| 单词 | 追溯 |
| 释义 | 〔derive〕To trace the origin or development of (a word).追溯：追溯（一个词的）根源或发展〔affiliate〕To assign the origin of.追溯：追溯…的起源〔retroactive〕a retroactive pay increase.应追溯补发的增加工资〔clan〕A traditional social unit in the Scottish Highlands, consisting of a number of families claiming a common ancestor and following the same hereditary chieftain.宗族：苏格兰高地的传统社会单位，由若干自认是同一祖先的后代和追溯同一世袭族长的家庭组成〔matriarchy〕A social system in which the mother is head of the family and descent is traced through the mother's side of the family.母系氏族制，母权制：母亲为一家之主和子女后代从母亲一边追溯渊源的社会体系〔descent〕a paper tracing the descent of the novel from old picaresque tales.追溯古老的传奇故事演化到小说的论文〔patrilineage〕The line of descent as traced through the paternal side of a family.父系：按父方血统追溯的族系血缘关系〔backdate〕To mark or supply with a date that is earlier than the actual date:将日期追溯到过去某时：签署或提供的日期早于实际发生的日期：〔pathography〕The retrospective study, often by a physician, of the possible influence and effects of disease on the life and work of a historical personage or group.病理描述学：医生对可能影响某一历史人物或团体的疾病的追溯研究〔Paris〕English monk and chronicler. HisChronica Majora traced the history of the world from the creation to 1259. 巴利史，马修：(1200?-1259) 英国僧侣和编年史学家，他的《大编年史》 追溯了从世界形成到1259年间的世界历史 〔deduce〕To trace the origin or derivation of.溯源：追溯…的源头或起源于…〔run〕To trace the source of:追溯：追踪…的来源：〔matrilineal〕Relating to, based on, or tracing ancestral descent through the maternal line.母系的：有关、基于或通过母系线索来追溯子孙后代的〔sleuth〕To track down the history of the wordsleuth requires a bit of etymological sleuthing in itself.The immediate ancestor of our word is the compoundsleuthhound, "a dog, such as a bloodhound, used for tracking or pursuing.”This term took on a figurative sense,"tracker, pursuer,”which is closely related to the sense "detective.”Fromsleuthhound came the shortened form sleuth, recorded in the sense "detective" as early as 1872.The first part of the termsleuthhound means "track, path, trail,” and is first recorded in a Middle English work written probably around 1200.The Middle English word, which had the formsloth, with eu representing the Scots development of the Middle English (ō), was a borrowing of the Old Norse word slōdh, "a track or trail.” 要追溯sleuth 这个词的历史， 需要进行一点词源追踪。我们这个词最直接的来源是sleuthhound 这个复合词， 它的意思是“一种用于跟踪和追逐的狗，如警犬”。这个词获得了一种修辞上的意思，“跟踪者，追逐者”，这与“侦探”这个意义非常贴近。从sleuthhound 这个词产生了其缩写的形式 sleuth ， 早在1872年就有了“侦探”这个意思的文字记载。sleuthhound 这个词的前半部意思是“路径、道路或途径”， 它最早被记载在1200年左右的中世纪英语作品中。中世纪英语中的这个词借自古代挪威语中的slōdh ，“路径或途径”，它的形式是 sloth ，其后的 eu 代表了苏格兰语对中世纪英语(ō)的发展 〔accolade〕Those who have received so many accolades that they have no fear of getting it in the neck may have to reconsider their situation.In tracingaccolade back to its Latin origins, we find that it was formed from the prefixad-, "to, on,” and the noun collum, "neck,” which may bring the wordcollar to mind. From these elements came the Vulgar Latin word.accollāre, which, in turn, was the source of Frenchaccolade, "an embrace.” An embrace was originally given to a knight when dubbing him,a fact that accounts foraccolade having the technical sense "ceremonial bestowal of knighthood,” the sense in which the word is first recorded in English in 1623.那些接受了如此多的拥吻以致不怕再在颈部接受的人，也许应考虑一下他们所处状况。追溯accolade 的拉丁文辞源， 我们可以发现它是由前缀ad- “到在…之上”之意和名词 collum， “颈部”之意， 这词使我们想起collar 一词。 从这些成分组成俗拉丁词accollare， 而这词反过来又成为法语词accolade， “拥抱”的词源。 原来是指骑士授予时所给予的拥抱，这事实可解释accolade 一词带“授予骑士称号的典礼”的意义， 这个词带这种意义在英语中是在1623年第一次使用〔patrilineal〕Relating to, based on, or tracing ancestral descent through the paternal line.父系的：与父系血统有关的；以父亲血统为基础的，按父方血统追溯的族系的〔matrilineage〕Line of descent as traced through the maternal side of a family.母系家族（或家谱）：从母亲一边追溯渊源的后代家系〔trace〕tracing the life cycle of an insect; trace the history of a family.探索一昆虫的生命周期；追溯一家族的历史〔patriarchy〕A social system in which the father is the head of the family and descent is traced through the father's side of the family.父权制社会制度：一种社会制度，父亲是家族的首脑，后代按父方家族的血统追溯〔ascent〕A going back in time or upward in genealogical succession.追本溯源：家谱系统在时间上的追溯或上溯〔Haley〕American writer best known forRoots (1976), a fictionalized chronicle tracing his family history back to its African origins. 哈利，阿列克斯：(1921-1992) 美国作家，代表作《根》 （1976年）是一部虚构的编年史的小说，它追溯作者的家族史直到其非洲发源地 〔theater〕Those who have theories about the theater are no doubt quite observant,at least the etymology of the word leads one to think so.The wordstheory and theater are related in ancestry if we look back to the Greek sources of our words. The Greek ancestor oftheater is theatron, "a place for seeing, especially for dramatic representation, theater.” Theatron is derived quite logically from the verb theasthai, "to gaze at, contemplate, view as spectators, especially in the theater,” fromthea, "a viewing.” The Greek ancestor oftheory is theōria, which meant among other things"the sending oftheōroi (state ambassadors sent to consult oracles or attend games),” "the act of being a spectator at the theater or games,” "viewing,” "contemplation by the mind,” and "theory or speculation.” The source oftheōria, theōros, "an envoy sent to consult an oracle, spectator,” is a compound of thea, "viewing,” and -oros, "seeing.” Thus, viewing is at the root of a theory and the theater.有戏剧理论的人无疑是相当善于观察的，至少这个词的词源学让我们这么想。如果我们追溯它们的希腊词源，单词theory 和 theater 的起源相关。 theater 的希腊语前身是 theatron （“尤指看喜剧表演的地方，剧院”）。 theatreon 相当符合逻辑地来自动词 theasthai （“盯着，注视，观看，尤指在剧院作为观众”）， 来自thea, “观看”。 theory 的希腊语前身是 theoria ， 其意义介于其它几件事物之间，它们是“派遣theoroi （派出咨询神谕或参加竟技会的政府使节）”“在剧院或竞技会上作为观众的行为”，“观看”，“专心注视”，和“看法和推测”。 theoria,theoros （“派出咨询神谕的使节；观众”）是 thea （“观看”）和 -oros （“看见”）的复合词。 这样，观看是theory（理论）和theater（剧院）的根源〔trace〕To ascertain the successive stages in the development or progress of:追溯，探索：确定在…的发展或进程中的各个连续阶段：〔etymologize〕To trace and state the etymology of.追溯字的词源：追溯、阐述或说明…的词源〔etymology〕The origin and historical development of a linguistic form as shown by determining its basic elements, earliest known use, and changes in form and meaning, tracing its transmission from one language to another, identifying its cognates in other languages, and reconstructing its ancestral form where possible.词源：一种语言形式的起源及其历史发展可通过确定该词或词素的基本组成部分，已知最早的用法及其形式和含义的转变，追溯它从一种语言转变为另一种语言的过程，鉴定它在其它语言中的同源词和重现它的祖传形式来展现和说明〔retrospect〕To look back on or contemplate (things past).追溯或反思（过去的事情）〔retrace〕retraced their steps.追溯他们的足迹 |
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