| 单词 | 辅音 |
| 释义 | 〔consonantal〕Of, relating to, or having the nature of a consonant.辅音的：辅音（字母）的、与之有关的或有辅音特征的〔trigraph〕Three letters spelling one consonant, vowel, or diphthong, such asSch in Schiller or igh in high or thigh. 三合字母：三个字母拼成一个辅音、元音或双元音，如schiller 中的 sch high 或 thigh 中的 igh 〔thataway〕The history of the English language is full of examples of epenthesis,the addition to a word of a vowel or consonant not part of the original word.This process is still active in regional dialects.Two examples now used chiefly in Southern and Midland dialects arethisaway and thataway, which show epenthetic vowels intruding betweenthis way and that way. Another highly excoriated instance of vowel epenthesis,not regional, is the pronunciation ofathlete as (ăthʹə-lēt'). 英语的历史充满了增音的例子，即增加一个不是原词部分的元音或辅音词。这种现象在方言中依然很活跃。现在主要用于南部和中部方言的两个例子是thisaway 和 thataway ， 它们显示了在this way 和 that way 之间插入的元音发音。 另一个备受非议的增加元音的例子，不是方言，而是athlete（运动员） 如(ath'□-let')的发音 〔consonantal〕Containing a consonant or consonants.辅音的：含有一个或几个辅音（字母）的〔bilabial〕Pronounced or articulated with both lips, as the consonantsb, p, m, and w. 双唇音的：用双唇发音或说话的，如辅音b，p，m 和 w。 〔purty〕Purty is probably the most common American example of metathesis, a linguistic process in which two adjacent sounds are reversed in order.Metathesis in English often involves the consonantr and a vowel, since the phonetic properties ofr are so vowellike. For example,the wordthird used to be thrid, and bird, brid. By the same process,Englishpretty often came to be realized as purty in regional speech. Most such words stabilized because of the influence of printing and the resultant standardized spelling,butpurty for pretty has survived in regional American dialects. Purty 可能是美国换位词最普遍的一个例子， 换位是两个相邻的音在顺序上调换位置的语法过程。英语中的换位经常包括辅音r 和一个元音， 因为r 的语音属性是非常像元音的。 举个例子来说，单词third 过去曾是 thrid 及 bird和brid。 具有同样的过程，英语单词pretty 在区域性语言中常被渐渐地认作 purty。 大部分这样的单词固定下来是因为印刷的影响以及由此而产生的标准化拼写，但是代替pretty 的 purty 却在美国区域性的方言中存在下来了 〔grave〕Of or referring to a phonetic feature that distinguishes sounds produced at the periphery of the vocal tract, as in labial and velar consonants and back vowels.抑音的：属于或关于一种语系特征的，可通过在元音带外缘产生的声音区别， 如在唇音、软腭辅音和后元音里〔consonance〕The repetition of consonants or of a consonant pattern, especially at the ends of words, as inblank and think or strong and string. 辅音韵：辅音或辅音模式的重复，尤指位于词尾的，如blank 和 think 或 strong 和 string 〔long〕Having a comparatively great duration. Used of a vowel or consonant.长音的：有较长持续时间的。用于元音或辅音〔stammer〕 Stutter usually refers to spasmodic repetition or prolongation of sounds, especially consonants, often as a result of a speech impediment: Stutter 通常指间断性的重复或拉长声，特别是由于说话障碍而发出的辅音： 〔continuant〕A consonant, such ass, z, m, or l, that can be prolonged as long as the breath lasts without a change in quality. 擦音：一种辅音，如s,z,m 或 l ，它能够被拖长至呼吸所能达到的长度而又能保持音值不变 〔kudos〕Kudos is one of those words like congeries that look like pluralsbut are etymologically singular:correctness requiresKudos is (not are ) due her for her brilliant work on the score. Some writers have tried to defend the use ofkudos with a plural verb, or even the introduction of a new singular form ofkudo, on the grounds that these innovations follow the pattern whereby the English words pea and cherry were re-formed from nouns ending in-s that were thought to be plural. Perhaps the singularkudo would have to be acknowledged as a legitimate formation if it came to be widely adopted in the popular language in the way that cherry and pea have. But at presentkudos is still regarded as a slightly pretentious variant for praise and can scarcely claim to be part of the linguistic folkways of the community.When writers reach for an unfamiliar Greek word for the sake of elegance,it is fair to ask that they get it right.Still, it is worth notingthat even people who are carefulto treat the word syntactically as a singularoften pronounce it as if it were a plural:etymology would require that the final consonant be pronounced as a voiceless (s),rather than as a voiced (z).Kudos 和 congeries 那些词一样， 看上去好象是复数，但从词源上看是单数：因此正确的用法应该是Kudos is （不是 are ） due her for her brilliant work on the score 。 许多作者为kudos 后跟动词复数形式的做法辩护， 他们甚至发明了一个新的词kudo 作为该词的单数形式，他们这样做是以英语单词 pea 和 cherry 的形成模式为依据的， 这些词都是从原先结尾带-s 的复数形式名词演化而来。 kudo 这种单数形式只有在象 cherry 和 pea 这样为大众语言所普遍接受之后才能被认可为一种正确的形式。 但是现在kudos 这个词仍被看作是 praise 这个词稍稍有些做作的变体， 还很难成为社群的习惯用语的一部份。当一个作家为了行文的优雅用一个生僻的希腊词的时候，他应该正确地使用它。但是值得注意的是，即使是那些非常仔细的人，他们在句子中把它用作单数，但在读的时候却读成复数的形式：根据词源来看，这个词最后一个辅音应该发成清辅音（s），而不是浊辅音（z）〔sonorant〕A voiced consonant regarded as a syllabic sound, as the last sound in the wordsudden. 响音：被看作是浊音节发音的辅音，如sudden 这个单词最后一个音所示 〔aspiration〕The pronunciation of a consonant with an aspirate.发带有送气音的辅音〔syllable〕A unit of spoken language consisting of a single uninterrupted sound formed by a vowel, diphthong, or syllabic consonant alone, or by any of these sounds preceded, followed, or surrounded by one or more consonants.音节：口语的一个单位，由一个不间断的音构成，该音可由一个元音、双元音和单音节辅音单独构成，也可由一个或多个辅音在前面提到的语音的任一个后面或前面与其共同构成〔aspirate〕To follow (a consonant, especially a stop consonant) with a puff of breath that is clearly audible before the next sound begins, as in Englishpit or kit. 送气发基辅音：在下一个音开始前，清晰地送气发音（辅音，特别是爆破音），如英语中的pit 或 kit 〔plosion〕The sudden release of occluded air characteristically occurring in the articulation of certain stop consonants. Also called explosion 破裂：阻塞空气的突然释放，出现在某些闭塞性辅音的特征性发音中 也作 explosion〔consonant〕Consonantal.辅音（字母）的〔sibilant〕the sibilant consonants; a sibilant bird call.咝声辅音；咝咝的唤鸟声〔mute〕Pronounced with a temporary stoppage of breath, as the sounds (p) and (b); plosive; stopped.停顿的：发音时气流自短暂闭塞的，如辅音(p)和(b)；爆裂的；停顿的〔consonant〕A speech sound produced by a partial or complete obstruction of the air stream by any of various constrictions of the speech organs.辅音：一种由语言器官的收缩所致的部分或完全的气流阻塞产生的语音〔alliteration〕The repetition of the same consonant sounds or of different vowel sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables, as in头韵：在一组词的开头或重读音节中对相同辅音或不同元音的重复。如：〔chirren〕The linguistic process of ellipsis allows for the deletion within words of some internal sounds, such as weakly stressed syllables and less prominent consonants.This process caused Old Englishheafod ultimately to become Modern English head, losing its internal v sound (spelled f in Old English). Ellipsis is still an active process in American regional dialects.For example, inchirren both the l and the d of children are omitted in favor of the more conspicuous r. 轻音和次要辅音等语言上的省略过程造成单词某些内部音素的缺乏。这一过程导致古英语中的heafod 省略词中内部音素 V （古英语中拼写成 f ）而最终变成现代英语中 head 一词。 在美国的地区方言中活力过程仍然起着作用。例如，为了在chirren 一词中突出更显著的音素 r ，将 children 中的 l 和 d 两个音素都省略了 〔light〕Of, relating to, or being a syllable ending in a short vowel or a short vowel plus a consonant.短元音的，短元音音节的：属于、关于或是以短元音或短元音加一个辅音结尾的音节的〔fricative〕A consonant, such asf or s in English, produced by the forcing of breath through a constricted passage. Also called spirant 摩擦音：英语的一种辅音，例如f 或 S ，通过使气流穿过狭窄音道而发出 也作 spirant〔geminate〕A double or long consonant.成双辅音或长辅音〔articulation〕A speech sound, especially a consonant.辅音：说话的声音，尤指辅音〔soft〕Palatalized, as certain consonants in Slavic languages.软音的：腭音化的，如斯拉夫语中的某些辅音〔graph〕A written character that represents a vowel, consonant, syllable, word, or other expression and that cannot be further analyzed.书写单位；书写符号：代表一个元音、辅音、音节、词或其它表达方式，并且不能进一步分解的书写符号〔breaking〕The change of a simple vowel to a diphthong, often caused by the influence of neighboring consonants.元音割裂：一个单元音向一个双元音的转变，常由临近辅音影响所致〔assonance〕The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds, especially in stressed syllables, with changes in the intervening consonants, as in the phrasetilting at windmills. 类音，类韵：相同或相似元音的重复，尤指重读音节，其间有辅音变化，如短语tilting at windmills 〔Shelta〕A secret jargon used by Gypsies in Great Britain and Ireland, based on systematic inversion or alteration of the initial consonants of Gaelic words.舍尔塔语：大不列颠及爱尔兰的吉普赛人使用的一种秘密用语，起源于盖尔单词初始辅音的系统化倒置或改变〔ogham〕An alphabetic system of inscribed notches for vowels and lines for consonants used to write Old Irish, chiefly on the edges of memorial stones, from the fifth to the early seventh century.欧甘文字：V形刻痕代表元音，线形刻痕代表辅音的字母系统。这一字母系统是用以书写古爱尔兰语的，在5世纪至7世纪早期主要刻在纪念石碑的边缘部分〔syllabic〕Designating a consonant that forms a syllable without a vowel, such as the (l) inriddle (rĭdʹl). 成音节的：表明某一个辅音无需元音即构成一个音节的，如riddle （rid'l）中的（l） 〔postvocalic〕Designating a consonant or consonantal sound directly following a vowel.元音后的：标明紧跟在元音后的辅音字母或辅音元素的〔vocalize〕To change (a consonant) into a vowel during articulation.使发成元音：在发音中变（辅音）为元音〔aspirate〕The puff of air accompanying the release of a stop consonant.发爆破辅音时的送气音〔sonant〕A syllabic consonant in Indo-European.浊辅音：印欧语系中的音节辅音（重读辅音） |
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