| 单词 | 迷信 |
| 释义 | 〔Rabelais〕French humanist and writer of satirical attacks on medieval scholasticism and superstition, most notablyPantagruel (1532) and Gargantua (1534). 拉伯雷，弗朗索瓦：(1494?-1553) 法国人文主义者，作品对中世纪经院哲学和迷信进行讽刺，最著名的作品为《庞大固埃》 （1532年）和 《卡冈都亚》 （1534年） 〔usual〕"It is the customary fate of new truths to begin as heresies and to end as superstitions" (Thomas H. Huxley). “新真理的通常命运是开始被视作异端，到最后又被视作迷信” （汤玛土·H·赫胥黎）。 〔obeah〕An object, a charm, or a fetish used in the practice of this religion.奥比巫术使用的物品、符咒或迷信物〔fetish〕An abnormally obsessive preoccupation or attachment; a fixation.迷恋，迷信（物）：不正常地萦绕于心头的事物或情感；固恋〔superstitious〕Of, characterized by, or proceeding from superstition.迷信的：受迷信思想支配的或由迷信引起的〔demythologize〕"providing an antiheroic age with heroes suitably demythologized, yet also grand"(John Simon)“适当地去除英雄的神话色彩，（但他们仍然是崇高的），以造就一个不要过分迷信英雄的时代”(约翰·西蒙)〔Lucretius〕Roman philosopher and poet who is famous forDe Rerum Natura ( On the Nature of Things ), a long poem that attempts to explain the universe in scientific terms in order to free people from superstition and fear of the unknown. 卢克莱修：罗马的哲学家和诗人。他的《De Rerum Natura》 （ 《论量物的本性》 ），是一首为了把人们从迷信和对不可知的恐惧中解放出来试图用科学词汇解释宇宙的长诗 〔superstitious〕Inclined to believe in superstition.信迷信的：趋向于相信迷信的〔eerie〕Suggestive of the supernatural; mysterious.See Synonyms at weird 神秘怪异的：带点迷信的；神秘的 参见 weird〔and〕It is frequently asserted that sentences beginning withand or but express "incomplete thoughts" and are therefore incorrect. But this rule was ridiculed by grammarians like Wilson Follett (who ascribed it to "schoolmarmish rhetoric") and H.W. Fowler (who called it a "superstition"),and the stricture has been ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Virginia Woolf.Members of the Usage Panel were asked whether they paid attention to the rule in their own writing:24 percent answered "always or usually,” 36 percent answered "sometimes,” and 40 percent answered "rarely or never.”See Usage Note at both ,but ,try ,with 通常认为用and 或 but 开始的句子表达“不完整的思想”，因而是不正确的。 但这条规则被一些语法学家所嘲弄，如威尔逊·弗莱特（称之为“古板的修辞”），和H·W福勒（称之为“迷信”），从莎士比亚到弗吉尼亚·沃尔夫之间的作家都忽视了这条规定。当用法专题小组的成员被问到在他们的自己写作中是否也注意到这条规则时：24%的人回答“一直是这样或一般是这样”，36%的人回答“有时这样”，40%的人回答“很少或从来没有” 参见 both,but,try,with〔innate〕"that ignorance and superstitiousness hereditary to all sailors" (Herman Melville).“无知和迷信对海员来说是传统遗留的” （赫尔曼·麦尔维尔）〔lousewort〕[From the belief that sheep feeding on it were prone to lice] [由一种认为羊食后会受害虫所害的迷信而来] 〔alternative〕Some traditionalists hold thatalternative should be used only in situations where the number of choices involved is exactly two, because of the word's historical relation to Latinalter, "the other of two.” H.W. Fowler, among others, has considered this restriction a fetish.The Usage Panel is evenly divided on the issue, with 49 percent accepting the sentenceOf the three alternatives, the first is the least distasteful. · Alternative is also sometimes used to refer to a variant or substitute in cases where there is no element of choice involved, as inWe will do our best to secure alternative employment for employees displaced by the closing of the factory. This sentence is unacceptable to 60 percent of the Usage Panel. ·Alternative should not be confused with alternate. Correct usage requiresThe class will meet on alternate (not alternative ) Tuesdays. 有些持传统观点的人认为alternative 只能严格地用在二者择一的情况下， 因为这个词来源于拉丁语alter ，意思是“二者中的另外一个”。 包括H.W.福勒的其他人认为这种限制是一种迷信。用法专题小组中持这两种意见的人各占一半，49％的人都接受这句话在三个选项中，第一个是最不让人讨厌的。 · Alternative 如果没有供选择的成分存在，其有时也指一个变体或替换的事物， 如我们将尽全力保证因工厂倒闭而离开岗位的雇员以某种方式就业。 语言用法专题小组中60％的人不接受这句话。Alternative 不能和 alternate混淆。 正确的用法要求全班每隔 （不是 alternative ） 星期二 见一次面。 〔Hippocrates〕Greek physician who laid the foundations of scientific medicine by freeing medical study from the constraints of philosophical speculation and superstition. He is traditionally but inaccurately considered the author of the Hippocratic oath.希波克拉底：希腊名医，通过把医学研究从学推断和迷信中解放出来来奠定了科学的医学的基础，传统上认为他是《希波克拉底誓言》的作者，但这一说法不准确〔bigot〕A bigot may have more in common with God than one might think.Legend has it that Rollo, the first duke of Normandy, refused to kiss the foot of the French king Charles III,uttering the phrasebi got, his borrowing of the assumed Old English equivalent of our expressionby God. Although this story is almost certainly apocryphal,it is true thatbigot was used by the French as a term of abuse for the Normans, but not in a religious sense. Later, however, the word, or very possibly a homonym,was used abusively in French for the Beguines, members of a Roman Catholic lay sisterhood.From the 15th century on Old Frenchbigot meant "an excessively devoted or hypocritical person.” Bigot is first recorded in English in 1598 with the sense "a superstitious hypocrite.” 一个偏执的人往往比人们想象的更接近上帝。传说第一位诺曼底公爵罗洛拒绝亲吻法国皇帝查理三世的脚时，说了bi got 这个词， 他是借用了假设的古英语里的词。其相当于我们今天的by God （老天作证）这一用法。 尽管这个故事肯定不足为信，但bigot 一词是确实是法国人对诺曼底人的蔑称， 然而无宗教色彩。后来，这个词，很可能是同音异义词，在法语中用来蔑指女修道者──罗马天主教姐妹会成员。从15世纪起，在古法语中，bigot 一词意为“过分虔诚或伪善的人”。 Bigot 首次以英语记载是在1598年，其意为“迷信的伪君子。” 〔superstition〕An irrational belief that an object, an action, or a circumstance not logically related to a course of events influences its outcome.迷信：认为与某一系列事件没有逻辑关系的一物体、一行为或一情况，会影响此系列事件结果的荒谬信念〔fetishism〕Excessive attachment or regard.盲目崇拜，迷信：过多的爱慕或注意〔vampirism〕Belief in vampires.对吸血鬼的迷信〔wishbone〕[From the superstition that when two people pull the bone apart a wish will be fulfilled for the person who retains the longer piece] [从迷信“当两个人共同折断一块骨头，持较长的一段的人就会如愿以偿”而来] |
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