| 单词 | 退化 |
| 释义 | 〔dedifferentiation〕Regression of a specialized cell or tissue to a simpler, more embryonic, unspecialized form. Dedifferentiation may occur before the regeneration of appendages in plants and certain animals and in the development of some cancers.去分化，反分化：指高度分化的细胞或组织向更简单，更初期非特化的形式的退化。去分化发生在植物和某些动物的附器的再生之前，或一些癌症出现的时候〔seed〕To become weak or devitalized; deteriorate:衰老：变得虚弱或无力；退化：〔degeneracy〕The state of being degenerate.退化：堕落或退化的状态〔anaplasia〕Reversion of cells to an immature or a less differentiated form, as occurs in most malignant tumors.退行发育：细胞退化到不成熟或未变异的状态，如多数恶性肿瘤〔atrophy〕To waste away; wither or deteriorate.萎缩，衰退：废弃；凋谢或退化〔mosasaur〕Any of various very large extinct aquatic lizards of the genusMosasaurus, having modified limbs that served as paddles for swimming. These lizards, thought to have been viviparous and carnivorous, may be early ancestors of the modern monitor lizard. 沧龙：任一种沧龙属 的形体很大且已绝迹的水生蜥蜴，长有退化肢，作为游泳的桨。这些蜥蜴，尽管是胎生的食肉动物，可能是现在蜥蜴的早期祖先 〔lapse〕A deterioration or decline:后退：退化或下降：〔kiwi〕Any of several flightless birds of the genusApteryx native to New Zealand, having vestigial wings and a long, slender bill. Also called apteryx 鹬鸵：一种新西兰产的无翼属 不能飞的鸟，翼退化咀长而细 也作 apteryx〔kitsch〕Culture or civilization in a degraded state of sentimentality and vulgarity.庸俗文化：处于感伤和粗俗的退化状态的文化或文明〔scrapie〕A usually fatal disease of sheep and goats, marked by chronic itching, loss of muscular coordination, and progressive degeneration of the central nervous system.痒病：一种绵羊和山羊身上常见的致命的病，症状为间断性搔痒，肌肉协调性丧失，并且神经中枢系统逐渐退化〔atrophy〕To cause to wither or deteriorate; affect with atrophy.使萎缩，使衰退：使凋谢或退化；患萎缩〔dewclaw〕A vestigial digit or claw not reaching the ground and found on the feet of certain mammals.上爪，残留趾：退化的足趾或在一些哺乳动物脚上发现的不接触地面的爪〔orthotics〕The science that deals with the use of specialized mechanical devices to support or supplement weakened or abnormal joints or limbs.整直学，矫正学：一门研究如何利用特定机械装置支撑或填补退化或畸形的关节或四肢的科学〔loris〕Any of several small, slow-moving, nocturnal prosimian primates of the generaLoris and Nycticebus of tropical Asia, having dense woolly fur, large eyes, and a vestigial tail. 懒猴：一种亚洲热带生活的体小、行动迟缓、夜间活动的灵长目原猴亚目动物，懒猴 属和 蜂猴 属，有浓密的皮毛、大眼睛和退化的尾 〔cataplasia〕Degenerative reversion of cells or tissue to a less differentiated form.退化：细胞或组织向一种细微变异形式的退化〔involution〕A progressive decline or degeneration of normal physiological functioning occurring as a result of the aging process.退化：因老化而出现的正常身体功能的持续衰退或退化〔nephrosis〕A disease of the kidneys marked by degenerative lesions, especially of the winding uriniferous tubules.肾下垂：一种肾病，表现为退化性病变，尤其是弯曲的肾细管的损伤〔quality〕"Natural Selection, entailing Divergence of Character and the Extinction of less-improved forms" (Charles Darwin).Atrait is a single, clearly delineated characteristic, as of a person or group of people: “自然选择，特性的遗传变异和进化较慢的形式的退化” （查尔斯·达尔文）。trait 是一种单一的、清晰地描绘出的特点，如一个人或一群人的： 〔regressive〕Characterized by regression or a tendency to regress.退化的：带有退化的特征的或有退化的倾向的〔dipterous〕Of, relating to, or belonging to the Diptera, a large order of insects that includes the true flies and mosquitoes, characterized by a single pair of membranous wings and a pair of club-shaped balancing organs.双翅目的：双翅目的或与双翅目（是一个昆虫大目，包括真正的蝇、蚊，具有少数前翅有功能，后翅退化成一对小棒状构造的特性）相关的〔atresia〕The degeneration and resorption of one or more ovarian follicles before a state of maturity has been reached.退化：一个或多个卵子囊在达到成熟状态之前的退化或消失〔bilirubin〕A reddish-yellow bile pigment, C33H 36N 4O 6, derived from the degradation of heme. 胆红素：一种浅黄红色胆汁色素，C33H 36N 4O 6，由血红素退化衍生而成 〔externality〕"Our economic system treats environmental degradation as an externality—a cost that does not enter into the conventional arithmetic that determines how we use our resources"(Barry Commoner)“我们的经济系统作为外部偶然因素引起环境的退化——这个没有列入常规计算的价值决定我们如何利用我们的资源”(巴里·康芒纳)〔osteoarthritis〕A form of arthritis, occurring mainly in older persons, that is characterized by chronic degeneration of the cartilage of the joints. Also called degenerative joint disease 骨关节炎：一种症状为关节处软骨产生慢性退化的关节炎，多见于老年人 也作 degenerative joint disease〔osteolysis〕Dissolution or degeneration of bone tissue through disease.骨质溶解：疾病引起的骨组织的腐朽或退化〔degenerate〕To decline in quality:退化，变质：在质量方面下降：〔glowworm〕Any of various luminous female beetles or beetle larvae of the families Phengodidae and Lampyridae, especially the larva or wingless grublike female of a firefly.萤火虫：一种发光的萤科雌性甲虫或幼虫，尤指退化或缺翅的蛆状的雌性的发光飞虫〔nymphalid〕Any of various medium to large butterflies of the family Nymphalidae, found worldwide and characterized by vestigial forelegs and often brilliant coloring.蛱蝶：随处可见的中到大型的蛱蝶科蝴蝶，其特点是有退化的前腿，一般色彩鲜艳〔dysgenic〕Relating to or causing the deterioration of hereditary qualities in offspring.劣生的：有关或引起后代种族质量退化的〔myxedema〕A disease caused by decreased activity of the thyroid gland in adults and characterized by dry skin, swellings around the lips and nose, mental deterioration, and a subnormal basal metabolic rate.粘液性水肿：在成年人中，由甲状腺机能减退引起的疾病，特征为皮肤干燥、唇和鼻子周围肿胀、智力退化和低于正常的基本代谢速度〔semipalmate〕Having partial or reduced webbing between the toes, as some wading birds do.具半蹼的：足趾之间有部分的或退化的蹼的，例如某些涉水鸟〔degenerate〕a degenerate life form.一种退化了的生命形式〔skink〕Any of numerous smooth, shiny lizards of the family Scincidae, having a cylindrical body and small or rudimentary legs and living chiefly in temperate and tropical regions.石龙子：一种石龙子科光滑发亮的蜥蜴，生有圆柱形身体和短小的残退化了的腿，主要生活在温带和热带地区〔chondromalacia〕Abnormal softening or degeneration of cartilage of the joints, especially of the knee.关节软骨病：尤指膝关节的关节处软骨的反常软化或退化〔potto〕Any of several small nocturnal African primates of the generaPerodicticus and Arctocebus, having a pointed snout, large eyes and ears, and a stumplike index finger and tail. 树熊猴：非洲产的一种小的夜行性懒猴属 及 狐猴属 灵长类动物，生有尖而突出的鼻子，大眼睛，大耳朵，中指及尾皆退化 〔cavefish〕Any of various freshwater fishes of the family Amblyopsidae, found in subterranean waters and having rudimentary, nonfunctioning eyes.洞穴鱼：钝棘翻车鱼科的淡水鱼，生活在地下水中，有退化的、不起作用的眼〔retrograde〕To decline to an inferior state; degenerate.退步：降至较低级的状态；退化〔quittor〕An inflammation of the hoof cartilage of horses and other solid-hoofed animals, characterized by degeneration of hoof tissue, formation of a slough, and fistulous sores.马蹄疽，化脓性蹄软骨炎：马或其它硬蹄动物的脚蹄软骨所患的一种炎症，特征为：蹄组织退化，形成死肉以及瘘管疼痛〔mole〕Any of various small, insectivorous mammals of the family Talpidae, usually living underground and having thickset bodies with light brown to dark gray silky fur, rudimentary eyes, tough muzzles, and strong forefeet for burrowing.鼹鼠：一种小而以虫类为食的鼹鼠科的哺乳动物，通常生活在地下，有长着淡褐色到深灰色柔软皮毛的矮胖身体，退化的眼睛，坚韧的口部和为打洞用而强壮的前足〔deteriorate〕To grow worse; degenerate:恶化：变得更坏；退化： |
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