| 单词 | 选出 |
| 释义 | 〔decimate〕To select by lot and kill one in every ten of.以抽签的方式选出并杀死其中的十分之一〔council〕A body of people elected or appointed to serve in an administrative, legislative, or advisory capacity.委员会，理事会：选出或委派的行使行政、司法和协商功能的群体〔eclectic〕Selecting or employing individual elements from a variety of sources, systems, or styles:选择的，（从不同材料）挑选的：从不同的来源、体系或风格中选出单项成分加以应用：〔eclectic〕from eklektos [selected] 源自 eklektos [选出的] 〔single〕To choose or distinguish from others. Often used without : 选中：选出或与别人区别开来。经常与out 连用： 〔scarce〕The phrasescarce excerpt, if it ever should occur to one, is an excellent example of how two intimately related words can diverge from one another in form while passing from one language to another over the centuries.Both words can be traced back to the Latin wordexcerpo (past participle stem excerpt- ), meaning "to pick out,” "to pick out mentally,” and "to select a passage for quotation.”This is clearly the ultimate source of our nounexcerpt (first recorded before 1638) and verb (first recorded around 1536), a past participle usage already being recorded in the 15th century. A more tangled path leads to our wordscarce. It is assumed that side by side with Latinexcerpere existed the Vulgar Latin form .excarpere. .Excarpsus, an adjective formed with the past participle of .excarpere in Vulgar Latin, meant "narrow, cramped,” and from this Vulgar Latin form came the Old French wordéchars, "insufficient, cramped,” and "stingy.” The Old French word, which existed in a variety of forms in Old French,includingscars and the chiefly Old North French form escarse, was borrowed into Middle English asscarse, being first recorded in a manuscript written around 1300.如果人们能够想到scarce excerpt 这个词语， 是一个说明两个关系密切的词语如何历经几个世纪，在一种语言转化到另一种语言的同时从一种形式转化到另一种形式的极佳例子。两个词可追溯到拉丁词excerpo （过去分词词根为 excerpt- )， 意为“选出”、“在思想上进行选择”和“为了引用而选择一个段落”。很清楚，名词excerpt （第一次记录于1638年前）和动词（首次记录于约1536年）及过去分词用法的最终词源，在15世纪时就已经被记录下来。 词语scarce 的变化更为复杂。 据猜测与拉丁文中excerpere 同时存在的有拉丁俗语形式 excarpere。 Excarpsus在拉丁俗语中是由 excarpere 的过去分词形成的，意为“狭窄的、受限制的”， 从这一拉丁俗语形式形成了古法语词echars ，意为“不足的、受限制的”及“吝啬的”。 这些在古法语中以多种形式存在的古法语词，包括scars 和北部古法语的主要形式 escarse ， 被引入中世纪英语中成为scarse ， 在1300年左右第一次被记载在一手稿本中〔gerrymander〕"An official statement of the returns of voters for senators give[s] twenty nine friends of peace, and eleven gerrymanders.”So reported the May 12, 1813, edition of theMassachusetts Spy. A gerrymander sounds like a strange political beast,which in fact it is, considered from a historical perspective.This beast was named by combining the wordsalamander, "a small lizardlike amphibian,” with the last name of Elbridge Gerry, a former governor of Massachusetts— a state noted for its varied, often colorful political fauna.Gerry (whose name, incidentally, was pronounced with a hardg, though gerrymander is now commonly pronounced with a soft g ) was immortalized in this way because an election district created by members of his party in 1812 looked like a salamander.According to one version of howgerrymander was coined, the shape of the district attracted the eye of the painter Gilbert Stuart,who noticed it on a map hanging in a newspaper editor's office.Stuart decorated the map with a head, wings, and clawsand then said to the editor, "That will do for a salamander!”"Gerrymander!” came the reply.A new political beast was created then and there.The word is first recorded in April 1812 with respect to the creature or its caricature,but it soon came to mean not only "the action of shaping a district to gain political advantage"but also "any representative elected from such a district by that method.”Within the same yeargerrymander was also recorded as a verb. “一份答复参议员选举人的官方声明宣布了二十九个和平伙伴和十一个不公正划分的选区。”在1813年3月12日的一期马萨诸塞州观察报 上有如上报导。 一个不公正划分选区听起来象是一个奇怪的政治怪兽，事实上它是来自历史上的观点。这个怪兽是由两个词合并而命名的，即salamander “一种蜥蜴状的两栖动物，”及马萨诸塞州州长埃尔布里奇·格里的姓。 而马萨诸萨州以其多变的、通常多姿多彩的政治动物群而闻名。格里（他的名字碰巧发重音g， 尽管 gerrymander 现在普遍发轻音 g， ）以此种方式而垂名史册， 因为1812年由他所在党成员组建的选举区就象一只蝾螈。根据一种gerrymander 如何被创造的观点， 该区的形状吸引了一位画家基尔伯特·斯图亚特，他在一家报纸的主编办公室里挂在墙上的地图中发现了它。斯图尔特又画上头、翅膀和爪子，然后对主编说，“那就象只蝾螈了！”"Gerrymander！”主编回答道。此时此地一个新的政治怪兽产生了。这个词于1812年4月首次被记录是在谈到这种牲畜或讽刺的画中，但很快，它就不仅意味“为赢得政治优势的改变区划的行动”，而且有“用此种方法选出的任何代表”的意思。同年gerrymander 也被作为一个动词而记载下来 〔assessor〕An assistant to a judge or magistrate, usually selected for special knowledge in a particular area.辅佐人，助理法官：法官或行政官的助理，在一特定领域为特殊常识而选出〔select〕Of special quality or value; choice:优等的：特殊品质或价值的；选出的：〔Rayburn〕American politician. A U.S. representative from Texas (1913-1961), he served as Speaker of the House (17 terms between 1940 and 1961) and was a major advocate of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal.雷伯恩，塞缪尔·塔连费罗：(1882-1961) 美国政治家。1913至1961年一直是从得克萨斯州选出的众议院议员，1940至1961年是众议院议长，任了十七届。他是富兰克林·D·罗斯福总统新经济政策的坚决支持者〔haphtarah〕A selection from the Prophets, read in synagogue services on the Sabbath following each lesson from the Torah.哈夫塔拉：在犹太教安息日或假日做礼拜时从先知书中选出诵读的部分〔selection〕A literary or musical text chosen for reading or performance.节选，选段，片断：选出作为朗读或表演的文学或音乐片断〔offprint〕A reproduction of or an excerpt from an article that was originally contained in a larger publication.选印本：从大型出版物中选出的某篇文章的重印本或摘抄本〔tabulator〕A machine that reads, sorts, and prints out information from punched cards.从穿孔卡上读出、选出和打印出信息的一种机器〔elect〕Chosen deliberately; singled out.精选的；选出的〔support〕"There is only one proved method of assisting the advancement of pure science—that of picking men of genius,backing them heavily,and leaving them to direct themselves" (James B. Conant).“促进纯科学的进步并已得到证明的方法只有一个——那就是选出有天才之士，强有力地支持他们，并让他们自己管理自己” （詹姆斯B·科南）。〔choose〕Four skiers will be selected to represent each country.每个国家将选出四名滑雪者作为代表。〔Schuyler〕American Revolutionary general of American forces in New York State who was relieved of his command after the British capture of Fort Ticonderoga (1777). He later served as a U.S. senator from New York (1789-1791 and 1797-1798).斯凯勒，菲利普·约翰：(1733-1804) 美国独立战争时纽约州军队的将领，在英军攻陷泰孔德罗加要塞后被解除职务(1777年）。他后来成为纽约州选出的美国参议员(1789-1791年及1797-1798年）〔Root〕American lawyer and public official who served as U.S. secretary of war (1899-1904), secretary of state (1905-1909), and senator from New York (1909-1915). He won the 1912 Nobel Peace Prize.鲁特，伊莱休：(1845-1937) 美国律师和政府官员，曾任美国作战部长(1899-1904年）、国务卿(1905-1909年）及从纽约州选出的参议院议员(1909-1915年），曾获1912年诺贝尔和平奖〔valentine〕A person singled out especially as one's sweetheart on Saint Valentine's Day.情人：在圣瓦伦丁节时尤其是作为某人的情人而选出的人〔krewe〕In order to organize and stage the enormous Mardi Gras carnival every year,many New Orleans families have belonged for generations tokrewes, groups that create elaborate costumes and floats for the many Mardi Gras parades in the two weeks leading up to "Fat Tuesday.”Not only do the krewes participate in the parades,but, as leaders of New Orleans society,they also hold balls and other elaborate events during the carnival season,which lasts from Christmas up to Mardi Gras itself.The krewes are responsible for electing Rex,the annual king of the carnival,whose parade is the climax of Mardi Gras.While masked paraders had long been a part of Mardi Gras,the first carnival group organized as such was the Mystick Krewe of Comus in 1857.Krewe is only a fanciful spelling of crew in its standard meaning, but the word, thanks to its association with Mardi Gras and New Orleans high society,has taken on some of the mystique of the carnival.为了组织和筹划每年盛大的大斋日前夜狂欢节，许多新奥尔良家庭世世代代都属于krewes 这种团体。 这些团体要在“油腻的星期二”来临前的两周，制作华丽服装和彩车供狂欢节游行使用。克鲁的成员们不仅参加游行，作为新奥尔良的上层人物，他们还要在狂欢节节期举行舞会和其它盛大的活动，这从圣诞节一直延续到大斋首日的前一天。克鲁成员还要选出一个Rex，即每年狂欢节的国王，他的游行是整个大斋首日前夜的高潮。化妆游行长期以来一直是大斋首日前夜狂欢节的一部份，而第一个这种狂欢节团体在1857年才建立，名叫“科摩斯神秘的群体”。Krewe 这个词是对普通意义的 crew 这个词一个花哨的拼法， 但是这个词由于与大斋首日前夜狂欢节和新奥尔良的上流社会联系在一起，便带上那个狂欢节的一些神秘气氛〔pitch〕To succeed in choosing or achieving, usually quickly:选出，决定，选定：成功且常是迅速地选定或实现：〔apostle〕Apostle One of a group made up especially of the 12 disciples chosen by Jesus to preach the gospel. Apostle 使徒，门徒：尤指耶稣基督选出传布福音的十二个门徒之一〔draft〕The process or method of selecting one or more individuals from a group, as for a service or duty:挑选：从团体中选出一个人或若干人来承担某种服务或职责的方法或过程：〔preference〕Someone or something so chosen.See Synonyms at choice 优选物：这样选出的人或事物 参见 choice〔elect〕Elected but not yet installed. Often used in combination:选中的，选定的：选出而尚未就任的，常用于复合词中：〔burgess〕A member of the English Parliament who once represented a town, borough, or university.自治市选出的议员：从前代表一个镇、自治城市或大学的英国国会议员〔vote〕vote in a new mayor; voted out their representative; vote down the amendment.选出一位新市长；投票选出他们的代表；投票来否决修正案〔return〕To elect or reelect, as to a legislative body.选举：选出或再选出，如对立法机构〔lesson〕Often Lesson A reading from the Bible or other sacred text as part of a religious service. 常作 Lesson （圣经）选读：作为宗教仪式的一部分而从《圣经》或其它宗教正文中选出一段宣读〔parliamentary〕Characterized by an executive consisting of cabinet ministers selected from and responsible to the parliament:议会（国会）政治的：以由议会选出并对议会负责的内阁成员组成的行政机构特点的：〔choose〕 Choose implies the use of judgment in taking one of several persons, things, or courses of action: Choose 含有运用判断力在一些人、物或行为方式中选出一个的意思： 〔dicast〕One of the 6,000 citizens chosen each year in ancient Athens to sit in the law courts, with functions resembling those of a judge and juror.民选代表法官：古雅典每年从6000名市民中选出一名坐在法庭上既行使法官职能又行使陪审团职能的成员〔random〕chose a card at random from the deck.从一副牌中任意选出一张〔panel〕Those persons selected from this list to compose a jury.陪审员：从陪审员名单中选出的组成陪审团的那些人〔cull〕To pick out from others; select.挑选：从其他东西中选出；挑选〔venire〕The panel of prospective jurors from which a jury is selected.全体陪审员候选人名单：从中选出陪审团成员的全体陪审员候选人名单〔antipope〕A person claiming to be or elected pope in opposition to the one chosen by church law, as during a schism.伪教皇：在教会分立中宣称教皇或被选为教皇的人，与教会律法选出的教皇对立〔excerpt〕from Latin excerptus [past participle of] excerpere [to pick out] 源自 拉丁语 excerptus excerpere的过去分词 [选出] 〔analects〕Greek analekta [selected things] [from neuter pl. of] analektos [gathered together] 希腊语 analekta [选出的事物] 源自analektos的中性复数 [收集在一起] |
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