| 单词 | 转化 |
| 释义 | 〔indeterminate〕an indeterminate turn of phrase.短语的模糊转化〔assimilate〕To transform (food) into living tissue by the process of anabolism; metabolize constructively.消化：通过合成代谢过程将食物转化到活组织里去；结构性新陈代谢〔render〕To reduce, convert, or melt down (fat) by heating.熔解，精炼：通过加热减少、转化或熔化（脂肪）〔scarce〕The phrasescarce excerpt, if it ever should occur to one, is an excellent example of how two intimately related words can diverge from one another in form while passing from one language to another over the centuries.Both words can be traced back to the Latin wordexcerpo (past participle stem excerpt- ), meaning "to pick out,” "to pick out mentally,” and "to select a passage for quotation.”This is clearly the ultimate source of our nounexcerpt (first recorded before 1638) and verb (first recorded around 1536), a past participle usage already being recorded in the 15th century. A more tangled path leads to our wordscarce. It is assumed that side by side with Latinexcerpere existed the Vulgar Latin form .excarpere. .Excarpsus, an adjective formed with the past participle of .excarpere in Vulgar Latin, meant "narrow, cramped,” and from this Vulgar Latin form came the Old French wordéchars, "insufficient, cramped,” and "stingy.” The Old French word, which existed in a variety of forms in Old French,includingscars and the chiefly Old North French form escarse, was borrowed into Middle English asscarse, being first recorded in a manuscript written around 1300.如果人们能够想到scarce excerpt 这个词语， 是一个说明两个关系密切的词语如何历经几个世纪，在一种语言转化到另一种语言的同时从一种形式转化到另一种形式的极佳例子。两个词可追溯到拉丁词excerpo （过去分词词根为 excerpt- )， 意为“选出”、“在思想上进行选择”和“为了引用而选择一个段落”。很清楚，名词excerpt （第一次记录于1638年前）和动词（首次记录于约1536年）及过去分词用法的最终词源，在15世纪时就已经被记录下来。 词语scarce 的变化更为复杂。 据猜测与拉丁文中excerpere 同时存在的有拉丁俗语形式 excarpere。 Excarpsus在拉丁俗语中是由 excarpere 的过去分词形成的，意为“狭窄的、受限制的”， 从这一拉丁俗语形式形成了古法语词echars ，意为“不足的、受限制的”及“吝啬的”。 这些在古法语中以多种形式存在的古法语词，包括scars 和北部古法语的主要形式 escarse ， 被引入中世纪英语中成为scarse ， 在1300年左右第一次被记载在一手稿本中〔transform〕To change the nature, function, or condition of; convert.See Synonyms at convert 改变…的性质、职能或状况；转化 参见 convert〔transmute〕To change from one form, nature, substance, or state into another; transform:使变化：使变到另一种形式、性质、物质或状态；使…转化：〔translate〕To change from one form, function, or state to another; convert or transform:使转变：从一种形式、职能或状态转到另一种形式、职能或状态；转化或变形：〔electrogasdynamics〕Generation of electrical energy based on the conversion of the kinetic energy contained in a high-pressure, ionized, moving combustion gas.电气体动力学：建立在运动能的转化的基础上的电能的产生。运动能被包含于高压、离子化的运动燃烧气体中〔fermentation〕Any of a group of chemical reactions induced by living or nonliving ferments that split complex organic compounds into relatively simple substances, especially the anaerobic conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide and alcohol by yeast.发酵：由将复杂的有机化合物分解为相对简单的物质的生物酶，或非生物酶引起的任何一组化学反应，尤其是由酵母菌引起的从糖到二氧化碳和氢氧化物的厌氧微生物转化〔transmute〕trāns- [trans-] trāns- [前缀，表“转化”] 〔kinase〕Any of various enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from a donor, such as ADP or ATP, to an acceptor.激酶：能催化施体，例如，ADP或ATP中的磷酸酯转化给接受体的各种酶〔biotransformation〕Chemical alteration of a substance within the body, as by the action of enzymes.生物转化：体内物质的化学转化，如通过酶的作用〔nitrogenase〕An enzyme of nitrogen-fixing bacteria that activates the conversion of nitrogen to ammonia.定氮酶：在固氮细菌中催化氮转化成氨的一种酶〔blastocyst〕The modified blastula that is characteristic of placental mammals. Also called blastodermic vesicle 胚泡：转化的囊胚，为胎盘哺乳动物的特征 也作 blastodermic vesicle〔nationalize〕To convert from private to governmental ownership and control:使国有化：从私有向国家拥有和控制转化：〔transubstantiation〕Conversion of one substance into another.变质：从一种物质向另一种物质的转化〔dehydrogenase〕An enzyme that catalyzes the removal and transfer of hydrogen from a substrate in an oxidation-reduction reaction.脱氢酶：一种酶，能在氧化还原反应过程中，对脱去作用物中的氢并转化氢起催化作用〔embourgeoisement〕Conversion to bourgeois values, loyalties, or tastes:资产阶级化：向资产阶级的价值观、忠诚或品味的转化：〔inulase〕An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of inulin to fructose.菊粉酶：促进菊粉向果糖转化的酶〔casino〕The history of the wordcasino reveals a transformation from a cottage to a gambling palace. The source of our word, Italiancasino, is a diminutive ofcasa, "house,” itself from Latincāsa, "cottage, hut, hovel.” Central to the transformation is the development of the senses ofcasino in Italian. The word was first applied to a country houseand then came to be used for a social gathering place,a room or building where one could dance, listen to music, and gamble. This last pastime seems to have gained precedence over the others,at least as far as the development of the word is concerned, andcasino took on the meaning "gambling establishment.” These senses of the Italian word have all been borrowed into English,the sense "social gathering place" being recorded first in the 18th century,the sense "gambling establishment" first in 1851.单词casino 的历史揭示了一个从村舍到赌场的转化。 我们这个意大利词casino 的来源， 是casa 的小字尾“房屋”， 而其本身也来自于拉丁语casa ，意思是“村舍、小屋、茅屋。” 对这一转化起中心作用的是casino 一词在意大利语中的意思发展。 起初，这个词被用来指一所乡间房屋，然后逐渐用它来指一个社交聚会场所，一个人们可以在那里跳舞、听音乐和赌博的房间或建筑物。这最后一种娱乐的地位似乎已在其他娱乐之上，至少就casino 这个词的发展来说是这样的，于是它开始有了“赌场”的含义。 这个意大利词的这些意义都已被借用到英语中；“社交聚会场所”这层意思在18世纪首次被记录下来，“赌场”的含义在1851年被首次记录下来〔transmute〕"the tendency to transmute what has become customary into what has been divinely ordained"(Suzanne LaFollette)See Synonyms at convert “把已经成为常规的东西转化成为神所预定的东西的趋势”(苏珊·拉福莱特) 参见 convert〔resolution〕The tone or chord to which such a progression is made.解决的和谐音：进行这样转化的音调或和弦〔coke〕To convert or be converted into coke.使成焦炭：转化或者被转化为焦炭〔racemization〕Conversion of an optically active substance to a racemic form.外消旋转化：将光学活性物质转化为外消旋形式〔translate〕To be changed or transformed in effect. Often used withinto or to : 转化：被有效地改变或转化。常与into 或 to 连用： 〔transsexual〕One whose primary sexual identification is with the opposite sex.有异性转化欲者：其主要性别特征是与其相对性别的人〔diagenesis〕The process of chemical and physical change in deposited sediment during its conversion to rock.成岩作用：在岩石转化过程中沉积物发生化学和物理变化的过程〔scan〕In the 1969 edition ofThe American Heritage Dictionary a dead issue was buried by our Usage Panel, 85 percent of whom thought it was acceptable to usescan in the sense "to look over quickly,” though the note stated that this was less formal usage.The usage issue was raised becausescan in an earlier sense meant "to examine closely.” From a historical perspective it is easy to see how these two opposite senses ofscan developed. The source of our word, Latinscandere, which meant "to climb,” came to mean "to scan a verse of poetry,” because one could beat the rhythm by lifting and putting down one's foot.The Middle English verbscannen, derived from scandere, came into Middle English in this sense (first recorded in a text composed before 1398). In the 16th century this highly specialized sense having to do with the close analysis of verse developed other senses,such as "to criticize, examine minutely, interpret, perceive.” From these senses having to do with examination and perception,it was an easy step to the sense "to look at searchingly" (first recorded in 1798),perhaps harking back still to the careful, detailed work involved in analyzing prosody.But a thorough search can change into a quick one, as it seems to have done in the case of the verbscan. 在1969年版的美国传统词典 中，我们的用法委员会放弃了一个已废弃的争议， 其中85%的人认为scan 意为“快速浏览”是可接受的， 虽然注释上说这是非正式的用法。之所以这么用是因为scan 在较早的意义上表示“仔细检查”。 从历史的角度了解scan 的两个相反意思如何发展是容易的。 这个单词的词源是拉丁语scandere ，意为“攀登”，后又演化为“标出诗之格律”， 因为人们可以通过抬起或放下脚来打拍子。中世纪英语动词scannen 即是在这个意义上从 scandere 转化而来的（首次被记载在一本1398年之前编辑的教科书上）。 在16世纪这个已经高度专门化并且用来表示仔细分析诗歌的词语又发展出了其它的意项，如“批评、细致入微地检查、翻译或理解”。从这些表示检查和察觉的意思，很容易就过渡到“细察”(1798年首次被记载）的意义，也可能返回到仔细分析诗体的细微工作。但就象这个动词scan 一样，彻底地搜查可能变成快速地浏览 〔pyrolysis〕Decomposition or transformation of a compound caused by heat.热解化用，高温分解：由于热量而导致的化合物的分解或转化〔metaplasia〕Transformation of cells from a normal to an abnormal state.组织变形：细胞从正常状态向非正常状态的转化〔Spackle〕A trademark used for a powder to be mixed with water or a ready-to-use plastic paste designed to fill cracks and holes in plaster before painting or papering. This trademark often occurs in lowercase in print:"In the Sierra . . . the snow generally is the consistency of spackle" (San Francisco Chronicle). It also occurs as a verb in various contexts: "Two young men quietly spackled and whitewashed the walls . . . for an exhibition" (New York Times). "Support compensates, underpins, retrofits, translates, spackles, patches and reinforces" (Computerworld). The trademark has also generated a derivative noun: 斯百克填料：一种涂料粉的商标，用水或即用石膏泥与粉末合成，用以在作画或裱纸前填补石膏上的裂缝或洞眼。该商标印刷时通常以小写字母排印：“在塞拉…雪花通常都是斯百克填料组成的” （旧金山年鉴）。该词同时也在各种文本中以动词出现： “两个年轻人静静地抹墙并把墙刷白…为了展览” （纽约时报）。 “支持可以补偿、巩固、翻新、转化、填补、修补和加强” （计算机世界）。此商标还派生出一名词： 〔transmutation〕The act or an instance of transmuting; transformation.转化：变形的动作或事例；转化〔bioconversion〕The conversion of organic materials, such as plant or animal waste, into usable products or energy sources by biological processes or agents, such as certain microorganisms.生物转化：有机物质，如植物或动物粪便，通过生物过程或制剂的作用向有用物质或能源的转化，如某些微生物〔transduction〕From Latin transductus [past participle of] trānsdūcere [to transfer] * see transducer 源自 拉丁语 transductus trānsdūcere的过去分词 [转化] * 参见 transducer〔iotacism〕The conversion of other vowel sounds in Greek, such as eta or upsilon, to the sound of iota.希腊语中的其它元音，如η或ν，向l这个元音的转化〔indican〕A potassium salt, C8H 6NO 4SK, found in sweat and urine and formed by the conversion of tryptophan to indole by intestinal bacteria. （动物）β-吲哚硫酸钾：一种钾盐，C8H 6NO 4SK，汗和尿中含有的一种物质，由肠细菌引起的色氨酸向吲哚的转化而产生 〔metaplasia〕Normal transformation of tissue from one type to another, as in the ossification of cartilage to form bone.化生：组织从一种类型向另一种类型的正常转化，如软骨骨化形成骨头〔alembic〕A device that purifies or alters by a process comparable to distillation.蒸馏方法：一种通过与蒸馏类似的过程而产生提炼或转化作用的方法〔adolescence〕A transitional period of development between youth and maturity:青春：从青年期发展到成熟期的转化阶段：〔biotechnology〕The use of microorganisms, such as bacteria or yeasts, or biological substances, such as enzymes, to perform specific industrial or manufacturing processes. Applications include the production of certain drugs, synthetic hormones, and bulk foodstuffs as well as the bioconversion of organic waste and the use of genetically altered bacteria in the cleanup of oil spills.生物工艺学：利用微生物，如细菌、酵母或生物物质，如酶而进行的具体工业或生产过程。用途包括特定药剂的生产、合成荷尔蒙和大量粮食的生产，除了有机废物的生物转化之外并在溢油清理中用于细菌种起缘的转化技术 |
| 随便看 |
|
英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。