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| 释义 | 〔Mitchell〕American astronomer and educator noted for her study of sunspots and nebulae and for the discovery of a comet (1847). She was the first woman elected to the Academy of Arts and Sciences (1848).米切尔，玛丽亚：(1818-1889) 美国天文学家和教育家，以其对黑子及星云的研究和（1847年）发现了一颗彗星而闻名，她是第一位被选入艺术及科学名人的女性(1848年）〔Bond〕American politician and civil rights leader who was elected to the Georgia legislature (1966) but temporarily barred from taking office because of his opposition to the Vietnam War.邦德，朱利安：(生于 1940) 美国的政治家和民权运动领袖，他曾被选入乔治亚州议会(1966年），但由于反对越南战争而未能就职〔Sabin〕American pioneer anatomist noted for her investigations of the lymphatic system. She was the first woman elected to the National Academy of Sciences (1925).沙宾，弗洛伦斯·拉纳：(1871-1953) 美国解剖学家先驱，因 研究淋巴系统而著名。她是第一个被选入国家科学院的女性(1925年）〔Cobb〕American baseball player and manager who was the first player elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame (1936). He set a number of major league records, including a lifetime batting average of .367.科布，泰卢斯·雷蒙德：(1886-1961) 美国棒球选手和经纪人，以一级选手选入国家著名棒球会厅(1936年）。他创下了许多重要记录，包括保持击球平均数.367〔anesthesia〕The following passage, written on November 21, 1846, by Oliver Wendell Holmes,a physician-poet and the father of the Supreme Court justice of the same name,allows us to pinpoint the entry ofanesthesia and anesthetic into English: "Every body wants to have a hand in a great discovery. All I will do is to give you a hint or two as to names—or the name—to be applied to the state produced and the agent. The state should, I think, be called ‘Anaesthesia’ [from the Greek word anaisthēsia, "lack of sensation"]. This signifies insensibility . . . The adjective will be ‘Anaesthetic.’ Thus we might say the state of Anaesthesia, or the anaesthetic state.”This citation is taken from a letter to William Thomas Green Morton,who in October of that year had successfully demonstrated the use of ether at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.Althoughanaesthesia is recorded in Nathan Bailey's Universal Etymological English Dictionary in 1721, it is clear that Holmes really was responsible for its entry into the language.TheOxford English Dictionary has several citations for anesthesia and anesthetic in 1847 and 1848, indicating that the words gained rapid acceptance.下面是奥立佛·万德·霍姆斯写于1846年11月21的一段话。作者是个诗人医生和与其同名的最高法庭法官的父亲。这段话能使我们断定anesthesia 和 anesthetic 进入英语的背景： “每个人都希望能够参与一次伟大的发现。我所要做的是告诉你一两个提示去命名，或能被应用于某种状态的名称。我认为这种状态应该被叫做Anaesthesia ［从希腊词anaisthesia “感觉缺失”发展而来］。 这个词表示无感觉…其形容词应该是‘Anaesthetic’。这样我们可以说感觉缺失的状态或感觉缺失”。这段话是从寄给威廉·托马斯·格林·莫顿的一封信上摘录下的，莫顿同年十月在波士顿的马萨诸塞总医院曾成功使用了醚。尽管南森·巴利于1721年把anaethesia 选入了 通用英语词源词典 ， 但是很显然是霍姆斯首先把这个词引入英语。牛津英语词典 上有几处引用了1847年和1848年有 anesthesia 和 anesthetic 的句子， 说明这两个词很快就被人们所接受 |
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