| 单词 | 达罗毗荼 |
| 释义 | 〔kamala〕[probably of Dravidian origin] [也许源自达罗毗荼诸语] 〔Gondi〕The Dravidian language of the Gonds.冈德语：冈德人的达罗毗荼语〔Tamil〕The Dravidian language of the Tamil.泰米尔语：泰米尔人所讲的达罗毗荼语〔Dravidian〕A member of any of the peoples that speak one of the Dravidian languages, especially a member of one of the pre-Indo-European peoples of southern India.说达罗毗荼语的人：说任一种达罗毗荼语的人，特别是指印度南部前印欧人成员〔Dravidian〕From Sanksrit drāviḍaḥ [a Dravidian] 源自 梵文 drāviḍaḥ [达罗毗荼人] 〔nullah〕[probably of Dravidian origin] [可能源于达罗毗荼诸语] 〔jute〕[probably of Dravidian origin] [可能源于达罗毗荼语] 〔candy〕qandīy [candied] from qand [cane sugar] probably from Dravidian kaṇṭu [lump] qandīy [糖制的] 源自 qand [蔗糖] 可能源自 达罗毗荼诸语 kaṇṭu [块，团] 〔mongoose〕[of Dravidian origin] [源于达罗毗荼语] 〔tank〕Partly from Gujarati tānkh [cistern] from Sanskrit taḍāgaḥ [pond] [perhaps of Dravidian origin] 部分源自 古吉拉特语 tānkh [水箱] 源自 梵文 taḍāgaḥ [池塘] [可能源于达罗毗荼语] 〔orange〕Oranges imported to China from the United States reflect a journey come full circle,for the orange had worked its way westward for centuries, originating in China,then being introduced to India,and traveling on to the Middle East, into Europe,and finally to the New World.The history of the wordorange keeps step with this journey only part of the way. The word is possibly ultimately of Dravidian origin, that is, it comes from a language or languages in a large non-Indo-European family of languages,including Tamil and Telugu, that are spoken in southern India and northern Sri Lanka.The Dravidian word or words were adopted into the Indo-European language Sanskritwith the formnāraṅgaḥ. As the fruit passed westward,so did the word,as evidenced by Persiannārang and Arabic nāranj. Arabs brought the first oranges to Spain,and the fruit rapidly spread throughout Europe.The important word for the development of our term is Old Italianmelarancio, derived from mela, "fruit,” and arancio, "orange tree,” from Arabicnāranj. Old Italianmelarancio was translated into Old French as pume orenge, theo replacing the a because of the influence of the name of the town of Orange, from which oranges reached the northern part of France.The final stage of the odyssey of the word was its borrowing into English from the Old French formorenge. Our word is first recorded in Middle English in a text probably composed around 1380,a time preceding the arrival of the orange in the New World.从美国进口到中国的桔子恰恰反映出兜圈子似的行进里程，因为原产于中国的桔子几个世纪以来不断向西行进，先是被引入印度，之后传播到中东国家、欧洲，最后引进了新大陆，orange 这个词的发展历史只与桔子的发展历程在一部分时段上是有其同步性的， 它最可能是来源于达罗毗荼，也就是说，它来源于非印一欧语系中的一种或多种语言，包括用于印度南部和斯里兰卡北部的泰米尔语和泰卢固语。达罗毗荼语是以梵文形式引入印欧语系的，形式如narangch。 当这种水果向西传播时，这个单词也同样西传，从以下可得到明证，如波斯语中的narang 和阿拉伯语中的 naranj。 阿拉伯人把第一批桔子带到西班牙后，这种水果又迅速传遍整个欧洲。我们现时所用的这个词的发展期中重要的一词便是古意大利语melarancio ，源于 mela， “水果”及 arancio， “桔树”， 来源于阿拉伯语naranj。 古意大利语melarancio 翻译成古法语为 pume orenge， o 变换为 a 是因为受奥伦奇城名的影响， 桔子即由此地进入法国北部。这一单词长途跋涉的最后一站是它由古法语orenge 进入英语词汇。 我们所用的这一词汇最初载入中世纪英语是在大约1380年左右的一份文本当中，早于桔子进入新大陆的时间〔Pali〕[perhaps of Dravidian origin] [或许源于达罗毗荼语] 〔cutch〕[of Dravidian origin] [源于达罗毗荼语] 〔Malayalam〕A Dravidian language spoken in the state of Kerala on the Malabar Coast of southwest India.马拉雅拉姆语：印度西南马拉巴尔海岸的喀拉拉邦所使用的一种达罗毗荼语〔jaggery〕ultimately from Dravidian carucarai [to be rough] 最终源自 达罗毗荼诸语 carucarai [粗糙的] 〔Kannada〕The principal Dravidian language of Mysore, a region of southern India. Also called Kanarese 卡纳达语：印度南部一地区迈索尔的主要的达罗毗荼语 也作 Kanarese〔Dravidian〕A large family of languages spoken especially in southern India and northern Sri Lanka that includes Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, and Kannada.达罗毗荼语系：使用于印度南部和斯里兰卡北部的一个大语族，包括泰米尔语、泰卢固语、马拉亚兰语和卡纳拉语〔Devanagari〕nāgarī [feminine of] nāgara- [of a town] from nagaram [town] [probably of Dravidian origin] nāgarī nāgara-的阴性词 [城镇的] 源自 nagaram [城镇] [可能起源于达罗毗荼语] 〔catechu〕probably from Dravidian karaiyal, karaiccal [that which is dissolved] 可能源自 达罗毗荼诸语 karaiyal, karaiccal [溶化的东西] 〔cowrie〕[of Dravidian origin] [源于达罗毗荼语] |
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