| 单词 | 身为 |
| 释义 | 〔midwife〕The wordmidwife is the sort of word whose etymology is perfectly clear until one tries to figure it out.Wife would seem to refer to the woman giving birth, who is usually a wife,butmid ? A knowledge of older senses of words helps us with this puzzle.Wife in its earlier history meant "woman,” as it still did when the compoundmidwife was formed in Middle English (first recorded around 1300). Mid is probably a preposition, meaning "together with.”Thus amidwife was literally a "with woman" or "a woman who assists other women in childbirth.” Even though obstetrics has been rather resistant to midwifery until fairly recently,the etymology ofobstetric is rather similar, going back to the Latin wordobstetrīx, "a midwife,” from the verbobstāre, "to stand in front of,” and the feminine suffix -trix; theobstetrīx would thus literally stand in front of the baby. 单词midwife 属于那类语源看起来相当明了的词， 可当人们试着搞清楚时，才发现并不那么简单。Wife 似乎是指临产的妇女， 通常都身为人妇，但是mid 指的是什么呢？ 通过了解词语原有的含义我们可以解开这个谜。Wife 早期时意指“妇女”， 当midwife 这个复合词在中古英语中形成的时候它仍然有此含义（首次记载于1300年前后）。 Mid 有可能是个介词， 意为“与…在一起”。这样midwife 字面上的意思就是“与妇女在一起”或者“帮助临产妇女生产的妇女”。 虽然直到近期产科学还一直抵制助产术一词，但是obstetric 的语源却与其很相似。 它可以上溯到拉丁词语obstetrix 意为“接生者”， 该词由动词obstare “站在…的前面”再加上阴性后缀 -trix 构成； 于是obstetrix 这个词字面上的意思是站在婴儿前面的人 〔Armstrong〕American astronaut who as commander of Apollo 11 became the first human being to walk on the moon (July 20, 1969).阿姆斯壮，奈尔·奥尔登：(生于 1930) 美国宇航员，他森身为阿波罗11号指挥官，成为第一个登上月球的人（1969年7月20日）〔Wiesenthal〕Ukranian-born Holocaust survivor who, as founder (1961) and head of the Jewish Documentation Center, has tracked down more than 1,000 Nazi war criminals, most famously Adolf Eichmann.维森塔尔，西蒙：乌克兰裔的犹太人大屠杀中幸存者，身为犹太文献中心的创立人(1961)和负责人，已追查到超过1,000名的纳粹战犯，最有名的是阿道夫·艾希曼〔alleged〕Analleged burglar is someone who has been accused of being a burglar but against whom no charges have been proved. Analleged incident is an event that is said to have taken place but has not yet been verified. In their zeal to protect the rights of the accused,newspapers and law enforcement officials sometimes misusealleged. A man arrested for murder may be only analleged murderer, for example, but he is a real, not analleged, suspect in that his status as a suspect is not in doubt. Similarly, if the money from a safe is known to have been stolen and not merely mislaid,then we may safely speak of a theft without having to qualify our description withalleged. 一个alleged（有嫌疑的） 强盗是指被指控为强盗但并未得到证实的人。 alleged（据称的） 的事件是一件据说发生过但还未被证实的事。 出于保护被指控者权力的热情，报界和执法官员有时误用alleged 这个词。 比如说，一个因谋杀而被捕的人，可能只是个alleged（有嫌疑的） 谋杀犯， 但当他是真正的而不是alleged（据称的） 嫌疑犯时，那么他身为嫌疑犯的处境就是毫无疑问的。 与此相似，如果放在保险箱里的钱已知是被人偷走而不仅仅是放错了，那么我们应该可以毫不犹豫地把它说成盗窃案而不用加alleged 这个词来限定我们的描述 〔matriarch〕A highly respected woman who is a mother.受人尊敬的身为母亲的妇女〔noddy〕Any of several terns of the generaAnous and Micranous, found in tropical waters and having a dark brown or black color with a white or gray head. 黑燕鸥：一种燕鸥黑燕鸥 和 小 黑燕鸥 属，发现生长于热带水中，头为白色或灰色，身为深褐色或黑色 〔host〕Host was used as a verb in Shakespeare's time, but this usage was long obsoletewhen the verb was reintroduced (or perhaps reinvented) in recent yearsto mean "perform the role of a host.”The usage occurs particularly in contexts relating to institutional gatherings or television and radio shows,where the person performing the role of host has not personally invited the guests to his or her own establishment (thus it would be odd to sayThis evening we are hosting a dinner party at our house for my husband's cousins from New York ). Perhaps because the verb involves a suspect extension of the traditional conception of hospitality,it initially met with critical resistance.In a 1968 surveyonly 18 percent of the Usage Panel accepted the usage in the sentenceThe Cleveland chapter will host this year's convention. Over time, however,the usage has become increasingly well establishedand appears to serve a useful purpose in describing the activities of one who performs the ceremonial or practical role of a host (in arranging a conference or entertainment, welcoming guests, and so forth).In our most recent survey53 percent of the Panelists accepted the usage in the phrasea reception hosted by the Secretary of State. The verb is less well accepted when used to describe the role of a performer who acts as a master of ceremonies for a broadcast or film,where the relation of the word to the notion of "hospitality" is stretched still further.Only 31 percent of the Panel accepted the use of the verb in the sentenceStudents have watched Sex, Drugs and AIDS, a graphic film hosted by actress Rae Dawn Chong. · The verbcohost has likewise become well established in its use to refer to those who collaborate in assuming responsibility for an occasion. Fifty-eight percent of the Usage Panel accepted this use in the sentenceThe Department of Architecture and the Department of History will be cohosting a reception for conference participants. Host 一词在莎士比亚时代用作动词， 但自那时起这一用法很长时间不用了，直到近年来又被重新起用（或者可能重新创造），用来表示“担当主人的角色”。这一用法尤其在学术聚会或电视、电台节目的情况下使用，在这些情况下，身为主人的人并没有以私人身份邀请客人去到他或她自己的家中，（这样的话，如果我们说今天晚上我们将在家中为我丈夫来自纽约的表兄妹‘主办’一个晚餐会 就会觉得有点别扭）。 也许是因为有人认为这一动词用法会扩大传统的“好客”概念，所以一开始它就遭到了批评性抑制。在1968年的一次调查中，用法专题使用小组中18%的成员在如下句子中的用法，即克利夫兰分会将主办本年度的大会。 但是，随着时间的推移，这一用法已逐渐被接受，并在描绘一个担当司仪或具体的主人任务（例如安排会议或娱乐活动，欢迎客人等等）时起到了很好的作用。在我们最近一次的调查中，用法专题使用小组中的53%的成员接受了短语由国务卿出面举办的招待会 中"host"一词的用法。 但当这一动词用法用来描绘作为广播节目或电影节目的主持人的主持工作时，人们就不太接受其用法，因为这样用，这个词与“好客”这一概念的关系就更松了。只有31%的用法专题使用小组成员接受host在句子学生们观摩了 由 演员雷·唐·宗主持解说的纪录片 ‘性、毒品与艾滋病’”中的动词用法。 同样，用来表示分工合作共同举办某一活动的动词cohost 也已被普遍接受。 58%的用法专题使用小组成员接受这一动词在如下句子中的用法：建筑系和历史系将共同为与会者举办一次招待会 〔Terence〕Greek-born Roman playwright. Taken to Rome as the young slave of a senator, he was educated and then freed by his master. His comedies, such asPhormio and Adelphi, feature subtle humor and refined dialogue. 泰伦斯：生于希腊的古罗马剧作家。他身为一位元老院议员的奴隶，被带到罗马并在那里接受教育，后被其主人释放。其喜剧如《福尔弥昂》 和 《阿德尔菲》 以其巧妙的幽默和精采的对话为特征 〔Kali〕One of the manifestations and cult titles of the wife of Shiva and mother goddess Devi, especially in her malevolent role as a goddess of death and destruction, depicted as black, red-eyed, blood-stained, and wearing a necklace of skulls.时母：湿婆神（大自在天）的妻子及村庄女神所宣称及崇拜的神祇名称之一，尤其是她身为死亡及破坏女神邪恶的角色，被描绘成皮肤漆黑，红眼，沾满血渍并挂着骷髅头项链的样子〔indie〕Of, relating to, or being an indie:独立制片的：独立制片者的；独立制片相关的；身为一位独立制片者： |
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