单词 | 进化论 |
释义 | 〔Scopes〕American teacher who violated a state law by teaching the theory of evolution in a Tennessee high school. His trial (July 1925) was a highly publicized confrontation between defense attorney Clarence Darrow and the director of the prosecution William Jennings Bryan. Scopes was found guilty and fined a nominal sum, but his conviction was later reversed on technical grounds.斯科普斯,约翰·托马斯:(1900-1970) 美国一教师,因在田纳西州的一所中学里讲授进化论而违反了州法。对他的审判(1925年7月)是辩护律师克拉仑斯·达柔和原告律师长威廉·詹尼斯·布赖恩之间的公开的高度对抗。斯科普斯被确认为有罪而且被罚了一点微不足道的罚金,但对他的判决后果由于技术方面的理由后来得到平反〔Drummond〕British clergyman and writer who sought to reconcile Christianity with evolution.德拉蒙,亨利:(1851-1897) 英国牧师与作家,生前致力于基督教与进化论的融合〔Lamarck〕French naturalist whose ideas about evolution influenced Darwin's theory.拉马克,简·巴蒂斯特·皮尔·安东尼·德·莫奈:(1744-1829) 法国博物学家,他关于进化论的观点对达尔文的理论产生过影响〔Darwin〕British physician, scientist, reformer, and poet whoseZoonomia (1794-1796) anticipated the evolutionary theories of his grandson Charles. 达尔文,伊拉斯谟:(1731-1802) 英国医生、科学家、改革家和诗人,其《动物生物学》 (1794-1796年)是他的孙子查理进化论的先驱 〔edifice〕observations that provided the foundation for the edifice of evolutionary theory.观察为进化论的理论大厦打下了基础〔Wallace〕British naturalist who developed a concept of evolution that paralleled the work of Charles Darwin. His works includeThe Geographical Distribution of Animals (1876). 华莱士,阿尔弗烈德·拉塞尔:(1823-1913) 英国博物学家,发展了进化论,其贡献可与查尔斯·达尔文相媲美。他的作品包括《动物的地理分布》 (1876年) 〔Owen〕British anatomist and paleontologist who was superintendent of the natural history department at the British Museum (1856-1884) and an early opponent of Darwin's theories of evolution.欧文,理查德:(1804-1892) 英国解剖学家和古生物学家,他是大英博物馆(1856-1884年)自然历史部的负责人,也是早期的达尔文的进化论的反对者〔Huxley〕British biologist who championed Darwin's theory of evolution. His works includeZoological Evidences as to Man's Place in Nature (1863) and Science and Culture (1881). 赫胥黎,托马斯·亨利:(1825-1895) 英国生物学家,达尔文进化论的支持者。他的著作包括《动物学中人类在自然中地位的证明》 (1863年)和 《科学与文化》 (1881年) 〔Bergson〕French philosopher and writer whose widely influential works, includingCreative Evolution (1907) and The Creative Mind (1934), largely concern the importance of intuition as a means of attaining knowledge and the élan vital present in all living things. He won the 1927 Nobel Prize for literature. 伯格森,亨利·路易斯:(1859-1941) 法国哲学家、作家、其具有广泛影响的著作,如《创造进化论》 (1907年)和 《创造思维》 (1934年),主要论述直觉作为一种获得知识的方法的重要性及在所有生物中存在的生命冲动。他获1927年诺贝尔文学奖 〔evolution〕The theory that groups of organisms change with passage of time, mainly as a result of natural selection, so that descendants differ morphologically and physiologically from their ancestors.进化论:主要由于自然选择的结果,生物体群经历了阶段性的变化,使后代在形态和生理上都与它们的祖先有所不同的理论〔Rafinesque〕French-American naturalist whose thoughts on the origin of plant species presaged Darwin's theory of evolution.拉菲内斯克,康斯坦丁·萨谬尔:(1783-1840) 法裔美国自然学家,他对物种起源的想法预示了达尔文进化论(的出现)〔Darwin〕British naturalist who revolutionized the study of biology with his theory of evolution based on natural selection. His most famous works includeOrigin of Species (1859) and The Descent of Man (1871). 达尔文,查尔斯·罗伯特:(1809-1882) 英国自然学家,以自然选择为基础的进化论学说彻底改革了生物学的研究。他最著名的著作包括《物种起源》 (1859年)和 《人类的遗传》 (1871年) 〔evolutionism〕A theory of biological evolution, especially that formulated by Charles Darwin.进化论:生物进化理论,尤指查尔斯·达尔文系统陈述的理论〔Spencer〕British philosopher who attempted to apply the theory of evolution to philosophy and ethics in his seriesSynthetic Philosophy (1855-1893). 斯宾塞,赫伯特:(1820-1903) 英国哲学家,他试图在其系列论著《合成哲学》 (1855-1893年)中将进化论运用于哲学及伦理学 |
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