| 单词 | 进退两难 |
| 释义 | 〔modernity〕"Warriors of the . . . tribe, imposing symbols of a nomadic culture . . . are caught between tradition and modernity"(Sheila Rule)“这个…部落的勇士，作为游牧文化的令人赞叹的象征，在传统和现代性中间进退两难”(谢拉·路勒)〔predicament〕"If we get left on this wreck we are in a fix" (Mark Twain).Apickle is a disagreeable, embarrassing, or troublesome predicament: “要是被留在失事船上，我们便会陷入进退两难的困境” （马克·吐温）。Pickle 是指讨厌、尴尬或麻烦的困境： 〔devil〕Between two equally unacceptable choices.进退两难：处于两个都不能接受的选择之间〔between〕My roommates disagreed and I was caught in between.我的室友不同意，我被夹在中间进退两难〔when〕In informal stylewhen is often used after be in definitions: A dilemma is when you don't know which way to turn. The construction is useful,but it is widely regarded as incorrect or as unsuitable for formal discourse.In formal style there is no alternative but to rephrase such definitions to avoidis when : A dilemma is a situation in which you don't know which way to turn. You are in a dilemma when you don't know which way to turn. 在非正式文体中when 常在定义中用在 be 后面： 进退两难就是当你不知道该走哪条路的时候。 这个结构是有用的，但被广泛认为它对正式交谈来说是不正确的或者是不合适的。在正式文体中没有替代词，只能改变措辞以避免is when ： 进退两难就是这样一个你不知道该怎么办的处境。 当你不知道你该做什么时你就处于进退两难的维谷了 〔dilemma〕Ph.D. students who haven't completed their dissertations by the time their fellowships expire face a difficult dilemma:哲学博士生们在研究生职位期限终止时还没有完成其论文就要面临一种进退两难的境地：〔aye〕"between the Scylla and Charybdis of Aye and No"(John Henry Newman)“在赞成和反对的之间进退两难”(约翰·亨利·纽曼)〔check〕The wordscheck , chess , and shah are all related. Shah, as one might think, is a borrowing into English of the Persian title for the monarch of that country.The Persian wordshāh was also a term used in chess, a game played in Persia long before it was introduced to Europe.One saidshāh as a warning when the opponent's king was under attack. The Persian word in this sense,after passing through Arabic,probably Old Spanish, and then Old French,came into Middle English aschek about seven hundred years ago. Chess itself comes from a plural form of the Old French word that gave us the word check. Checkmate, the next stage after check, goes back to the Arabic phraseshāh māt, meaning "the king is stymied.”Through a complex development having to do with senses that evolved from the notion of checking the king,check came to mean something used to ensure accuracy or authenticity. One such means was a counterfoil, a part of a check, for example,retained by the issuer as documentation of a transaction.Check first meant "counterfoil" and then came to mean anything,such as a bill or bank draft, with a counterfoil—or eventually even without one.单词check ， chess 和 shah 是互相关联的。 Shah 就象有人可能想象的那样， 是英语里的外来词，原指波斯国王的称号。波斯词语shah 也是国际象棋中的术语， 国际象棋在被引进欧洲之前早就在波斯流传。当对手的“国王”受到攻击时我们说shah 作为一种警告。 这个意义的波斯单词，通过阿拉伯语，可能还有古西班牙语和后来的古法语，大约在七百年前被收入中世纪英语中chek 。 Chess 本身来自于古法语 check 的复数形式。 Checkmate ，是 check 的下一步， 来自于阿拉伯短语shah mat， 意思是“国王进退两难”。从对“国王”将军这个概念演化而来，check 的含义经历了复杂的发展过程，它后来指用以确保准确性或真实性的某种东西。 例如，其中一个含义是指作为支票的一部分的存根，由签发支票的人保留作为交易的单据。Check 最初是指“存根”， 后来指任何有存根的东西，如帐单或银行汇票等，最后甚至指没有存根的东西〔hole〕An awkward situation; a predicament.进退两难的处境；困境〔dilemma〕A situation that requires a choice between options that are or seem equally unfavorable or mutually exclusive.进退两难：需要在相等或相互排斥的选择物之间进行选择的处境 |
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