| 单词 | 迦太基 |
| 释义 | 〔Utica〕An ancient city of northern Africa on the Mediterranean Sea northwest of Carthage. According to tradition, it was founded c. 1100b.c. by Phoenicians from Tyre. The city declined in the first century b.c. and was finally destroyed by the Arabs c. a.d. 700. 尤蒂卡：非洲北部的一古代城市，临近地中海，位于迦太基的西北。据传它是于公元前 1000年左右由蒂尔城来腓尼基人创立的。此城于 公元前 1世纪左右衰落，最后于 公元 700年左右被阿拉伯人摧毁 〔Tertullian〕Carthaginian theologian who converted to Christianity (c. 193), broke with the Catholic Church (c. 207), and formed his own schismatic sect. His writings greatly influenced Western theology.德尔图良：迦太基基督教神学家，大约于公元193年依附基督教，约207年与天主教教会分裂并建立了自己的分裂性教派。他的著作对西方神学影响极大〔Carthage〕An ancient city and state of northern Africa on the Bay of Tunis northeast of modern Tunis. It was founded by the Phoenicians in the ninth centuryb.c. and became the center of Carthaginian power in the Mediterranean after the sixth century b.c. The city was destroyed by the Romans at the end of the Third Punic War (146 b.c. ) but was rebuilt by Julius Caesar and later ( a.d. 439-533) served as capital of the Vandals before its virtual annihilation by the Arabs (698). 迦太基：非洲北部一古代城邦，位于今突尼斯东北部突尼斯湾沿岸。由腓尼基人于公元前 9世纪创立，并在 公元前 6世纪之后成为地中海上迦太基政权中心。该城在第三次布匿战争结束时（ 公元前 146年）被罗马人毁灭，但不久即被尤里乌斯·凯撒重建，此后（ 公元 439-533年）在被阿拉伯人灭掉之前（1698年）是汪尔达人的首都 〔Regulus〕Roman general and politician who was captured by the Carthaginians (255). Giving his word to return to Carthage, he was sent to Rome to negotiate a peace treaty but instead convinced the Romans to reject the Carthaginian terms. He subsequently returned to Carthage, where he died in prison.雷古卢斯，马库斯·阿蒂留斯：(卒于 250) 罗马将军和政治家，被迦太基人俘虏（公元前255年）许诺重新回到迦太基后，他被送到罗马去谈判一个和平条约。但他反而说服罗马人拒绝了迦太基人的条款。他随后回到了迦太基，死于狱中〔Scipio〕Roman general and politician who commanded the final destruction of Carthage (146) in the Third Punic War.小西庇阿，普布留斯·科内利乌斯：(185?-129) 罗马将军和政治家，曾在第三次布匿战争中最终摧毁迦太基(146年）〔Hanno〕Carthaginian political leader who opposed the policy of conquest during the Second Punic War (218-201). After Hannibal's defeat (202) Hanno negotiated a treaty with the Romans.汉诺：迦太基政治领袖，在第二次布匿战争（公元前218年-公元前201年）期间反对征服政策，在汉尼拔被击败（公元前202年）之后，汉诺同罗马人签定了和约〔Tunis〕A former Barbary state on the northern coast of Africa south and west of the ancient city of Carthage. It was conquered by the Turks in 1575 and later became a French protectorate (1881).突尼斯：曾是巴巴里诸国之一，位于非洲北部海岸，古城迦太基的西方与南方，1575年被土耳其人征服，后来成为法国的保护国(1881年）〔Hasdrubal〕Carthaginian general who attempted to establish military dominance on the Iberian Peninsula during the Second Punic War but was defeated by Roman forces (207).哈斯德鲁伯：在第二次迦太基战争期间曾试图在伊比利亚半岛建立军事统治的迦太基将军，但于207年被罗马军队打败〔Dido〕The founder and queen of Carthage, who fell in love with Aeneas and killed herself when he abandoned her.传说中的迦太基女王：迦太基的创建者和王后，与埃涅阿斯坠入情网，在被抛弃后自杀〔Tunis〕The capital and largest city of Tunisia, in the northern part of the country on theGulf of Tunis, an inlet of the Mediterranean Sea. It occupies a site near the ruins of ancient Carthage. Population, 550,404. 突尼斯：突尼斯的首都和第一大城市，位于该国的北部，临突尼斯湾 -地中海的一个海湾。该市位于方城迦太基的遗址附近。人口550,404 〔Phoenicia〕An ancient maritime country of southwest Asia consisting of city-states along the eastern Mediterranean Sea in present-day Syria and Lebanon. Its people became the foremost navigators and traders of the Mediterranean by 1250b.c. and established numerous colonies, including Carthage in northern Africa. The Phoenicians traveled to the edges of the known world at the time and introduced their alphabet, based on symbols for sounds rather than cuneiform or hieroglyphic representations, to the Greeks and other early peoples. Phoenicia's culture was gradually absorbed by Persian and later Hellenistic civilizations. 腓尼基：亚洲西南部的一个古代海边国家，由地中海东部沿岸的城邦组成，位于今叙利亚和黎巴嫩境内。直到公元前 1250年，腓尼基人一直是地中海地区最闻名的航海家和商人，并建立了许多殖民地，包括北非的迦太基。腓尼基人到过当时所知的世界边缘，他们把基于声音符号而不是楔形或象形文字的字母表，介绍给希腊人和其他早期民族。腓尼基文化逐步地被波斯文化和后来的古希腊文化所吸收 〔Hannibal〕Carthaginian general who crossed the Alps in 218 with about 35,000 men and routed Roman armies at Lake Trasimeno (217) and Cannae (216). He was later defeated at the Battle of Zama (202).汉尼拔：迦太基将军，他在公元前218年率大约35,000 人穿越阿尔卑斯山并且在特拉西梅诺湖（公元前217年）和坎尼（公元前216年）彻底击溃罗马军队。后来在扎马战役( 公元前202年）被击败〔Genseric〕King of the Vandals (428-477) who invaded Africa from Spain (429), captured Carthage and made it his capital (439), and sacked Rome (455).亨塞里奥：汪达尔帝国（428-477年）的国王，他从西班牙入侵非洲，占领了迦太基并把它作为首都（439年），后来劫掠了罗马（455年）〔Numidia〕An ancient country of northwest Africa corresponding roughly to present-day Algeria. It was part of the Carthaginian empire before the Punic Wars and became a separate kingdom after 201b.c. Conquered by Rome in 46 b.c. and invaded by the Vandals in the fifth century a.d. , Numidia was overrun by the Arabs in the eighth century. 努米底亚：非洲西北部的一个古国，大致在今天的阿尔及利亚。在古迦太基战争前是迦太基帝国的一部分，公元前 20年成为独立王国， 公元前 46年被罗马征服， 公元后 5世纪被汪达尔人侵略，8世纪大批阿拉伯人来到努米底亚 〔Valencia〕also [bä-lĕnʹthyä] A region and former kingdom of eastern Spain on the Mediterranean coast south of Catalonia. Inhabited by Iberian peoples in early times, it was colonized by Greek and Carthaginian traders and fell to the Moors in the eighth century. The Cid ruled the region and the city of Valencia from 1094 until his death in 1099. 也作 [bä-lĕnʹthyä] 巴伦西亚：西班牙东部的一个地区和以前的王国，位于卡特罗尼亚以南的地中海海岸线上，早期由伊比利亚人定居于此，希腊人和迦太基商人将其变成殖民地并于8世纪落入摩尔人手中，熙德从1094年直至其在1099年死亡一直统治着这个地区和巴伦西亚城市〔Donatist〕after Donatus , fourth-century a.d. ecclesiastic and rival claimant of the bishopric of Carthage 源自 多纳图斯 ，公元 4世纪传教士和迦太基主教职位的竞争者 〔Segesta〕An ancient city of northwest Sicily near modern-day Alcamo. Traditionally a Trojan colony, it was a Carthaginian dependency after c. 400b.c. but declined during the first century. 塞杰斯塔：西西里岛西北部的一座古城，位于今阿尔卡莫附近。曾是特洛伊殖民地，在公元前 400年之后为迦太基的保护地，但在公元1世纪衰落 〔Constantine〕A city of northeast Algeria east of Algiers. It was founded by Carthaginians and was the capital and commercial center of Numidia. Destroyed in warfare ina.d. 311, it was rebuilt by Constantine I and named in his honor. Population, 344,454. 君士坦丁：阿尔及利亚东北部一城市，位于阿尔及尔以东，为迦太基所建，曾是努比亚国的首都和商业中心，公元 311年毁于战争，后被君士坦丁一世重建，为纪念他而以他的名字命名。人口344,454 〔Zama〕An ancient town of northern Africa southwest of Carthage in present-day northern Tunisia. The Romans decisively defeated Hannibal here in the final battle of the Second Punic War (202b.c. ). 扎马：北非一古老城镇，位于迦太基西南，在今突尼斯北部。在第二次布匿克战争(公元前 202年）的最后一战中，罗马军在此彻底地打败了汉尼拔的军队 〔map〕[perhaps of Carthaginian origin] [可能来源于迦太基语] 〔gorilla〕Two traditions of exploration come together in the history of the wordgorilla, which also illustrates how knowledge of the classics has influenced scientific terminology.Dr. Thomas S. Savage, an American missionary to western Africa,first described the gorilla in 1847, giving it the New Latin nameTroglodytes gorilla. In doing so he was using his knowledge of Greek literature,in which there exists a fourth-centuryb.c. translation of a report written by Hanno, another visitor to western Africa. This Carthaginian navigator,who voyaged before 480b.c. , went as far as Sierra Leone in his explorations.In the Greek translation of his reporthe tells of seeingGorillai, the name of which he allegedly learned from local informantsand which he thought were members of a tribe of hairy women.In fact they were probably the same creatures that Thomas Savage described about 24 centuries later.在涉及到gorilla 这个词的历史时，传说中的两次探险可以联系在一起， 这同样也证明了古典文学对科学术语命名的影响。汤姆斯·S·萨维奇医生，到西非传教的美国传教士，在1847年第一次描述了大猩猩并给它起了个新拉丁语名字Troglodytes gorilla 。 在命名时他就用了希腊文学知识，这个命名也同样出现在一本公元前 4世纪安诺写的见闻译本里，安诺也到过西非。 这位迦太基航海家，公元前 480年之前开始出航， 在他的探险过程中，最远到达过塞拉利昂。在他写见闻的希腊译本里，他说他见到了Gorillai ， 据他自己声称他是从当地向导那儿学到这个名字的，并认为它是指多毛女人部落的成员。实际上他们可能是大约24世纪以后汤姆斯·萨奇所描述的同样的动物〔Tripolitania〕A historical region of northern Africa bordering on the Mediterranean Sea. Originally a Phoenician colony, it was later held by Carthage, Numidia, and Rome (after 46b.c. ). Tripolitania fell to the Vandals in a.d. 435, to the Arabs in the seventh century, and finally to the Ottoman Turks in 1553. 的黎波里塔尼亚：非洲北部历史上的一个地区，临地中海。起初，它是腓尼基的一个殖民地，后来分别被迦太基、努米底亚和罗马占领（公元前 46年之后）。的黎波里塔尼亚在 公元 435年落入汪达尔人的统治，7世纪被阿拉伯人占领，最后于1553年被奥斯曼土耳其人占领 |
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