| 单词 | 这些 |
| 释义 | 〔imagination〕handled the problems with great imagination.以高超的智慧处理这些问题〔function〕The central meaning shared by these nouns is "the actions and activities assigned to, required of, or expected of a person": 这些名词所共有的中心意思是“指派给、需要或期望某人完成的行动或活动” 〔tag〕These tags of wit and wisdom bore me.这些了无新意的格言使我厌烦〔forte〕The central meaning shared by these nouns is "something at which a person is particularly skilled": 这些名词共有的中心意思是“一个人特别擅长的某方面”： 〔outside〕We have no other information outside the figures already given.除了已提供的这些数字外，我们没有其它信息〔nautical〕The central meaning shared by these adjectives is "of or relating to the sea, ships, shipping, sailors, or navigation": 这些形容词共同的中心意思是“属于或关于海洋、船舶、航海、海员或航行的”： 〔bulwark〕 Parapet applies to any low fortification, typically a wall atop a rampart.Of these wordsbulwark, barricade, rampart, and bastion are the most frequently used to refer figuratively to something regarded as being a safeguard or a source of protection: Parapet 指低矮的防御工事，典型的是壁垒上的墙。Bulwark, barricade, rampart 和 bastion 这些词是最常用来指那些被认为是防御或保护物的东西的词： 〔boredom〕The central meaning shared by these nouns is "a condition of mental weariness, listlessness, and discontent": 这些名词所共有的中心意思是“精神疲倦、无精打采和不满的状态”： 〔lizard〕Leather made from the skin of one of these reptiles.蜥蜴皮：这些爬行动物外皮所制成的皮革〔outlive〕These verbs all mean to live or exist longer than another person or thing.这些动词都指比别的人或事物活得时间长。〔ozonide〕Any of various, often explosive chemicals formed by attachment of ozone to the double bond of an unsaturated compound and used in analytical chemistry to locate such bonds.臭氧化物：任一种有爆炸性的化学物质，由不饱和化合物的双键上添加臭氧形成的，并用在分析化学中确定这些键的位置〔away〕chipped the paint away; cleared away the debris.刮除油漆；清除这些瓦砾〔predilection〕The central meaning shared by these nouns is "a predisposition to favor a particular person, thing, point of view, or course of action": 这些名词共有的意义是指“喜爱某一特定的人、事、观点或行为方式”： 〔certain〕The central meaning shared by these adjectives is "impossible to avoid or evade": 这些形容词共有的一个中心意思为“不可能避免或躲避”： 〔chafe〕The central meaning shared by these verbs is "to wear down or rub away a surface by or as if by scraping": 这些动词共有的一个中心意思是“以或似以刮擦的方式磨掉或擦去表面”： 〔fate〕The central meaning shared by these nouns is "something that is inevitably destined to happen to a person": 这些名词共有的意思是“将在一个人身上发生的不可避免的事”： 〔fair〕These adjectives mean free from favoritism, self-interest, or bias in judgment.这些形容词表示不偏袒、不自私或在判断中无偏见。〔financial〕These adjectives mean of or relating to money ( 这些形容词的意思都与钱有关（ 〔teem〕The central meaning shared by these verbs is "to be abundantly filled or richly supplied": 这些动词共有的中心意思是“大量地充满或丰富地供应”： 〔dirty〕These adjectives apply to what is unclean, impure, or unkempt.这些形容词都用于指不干净、不纯净或邋遢的东西。〔deny〕The central meaning shared by these verbs is "to refuse to admit the existence, truth, or value of": 这些动词共有的中心意思是：“拒绝承认某事物的存在、真实性或价值”： 〔stove〕A stove to us is something we expect to find in a room,but at one timea stove was a room,specifically, a room for taking a hot-air or steam bath (first recorded in 1456).Around 1545 the word is recorded with reference to another room, such as a bedroom, heated with a furnace.The devices used to heat these rooms came to be calledstoves as well, a use first found sometime between 1550 and 1625.Of course, heating devices that we would callstoves had long been in existence, going back to Roman times.However, the stove as the chief cooking device, taking the place of the fireplace, dates only to around the mid-19th century with the widespread use of wood-burning or coal-burning cooking stoves.对于我们来说，火炉是我们可以在屋内找到的东西，但是有一段时间，这种东西指的是一个房间，尤其是取得热空气或供蒸汽浴的房间（首次记载于1456年）。1545年前后，该词又记载了另一含义，指另一种带有火炉取暖的房间，如卧室。这些屋内用于取暖的器具也被称作stoves， 该用法首次发现于1550年到1625年间。当然，我们称为stoves 的加热器具已经很久以前就存在了， 可以上溯到古罗马时期。但是，该词代替壁炉成为主要的烹饪器具只能追溯到19世纪中期，那时以木材或煤作燃料的烹饪火炉得到大规模地推广使用〔charismatic〕Of, relating to, or characterized by charisma:有魅力的：有魅力或领袖气质的、与此有关的或具有这些特点的：〔fragrance〕The central meaning shared by these nouns is "a pleasant or sweet odor": 这些名词的中心意思都是“令人愉悦的或甜甜的味道”： 〔Spackle〕"Some professional spacklers can do this with a 5-inch knife"(Newsday)“一些职业的涂抹工能用一把5英寸长的小刀做到这些”(新闻日报)〔Lammas〕August 1, the day on which these feasts were celebrated.8月1日，在这一天庆祝这些节日〔moral〕These adjectives mean in accord with principles or rules of right or good conduct.这些形容词意为符合正确或好的行为的原则或规则。〔introduce〕The central meaning shared by these verbs is "to put or set a person or thing into, between, or among others": 这些动词所共有的中心意思是“放置或安排人或物于他人或他物之内、之间或之中”： 〔starstruck〕"The star-struck tone of the text suggests that the author is giving us an exclusive peek into the secret lives of the justices"(Richard A. Epstein)“这篇文章的星迷口吻说明作者对这些法官的秘密生活有独到的见解”(理查德A.爱泼斯坦)〔liberate〕some fine brandy we had liberated from the Germans during World War II.这些上好的白兰地是我们在二战期间从德国人手里夺来的〔library〕A collection of such materials, especially when systematically arranged.藏书：这些资料的集合，尤指系统地、有规则地排列的藏书〔bombast〕"I hate . . . that air/Of claptrap, which your recent poets prize" (Byron). “我憎恨…这种哗众取宠的氛围，而你们这些诗人却追求这些” （拜伦）。〔scarce〕The phrasescarce excerpt, if it ever should occur to one, is an excellent example of how two intimately related words can diverge from one another in form while passing from one language to another over the centuries.Both words can be traced back to the Latin wordexcerpo (past participle stem excerpt- ), meaning "to pick out,” "to pick out mentally,” and "to select a passage for quotation.”This is clearly the ultimate source of our nounexcerpt (first recorded before 1638) and verb (first recorded around 1536), a past participle usage already being recorded in the 15th century. A more tangled path leads to our wordscarce. It is assumed that side by side with Latinexcerpere existed the Vulgar Latin form .excarpere. .Excarpsus, an adjective formed with the past participle of .excarpere in Vulgar Latin, meant "narrow, cramped,” and from this Vulgar Latin form came the Old French wordéchars, "insufficient, cramped,” and "stingy.” The Old French word, which existed in a variety of forms in Old French,includingscars and the chiefly Old North French form escarse, was borrowed into Middle English asscarse, being first recorded in a manuscript written around 1300.如果人们能够想到scarce excerpt 这个词语， 是一个说明两个关系密切的词语如何历经几个世纪，在一种语言转化到另一种语言的同时从一种形式转化到另一种形式的极佳例子。两个词可追溯到拉丁词excerpo （过去分词词根为 excerpt- )， 意为“选出”、“在思想上进行选择”和“为了引用而选择一个段落”。很清楚，名词excerpt （第一次记录于1638年前）和动词（首次记录于约1536年）及过去分词用法的最终词源，在15世纪时就已经被记录下来。 词语scarce 的变化更为复杂。 据猜测与拉丁文中excerpere 同时存在的有拉丁俗语形式 excarpere。 Excarpsus在拉丁俗语中是由 excarpere 的过去分词形成的，意为“狭窄的、受限制的”， 从这一拉丁俗语形式形成了古法语词echars ，意为“不足的、受限制的”及“吝啬的”。 这些在古法语中以多种形式存在的古法语词，包括scars 和北部古法语的主要形式 escarse ， 被引入中世纪英语中成为scarse ， 在1300年左右第一次被记载在一手稿本中〔clean〕The central meaning shared by these adjectives is "free from dirt": 这些形容词共有的中心意义为“脱离尘埃的”： 〔inflection〕An alternation of the form of a word by adding affixes, as in Englishdogs from dog, or by changing the form of a base, as in English spoke from speak, that indicates grammatical features such as number, person, mood, or tense. 字尾变化：通过加词缀来改变一个词的形式，比如在英语中，dogs 一词以 dog 一词转换而来；也表示通过改变词本身，如英语中的 spoke 是从 speak 一词变来的；这些词缀增减和词本身的变化表示了数、人称、语态或时态等语法特征 〔wonder〕The central meaning shared by these nouns is "one that evokes amazement or admiration": 这些名词共同表达的中心意思是“引起惊愕或羡慕的原因”： 〔elm〕The wood of one of these trees.榆木：这些榆树中的一种木材〔dictate〕The central meaning shared by these verbs is "to set forth expressly and authoritatively": 这些动词共有的中心意思的“明确和权威地阐述”： 〔anger〕These nouns denote varying degrees of marked displeasure.这些名词表示不同程度的不快。〔save〕These verbs are compared in the sense of freeing a person or thing from danger, evil, confinement, or servitude.这些动词意为使人或事物免于危险、邪恶、受困或奴役，其比较如下面所述。 |
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