center. Population, 94,440.拉斐特：美国路易斯安那州中南部一城市，位于巴吞鲁日西南偏西。由卡迪亚人所建，是一个商业和造船业中心。人口94,440〔Bastrop〕A city of northeast Louisiana north-northeast of Monroe. It is an industrial center adjacent to a natural-gas field discovered in 1916. Population, 15,527.巴斯特罗普：美国路易斯安那州东北部一城市，位于门罗市东北偏北，与1916年发现的一大片天然气产区相连，是一座工业中心。人口15,527〔muffuletta〕The New Orleansmuffuletta is one of the only large American sandwiches not made with a long crusty roll. Instead, it is made by filling a round loaf of Italian bread with layers of hard salami, ham, provolone, and olive salad.The shape of the bread and the presence of the olive salad distinguishes the muffuletta from thesubmarine sandwich. Marian Burros of theNew York Times traces the creation of the muffuletta to Salvatore Lupa's Central Grocery in New Orleans in 1910. The sandwich was a favorite lunch for Louisiana farmers on their trips into town.新奥尔良马夫那他 是唯一一种不是长硬皮面包卷做成的大型美国三明治。 而是在圆形意大利面包中塞有意大利硬香肠、火腿、干酪和橄榄油沙拉。面包的形状和橄榄油沙拉使得马夫三明治那他区别于潜水艇三明治 。 纽约时报 的马里娅·布诺斯发现马夫那他三明治，源于1910年新奥尔良的沙尔维多·路柏中心食品杂货店。 这种三明治是路易斯安那州的农夫进城时最爱吃的午饭〔Kenner〕A city of southeast Louisiana, an industrial suburb of New Orleans on the Mississippi River. Population, 66,382.肯纳：美国路易斯安那州东南部城市，是位于密西西比河上新奥尔良市的工业近郊。人口66,382〔Atchafalaya〕A river of south-central Louisiana flowing about 362 km (225 mi) intoAtchafalaya Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico. 阿查法拉亚河：美国路易斯安那州中南部一河流，流程约362公里（225英里），注入阿查法拉亚湾， 墨西哥湾的一个入口 〔Minden〕A city of northwest Louisiana east-northeast of Shreveport. It is a shipping center in a lumber and natural gas area. Population, 15,074.明登：路易斯安那州西北一城市，位于什里夫波特东北偏东。为此林区及天然气产区的造船中心。人口15,074〔Bienville〕French colonial administrator who as governor of Louisiana founded New Orleans (1718).比安维尔，简·巴蒂斯特·勒莫安·德：(1680-1768) 法国殖民地行政长官，为路易斯安那州总督，并于1718年建立新奥尔良市〔Hammond〕A city of southeast Louisiana east of Baton Rouge. It is the seat of Southeastern Louisiana University (founded 1925). Population, 15,871.哈蒙德：美国路易斯安那州东南部的一个城市，巴顿鲁日市之东。它是东南路易斯安那大学（始建于1925年）所在地。人口15,871〔Groves〕A city of southeast Texas east of Port Arthur near the Louisiana border. It is mainly residential. Population, 16,513.格罗夫斯：美国得克萨斯州东南一城市，位于阿瑟港以东，在路易斯安那州界附近。主要为住宅区。人口16,513〔Chopin〕American writer whose works, such asThe Awakening (1899), portray Creole life in Louisiana. 肖邦，凯特·奥弗莱厄蒂：(1851-1904) 美国作家，其作品如《觉醒》 （1899年）等描述了路易斯安那州克里奥尔人的生活 〔Wyoming〕Abbr. WY,Wyo.A state of the western United States. It was admitted as the 44th state in 1890. Acquired by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase (1803), Wyoming became a ranching center after the Union Pacific Railroad was established (1868). Cheyenne is the capital and the largest city. Population, 455,975.缩写 WY,Wyo.怀俄明州：美国西部的一个州。1890年被特许成为美国的第44个州，1803年向法国购买路易斯安那州时作为其一部分购得，在太平洋联合铁路建成(1868年）时，怀俄明州成为大农场中心。夏延为首府和最大城市。人口455,975〔Marrero〕A community of southeast Louisiana, a suburb of New Orleans on the Mississippi River. Population, 36,548.马雷罗：美国路易斯安那州东南部一社区，位于密西西比河岸的新奥尔良市郊区。人口36,548〔lagniappe〕Lagniappe derives from New World Spanish la ñapa, "the gift,” and perhaps ultimately from Quechua yapay, "to give more.” The word came into the rich Creole dialect mixture of New Orleans and there acquired a French spelling. It is still used chiefly in southern Louisiana to denote a little bonus that a friendly shopkeeper might add to a purchase. By extension, it may mean "an extra or unexpected gift or benefit.” Lagniappe 源于新大陆西班牙语中的 la~napa （“礼物”），而且也许最终来自盖丘亚语中的 yapay （“给得更多”）。这个词进入了新奥尔良富有的克里奥耳人的对话用语并因此具有了法语的拼法。直至今日它还是主要用于路易斯安那州的南部，用来形容那些友好的店主们可能会在你所购物之外给予额外的东西。根据它的延伸意，该词可以指“额外的或意料不到的礼物或收益。” 〔Law〕Scottish financier active in France, where he engaged in highly profitable speculation on the development of Louisiana. The investment scheme ultimately collapsed, and he fled the country in ruin (1720).劳，约翰：(1671-1729) 活跃于法国的苏格兰财政金融家，他在开发路易斯安那州时进行过高利润投机。但投资计划最终失败，破产后他便逃离法国（1720年）〔Laplace〕A village of southeast Louisiana on the Mississippi River west-northwest of New Orleans. It is a trade center in a truck farm and sugar cane area. Population, 16,112.拉普拉斯：美国路易斯安那州东南部的一个城镇，位于密西西比河上新奥尔良西北部偏西。是蔬菜农场和甘蔗产区的贸易中心。人口16,112〔Shreveport〕A city of northwest Louisiana on the Red River near the Texas border. Founded in the 1830's, it grew rapidly after the discovery of oil in the region (1906). Population, 198,525.什里夫波特：美国路易斯安那州西北部的一个城市，位于得克萨斯边境附近的红河河畔。建立于19世纪30年代，1906年这里发现石油后该城迅速发展起来。人口198,525〔boudin〕A highly seasoned link sausage of pork, pork liver, and rice that is a typical element of Louisiana Creole cuisine.猪血香肠：一种加有猪肉、猪肝和米饭的味道浓重的成串香肠，是路易斯安那州克利奥尔人烹调方法中的一种典型菜式〔Banks〕American politician and general who was governor of Massachusetts (1858-1861) and led the capture of Port Hudson, Louisiana (1863), during the Civil War.班克斯，内森尼尔·普伦蒂斯：(1816-1894) 美国政治家和将军，1858-1861年任马萨诸塞州州长，并于1863年在美国内战中领导了夺取路易斯安那州的哈得孙港的战斗〔perique〕A strongly flavored black tobacco grown in Louisiana and used in various blends.波瑞克烟草：一种气味浓郁的深色烟草，长在美国路易斯安那州，用在多个合成词中〔parish〕An administrative subdivision in Louisiana that corresponds to a county in other U.S. states.堂区：美国路易斯安那州的一个相当于美国其它州的县的划区〔Gretna〕A city of southeast Louisiana on the Mississippi River opposite New Orleans. It is a manufacturing center. Population, 17,208.格雷特纳：美国路易斯安那州东南的城市，隔密西西比河与纽奥尔良相望。为制造业中心。 人口17,208〔Caddo〕A Native American confederacy composed of numerous small tribes formerly inhabiting the Red River area of Louisiana, Arkansas, and eastern Texas and now located in central Oklahoma.喀多族：美国土著人联盟，由数个以前定居在路易斯安那州、阿肯色州和东得克萨斯州的红河地区的小部落组成，现居住俄克拉荷马州中部地区〔Long〕American politician. As governor of Louisiana (1928-1932) and U.S. senator (1930-1935) he established dictatorial control over the state.朗，休伊·皮尔斯：(1893-1935) 美国政治家。曾任路易斯安那州州长（1928-1932年）和国会参议员（1930-1935年），在该州建立了独裁专制〔Monroe〕A city of northeast-central Louisiana east of Shreveport. Founded in 1785, it is an industrial center. Population, 54,909.门罗：美国路易斯安那州中部偏东北的一个城市，位于什里夫波特以东。建于1785年，是一个工业中心。人口54,909〔copacetic〕We know very little about the origin of the wordcopacetic, meaning "excellent, first-rate.” Is its origin to be found in Italian, in the speech of southern Black people, in the Creole French dialect of Louisiana, or in Hebrew?John O'Hara, who used the word inAppointment in Samarra, later wrote thatcopacetic was "a Harlem and gangster corruption of an Italian word.” O'Hara went on to say, "I don't know how to spell the Italian,but it's something like copacetti.” His uncertainty about how to spell the Italian is paralleled by uncertainty about how to spellcopacetic itself. Copacetic has been recorded with the spellings copasetic, copasetty, copesetic, copisettic, and kopasettee. The spelling is now more or less fixed, however, ascopacetic or copasetic, even though the origin of the word has not been determined.The Harlem connection mentioned by O'Hara would seem more likely than the Italian,sincecopacetic was used by Black jazz musicians and is said to have been Southern slang in the late 19th century. Ifcopacetic is Creole French in origin, it would also have a Southern homeland.According to this explanation,copacetic came from the Creole French word coupersètique, which meant "able to be coped with,” "able to cope with anything and everything,” "in good form,”and also "having a healthy appetite or passion for life or love.”Those who support the Hebrew or Yiddish origin ofcopacetic do not necessarily deny the Southern connections of the word. One explanation has it that Jewish storekeepers used the Hebrew phrasekol bĕṣedeq, "all with justice,”when asked if things were O.K. Black children who were in the store as customers or employees heard this phrase ascopacetic. No explanation of the origin ofcopacetic, including the ones discussed here, has won the approval of scholars, as is clearly shown by the etymology ofcopacetic in the first volume of the Dictionary of American Regional English, published in 1985: "Etym unknown.” 我们对copacetic 这个词的词源所知甚少，其意为“极好的、一流的”。 它是起源于意大利语、南方黑人口语、路易斯安那州的克里奥耳人的法语方言还是希伯来语？约翰·奥哈拉在撒马拉的约会 中用到这个词， 他后来写到copacetic 是“变成哈莱姆黑人居住区和强盗土语的意大利词”。 奥哈拉还说，“我不知道原来的意大利词是如何拼写的，但是有点象copacetti"。与他不敢肯定如何拼写这个意大利词一样，他对copacetic 一词本身的拼法也不敢肯定。 Copacetic 曾经被拼写成 copasetic, copasetty, copesetic, copisettic 以及 kopasettee。 现在它的拼法多少已经固定成copacetic 或 copasetic， 尽管这个词的词源仍未被确定。奥哈拉所提及的它与哈莱姆黑人居住区的关系看上去比它和意大利语的关系更有可能，因为黑人爵士歌手曾用过copacetic 这个词，并且据说在19世纪晚期它曾是南方的俚语。 如果copacetic 在词源上是克里奥耳人的法语， 那么它也是从南方来的。根据这一解释，copacetic 来自克里奥耳人法语中 coupersetique 一词， 表示“有能力与人竞争的”、“有能力处理任何事情及一切事情的”、“以好的方式的”，还表示“对生活或爱情有正常的欲望或激情的”。那些认为copacetic 来自希伯来语或意第绪语的人并不一定否认这个词与南方的关系。 一种解释认为，犹太店主们在被询问是否一切都好时用了希伯来语中的短语kol bĕṣedeq 即“一切太平”之意， 在店里作工或买东西的黑人儿童将这个短语听成了copacetic。 在关于copacetic 词源的解释中，包括以上讨论的这些，没有一种得到学者们的认可， 这一点我们可以在美国方言英语辞典 （1985年出版）第一册关于 copacetic 一词的词源解释中清楚地看到：“词源不知” 〔Ruston〕A city of northern Louisiana west of Monroe. It was settled in 1884 as a railroad town. Population, 20,027.拉斯顿：美国路易斯安那州北部一城市，位于门罗市西部。1884年作为铁路城市开始有移民。人口20,027〔gallery〕In Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and southern Alabama,an open roofed porch that runs along at least one side of a house is called agallery: "Out on the small front gallery she had hung Bobinôt's Sunday clothes to air" (Kate Chopin).Craig M. Carver, the author ofAmerican Regional Dialects, points out that the word gallery, from Old French galerie, was borrowed into British English in the 15th century and was brought over to the American colonies by English-speaking settlers.Although the word in the sense "porch" did not survive in the American English of the East Coast,it was borrowed separately, probably from Acadian French,into the English of 18th-century Louisianaand there survived as part of the Gulf Southern dialect.在得克萨斯州、阿肯色州、路易斯安那州、密西西比和南部阿拉巴马，至少在房屋的一侧延伸出来的一种敞开屋顶的门廊被称作gallery： “出了前面的小门廊，她把博比内的最好的衣服晾在那里” （凯特·肖邦）。美国区域方言 的作者克雷格·M·卡弗尔指出 gallery 来源于古代法语 galerie ， 在15世纪借入英语并由讲英语的殖民者带入美国殖民地。虽然该词当作“门廊”的意义没有在东海岸的美式英语中保存下来，但是它很有可能被分开借自阿卡迪亚的法语，并在18世纪进入路易斯安那英语，并在那里保存下来而成为南部港口方言的一部分〔Crowley〕A city of southern Louisiana west of Lafayette. It is the trade and shipping center of a rice-growing region. Population, 16,036.克劳利：美国路易斯安那州南部的一个城市，位于拉斐特市以西。它是一个稻米生长区的商业和运输中心。人口16,036〔Cajun〕A member of a group of people in southern Louisiana descended from French colonists exiled from Acadia in the 18th century.阿卡迪亚人：美国路易斯安那州南部的几个民族之一，是18世纪从阿卡迪亚放逐的法国殖民者的后裔〔gumbo〕Gumbo A patois spoken by some Black people and Creoles in Louisiana and the French West Indies. Gumbo 冈波语：美国路易斯安那州和法属西印度群岛的部分黑人和克里奥尔人所说的方言〔Jefferson〕An unincorporated community of southeastern Louisiana on the Mississippi River west of New Orleans. Population, 15,550.杰斐逊：美国路易斯安那州东南部的一个非自治社区，位于密西西比河河畔，新奥尔良以西。人口15,550 |
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