| 单词 | 那些人 |
| 释义 | 〔be〕Traditional grammar requires the nominative form of the pronoun in the predicate of the verbbe : It is I (not me ); That must be they (not them ), and so forth. Even literate speakers of Modern English have found the rule difficult to conform to,but the stigmatization ofIt is me is by now so deeply lodged among the canons of correctness that there is little likelihood that the construction will ever be entirely acceptable in formal writing.Adherence to the traditional rule in informal speech, however, has come to sound increasingly pedantic,and begins to sound absurd when the verb is contracted, as inIt's we. · The traditional rule creates particular problems when the pronoun followingbe also functions as the object of a verb or preposition in a relative clause, as in It is not them/they that we have in mind when we talk about "crime in the streets" nowadays, where the plural pronoun serves as both the predicate ofis and the object of have. In this example, 57 percent of the Usage Panel preferred the nominative formthey, 33 percent preferred the accusativethem, and 10 percent accepted both versions.But H.W. Fowler, like other authorities, argued that the use of the nominative here is an error caused by "the temptation . . . to assume, perhaps from hearingIt is me corrected to It is I, that a subjective [nominative] case cannot be wrong after the verb to be. ” Writers can usually find a way to avoid this problem: They are not the ones we have in mind, We have someone else in mind, and so on. See Usage Note at I 1we 传统语法要求系动词谓语中的代词用主格形式be ： It is I （而不是 me ）； That must be they （而不是 them ），等等。 即使现代英语有文化的人也发现很难遵守这个规则，而It is me 的烙印现在已深刻地印入了判断是否正确的准则之中， 以致很少有可能使这种用法在正式书面语中被完全接受。但是在非正式讲话中奉行传统规则已经日益变得象在卖弄学问。并且当系动词被缩减时，就象在It's we 中一样，听起来反而象是不合语法的。 当代词跟在be 后面做动词宾语或做关系从句中的介语宾语时，传统的规则就象在 当我们谈到当今“街上的犯罪”时，他们不是我们心中所想的那些人， 句中复数代词同时充当is 的宾语和 have 的宾语。 在这个例子中57%的用法使用小组更喜欢用主格形式they， 33%更喜欢用宾格形式them， 而10%则两种都接受。但是象其他的权威一样，H.W.福勒争论道，在这里用主格是一个错误，它之所以错是因为“多半听到了It is me 都被改正成 It is I 而拿不定主意，以为主格的情况在动词 to be 后面不可能错。” 作家们常常能够找到一个办法来避免这个问题： 他们不是我们所想的人，我们脑子里想的是另一些人等等 参见 I1we〔such〕Such a person or persons or thing or things:象这样的人或物，像这那些人或物：〔hateful〕"consequences odious to those you govern" (Edmund Burke).“对你统治的那些人来说的一种可憎的结局” （埃德蒙得·伯克）。〔oligarchy〕Those making up such a government.寡头集团：组成这样政府的那些人〔krewe〕"They . . . watched a parade of bands and New Orleans-style floats run by krewes throwing necklaces of colored beads"(Robert Reinhold)See Regional Note at beignet “他们…看着一队乐手和克鲁们开的新奥尔良风格彩车，那些人在上面抛着彩珠项链”(罗伯特·赖恩豪德) 参见 beignet〔panel〕Those persons selected from this list to compose a jury.陪审员：从陪审员名单中选出的组成陪审团的那些人〔privileged〕Those enjoying a privilege or having privileges:享有或拥有特权的那些人：〔come〕To arrive among those who finish a contest or race:比赛名次：在完成比赛的那些人中达到：〔fear〕Dread is strong fear of something impending, especially of what one is powerless to avoid: Dread 是对某种逼近的东西的强烈恐惧，特指那些人无力避免的： 〔wherein〕the country wherein those people live.那些人所居住的国家〔succeed〕"Success is counted sweetest/By those who ne'er succeed"(Emily Dickinson)“成功总是最甜蜜的，尤其对从未品尝过成功喜悦的那些人”(艾米利·狄更生)〔Bolshevik〕The wordBolshevik, an emotionally charged term in English, is derived from a very common word in Russian,bol'she, "bigger, more,” the comparative form ofbol'shoĭ, "big.” The nameBol'shevik was given to the faction in the majority at the Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party in 1903 (the term is first recorded in English in 1907).The smaller faction was known asMen'sheviki, from men'she, "less, smaller,” the comparative ofmalyĭ, "little, few.” TheBol'sheviki, who sided with Lenin in the split that followed the Congress, subsequently became the Russian Communist Party.In 1952 the wordBol'shevik was dropped as an official term in the Soviet Union, but it had long since passed into other languages, including English.It had even spawned the slang termbolshie, though there is nomenshie. 单词Bolshevik 在英语中是带有感情色彩的单词， 来源于俄语中非常普通的词bol'she “较大的，较多的”， 是bol'shoi “大”的比较级形式。 Bol'shevik 这个名字是给予1903年俄国社会民主工人党第二次大会时的多数派的 （英语中最早记有该词是1907年）。少数派即著名的Men'sheviki 来源于 men'she， “较少，较小”， 是malyi “小，少”的比较级形式。 Bol'sheviki ，即讨论会后分裂时站在列宁一边的那些人， 后来成为俄国共产党。1952年，Bol'shevik 一词成为苏联的官方术语。 但它已传入包括英语的其他语言。它甚至衍生了一个俚语词bolshie， 尽管不存在menshie 〔Arapaho〕Crow aaraxpéahu [those with lots of tattoos] 克劳语 aaraxpéahu [有许多纹身的那些人] 〔young〕Adolescent specifically implies the characteristics of those in the period between childhood and maturity: Adolescent 特指处于儿童和成熟期之间的那些人的特征： 〔condition〕“The Organization Man survives as a modern classic because it captures a permanent part of our social condition" (Robert J. Samuelson)“那些人类得以维系的社会规范 只所以在现代社会中流传下来，是因为它抓住了我们社会状况的永恒不变的部分” (罗伯特J.塞缪尔森) |
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