| 单词 | 近期 |
| 释义 | 〔touch〕some remarks touching recent events.一些言论涉及到近期的事件〔showcase〕"Other recent first ladies also showcased American clothing" (Paula Span). “其他几位近期的第一夫人也展示了美国服装” （波拉·斯班）。 〔latter〕a style that has been revived in latter times.近期复兴的风格〔tendentious〕a tendentious account of the recent elections.对近期选举有偏见的报导〔father〕The verbfather has come to be used widely to mean specifically to "perform the child-rearing functions of a father,”particularly in the gerundfathering, as inFathering a step-child takes considerable tact and understanding. This usage reflects the same social changes that have led to the analogous use of the verbparent and has met with the same kinds of critical resistance.In the most recent surveythe example cited was rejected by 64 percent of the Usage Panel.A problem particular to this use offather is that it may occasion opportunities for humorous misconstruction,since it is in direct competition with the older sense of "beget.” ·It is notablethat the analogous use ofmother as a verb meaning specifically "to perform the child-rearing functions of a mother" is encountered only rarely.It is likely that the discrepancy in the frequency of these new uses ofmother and father reflects the fact that recent writers on family life have tended to place more emphasis on a reconceptualization of the traditional paternal role in child-rearing.See Usage Note at parent 动词father 被广泛应用， 尤指“履行一个父亲养育孩子的职责”，特别是动名词fathering， 如在抚育养子得花费巨大的心智和理解 。 这种用法反应了引起动词parent 相似用法的同样社会变化， 并遭到了同样的批评反对。在最近的调查中，引用的例子被用法专题使用小组64%的成员反对。特别对于father 这种用法的一个问题是， 它可能会引起幽默的误解，因为它直接与旧观念的“生育”冲突。值得注意的是，mother 作为动词的相似用法意思特指“履行一个母亲生养孩子的职责”， 这种用法很少见。看起来mother 和 father 这些新用法出现频率的不一致反映了一个事实， 那就是近期家庭生活题材的作者们倾向于将更多的重点放在重新定义父母在抚养孩子上所充任的传统角色 参见 parent〔cryonics〕The process of freezing and storing the body of a diseased, recently deceased person to prevent tissue decomposition so that at some future time the person might be brought back to life upon development of new medical cures.人体冷冻学：一种把近期病死的人的尸体冷冻储藏起来以防止组织腐烂的方法，以期将来某时当新的医疗方法发展后使他可能起死回生〔ilk〕When one usesilk, as in the phrasemen of his ilk, one is using a word with an ancient pedigreeeven though the sense ofilk, "kind or sort,” is actually quite recent,having been recorded no earlier than the end of the 18th century.This sense grew out of an older use ofilk in the phrase of that ilk, meaning "of the same place, territorial designation, or name.” This phrase was used chiefly in names of landed families,Guthrie of that ilk meaning "Guthrie of Guthrie.” "Same" is the fundamental meaning of the word.The ancestors ofilk, Old Englishilca and Middle English ilke, were common words, usually appearing with such words asthe or that, but the word hardly survived the Middle Ages in those uses.当我们使用ilk 一词， 例如在词组men of his ilk 中那样， 我们实际上在使用一个历史悠久的词。不过ilk 这个词有“一种或一类”这个意思， 却是近期的事情，其最早的使用记录不超过18世纪末。过去ilk 这个词用于词组 of that ilk 之中，意为“相同地方的，相同封地的，相同名号的”，现代意义就是从这个意思演化而来。 这个词组主要用于拥有土地的家族的名称前面：Guthrie of that ilk 意指“格思里这个地方叫格思里的人”。 这个词的基本意义为“相同”。ilk 这个词的前身， 古英语的ilca 和中古英语的 ilke 都是常用词汇， 常常和the 或 that 等词一起使用， 不过这些词经过中世纪后都没能存在下来〔necrology〕A list of people who have died, especially in the recent past or during a specific period.亡故者名单：死亡者的名单，尤指近期或在一特定时期的亡者〔incline〕Recent events incline us to distrust all politicians.近期发生的事件使我们不信任所有的政客〔parent〕The Usage Panel is better disposed to accept the verbparent than in previous surveys, though a majority continues to find it unacceptable.In 1968 it was acceptable to only 19 percent of the Panel;in the most recent survey45 percent accepted it in the sentenceIn looking for foster homes, we give preference first to relatives and second to families with prior experience in parenting. · The use of the verbparent to mean "act as a parent to" is not entirely new:it occurs as early as 1884 in a metaphorical context.But its use in a literal sense with respect to children is a recent development and reflects a modern reconceptualization of family life.The word is not completely synonymous with the traditional expressionraise a child, though the precise nature of the differences may depend on the context.For some speakers,use of the word suggests a self-conscious shift from child to parent as the focus of the parental relationship,and it may be this implication that feeds critical reservations about the verb.But the usage also reflects a widespread practical realizationthat the activities required of a parent extend well beyond the direct interactionwith the child emphasized inchild raising. Thus theparenting classes for young parents offered by schools and state agencies encompass not only the activities traditionally associated with raising a childbut also topics such as personal self-sufficiency, household financial management, and methods of dealing with schools and health care agencies.See Usage Note at father 用法小组比以往更倾向于接受动词parent 了， 虽然还有大部分人觉得不可接受。1968年仅有19％的小组成员认同这种用法；在最近的调查中，有45％的人接受了它,如在：在寻找收养家庭时，我们首先选孩子的亲戚，其次是有过养育孩子经历的家庭 这样的句子中的用法。 Parent 的意为“做…的父（母）”动词用法， 并不完全是个新用法：早在1884年，在一个比喻性的文章中就出现过了。但就孩子这方面而言，它的本义是近期发展的结果并反映了现代家庭生活的观念。这个词并不与习语 raise a child 完全同义， 尽管不同之处确切的性质可能取决于说话背景。但对一些人来说，使用这个词暗含一个把家长的关系作为重点的自觉的从孩子到父母的转换，也许正是这个隐含的用意引起了关于这个动词批评性的保留。然而，这个用法也反映了广泛的现实认识，即要求父母的活动扩展到超出直接与孩子的相互作用，这个相互作用在 child raising 这个短语中有所强调。 因此，由学校和国家专门部门向年轻家长提供的 parenting 课， 不仅包括传统上与抚养孩子有关的事务，而且还包括诸如个人自给自足、家庭财政管理和同学校和保健部门打交道的方法等课题 参见 father〔midwife〕The wordmidwife is the sort of word whose etymology is perfectly clear until one tries to figure it out.Wife would seem to refer to the woman giving birth, who is usually a wife,butmid ? A knowledge of older senses of words helps us with this puzzle.Wife in its earlier history meant "woman,” as it still did when the compoundmidwife was formed in Middle English (first recorded around 1300). Mid is probably a preposition, meaning "together with.”Thus amidwife was literally a "with woman" or "a woman who assists other women in childbirth.” Even though obstetrics has been rather resistant to midwifery until fairly recently,the etymology ofobstetric is rather similar, going back to the Latin wordobstetrīx, "a midwife,” from the verbobstāre, "to stand in front of,” and the feminine suffix -trix; theobstetrīx would thus literally stand in front of the baby. 单词midwife 属于那类语源看起来相当明了的词， 可当人们试着搞清楚时，才发现并不那么简单。Wife 似乎是指临产的妇女， 通常都身为人妇，但是mid 指的是什么呢？ 通过了解词语原有的含义我们可以解开这个谜。Wife 早期时意指“妇女”， 当midwife 这个复合词在中古英语中形成的时候它仍然有此含义（首次记载于1300年前后）。 Mid 有可能是个介词， 意为“与…在一起”。这样midwife 字面上的意思就是“与妇女在一起”或者“帮助临产妇女生产的妇女”。 虽然直到近期产科学还一直抵制助产术一词，但是obstetric 的语源却与其很相似。 它可以上溯到拉丁词语obstetrix 意为“接生者”， 该词由动词obstare “站在…的前面”再加上阴性后缀 -trix 构成； 于是obstetrix 这个词字面上的意思是站在婴儿前面的人 |
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