| 单词 | 那儿 |
| 释义 | 〔gigolo〕A man who has a continuing sexual relationship with and receives financial support from a woman.靠女人赡养的男人，吃软饭的男人，小白脸：与一妇女有持续的性关系并从她那儿得到财力支持的男人〔Caboclo〕"got to know some caboclos, the Amazonian backwoods people who are some of the warmest people on earth"(Alex Shoumatoff)“到巴西印第安人那儿去打听吧，亚马孙河两岸森林里的人们是世上最为热心的人”(亚历克斯·肖马托夫)〔cook〕The speeding ticket cooked his goose with his father. Her goose was cooked when she was caught cheating on the test.超速驾驶罚款单使他在他父亲那儿倒了霉。当她考试作弊被抓住时，一下名声扫地〔gorilla〕Two traditions of exploration come together in the history of the wordgorilla, which also illustrates how knowledge of the classics has influenced scientific terminology.Dr. Thomas S. Savage, an American missionary to western Africa,first described the gorilla in 1847, giving it the New Latin nameTroglodytes gorilla. In doing so he was using his knowledge of Greek literature,in which there exists a fourth-centuryb.c. translation of a report written by Hanno, another visitor to western Africa. This Carthaginian navigator,who voyaged before 480b.c. , went as far as Sierra Leone in his explorations.In the Greek translation of his reporthe tells of seeingGorillai, the name of which he allegedly learned from local informantsand which he thought were members of a tribe of hairy women.In fact they were probably the same creatures that Thomas Savage described about 24 centuries later.在涉及到gorilla 这个词的历史时，传说中的两次探险可以联系在一起， 这同样也证明了古典文学对科学术语命名的影响。汤姆斯·S·萨维奇医生，到西非传教的美国传教士，在1847年第一次描述了大猩猩并给它起了个新拉丁语名字Troglodytes gorilla 。 在命名时他就用了希腊文学知识，这个命名也同样出现在一本公元前 4世纪安诺写的见闻译本里，安诺也到过西非。 这位迦太基航海家，公元前 480年之前开始出航， 在他的探险过程中，最远到达过塞拉利昂。在他写见闻的希腊译本里，他说他见到了Gorillai ， 据他自己声称他是从当地向导那儿学到这个名字的，并认为它是指多毛女人部落的成员。实际上他们可能是大约24世纪以后汤姆斯·萨奇所描述的同样的动物〔call〕My chauffeur will call for you at seven.我的汽车司机七点钟会到你那儿去取〔unknown〕received flowers from an unknown admirer.从一个不知其名的敬慕者那儿收到鲜花〔repo〕Repossession of merchandise or property from a buyer who has defaulted on payment.取回：从拖欠款项的买主那儿重新拥有货物或财产〔progressivity〕"Proponents of progressivity often argue that higher-income people should pay higher taxes because they benefit more from government"(National Review)“进步势力认为高收入的人应该纳更多的税，因为他们从政府那儿获利更多”(国内评论)〔publican〕A collector of taxes or tribute from the public.征收员：从公众那儿收取赋税或贡物的人〔sombrous〕"where . . . the sombrous pine/And yew-tree o'er the silver rocks decline"(William Wordsworth)“那儿…灰暗的松树/和紫杉树生长在倾斜的银色岩石上”(威廉·华兹华斯)〔thence〕From that place; from there:从那里起：从那地方；从那儿：〔Hameln〕A city of northern Germany on the Weser River southwest of Hanover. An ancient Saxon settlement, it is a manufacturing and tourist center famous as the setting for the legend of the Pied Piper of Hamelin. Population, 55,992.哈默尔恩：德国北部威悉河畔、汉诺威西南部的一个城市。它是古萨克森人的定居区，现在是制造业、旅游业中心，以那儿的关于哈默尔恩的皮德·皮珀的传说而闻名。人口55,992〔man〕Man! That was close.嘿！那儿太近了〔steal〕strawberries pilfered from the farmer.从农民那儿偷的草莓。〔rip〕"I've ripped him off as much as I could possibly rip him off"(Gary Fisketjon)“我尽最大可能从那儿偷我所需要的东西”(加里·菲斯克特荣)〔therefore〕there [there] * see there there [那儿] * 参见 there〔there〕stopped and went on from there.停下来并从那儿开始〔popcorn〕Popcorn is very much an American institution.Particularly enjoyed by people in the United States,it is grown as a native product and denoted by a word that is an Americanism,a word or expression that was first used in English in the United States.Popcorn, from the verb pop and the noun corn, fits these criteriabecause the first recorded use of the word is found inMemorable Days in America, an account written by the British traveler William Faux and published in London in 1823: "I crossed the Big Wabash . . . at La Valette's ferry,where is beautiful land . . . and two lonely families of naked-legged French settlersfrom whom I received two curious ears of poss corn.”Notice that either Faux misunderstood the termor the French settlers mispronounced it.This type of corn, introduced to the settlers by Native Americans,was long grown by them,little knowing that their benefaction would one day be consumed by countless moviegoers while watching Westerns.爆玉米是美洲人非常熟知的事物。尤其为美国人喜欢，这种作物被他们作为本地作物而大量种植并以一个美国单词来命名，这个词首先在美国被用于英语中。Popcorn 源于动词 pop 和名词 corn， 并且它适应这些标准，因为有关这个词的最早记录见于由英国旅行者威廉·福克斯所著的、1823年在伦敦出版的游记在美国的难忘日子 中，福克斯在其中写道： “我在瓦莱特码头渡过大沃巴什河，那儿有美丽的田地…及两个孤零零的法国家庭，他们都是赤脚的法国拓荒者，从他们那儿我得到了两根奇怪的玉米棒。”请注意，要么也许是福克斯误解了该词，要么也许是法国拓荒者发错了音。这种类型的玉米是美洲印第安人介绍给这些拓荒者的，且已被这些印第安人种植很久了，但他们几乎无法料到他们的施惠有一天会被无数电影观众一边嚼着一边看西部片。〔see〕"He [man] viewed the crocodile as a thing sometimes to worship, but always to run away from" (Thomas De Quincey).“他［人类］ 把鳄鱼看成可以崇拜的东西，但又经常从鳄鱼那儿逃离” （托玛斯·德·昆西）。〔thereat〕At that place; there.那儿：在那地方；那里〔hearsay〕Information heard from another.传闻：从别人那儿听来的消息〔unputdownable〕"Unless the story is at once as unputdownable to a taxi driver as to a university professor, it is not good enough"(Brian Burland)“除非这个故事无论在一名出租车司机那儿还是在一名大学教授那儿都同样地叫人爱不释手，否则它就还不够好”(布赖恩·伯兰德)〔worry〕"But not to worry: it all . . . falls into place in the book's second half, where the language is plainer"(Hallowell Bowser)“但别担心：它全都在书的后半部分，那儿的语言浅显一些”(哈洛韦尔·鲍瑟)〔addlepated〕"seeking sympathy from her addlepated old dad"(Rita Kempley)“试图从她那怪癖的老父亲那儿获得怜悯”(丽塔·坎姆普雷)〔polysyndeton〕The repetition of conjunctions in close succession for rhetorical effect, as in the phrasehere and there and everywhere. 连词叠用：连词紧密地连续重复，以达到修辞的效果，如在here and there and everywhere（这儿和那儿和每一个地方） 这一短语中 〔perfect〕Perfect has often been described as an absolute term like chief and prime, hence not allowing modification bymore, quite, relatively, and other qualifiers of degree. But the qualification ofperfect has numerous reputable precedents (most notably in the preamble to the U.S. Constitution in the phrase"in order to form a more perfect Union" ). What is more, the stricture is philosophically dubious.There can be no mathematically perfect forms in nature;therefore to say that any actual circle is "perfect"can mean only that it approximates the geometric ideal of circularity,a quality that it can obviously have to a greater or lesser degree.By the same token,perfect freely allows comparison in examples such as There could be no more perfect spot for the picnic, where it is used to mean "ideal for the purposes.”See Usage Note at complete ,equal ,parallel ,unique Perfect 常被描述成诸如 chief 和 prime 的绝对术语， 因此不能跟more、quite或relatively 等修饰词及其它程度限定词。 但是对perfect 的限定可有大量规范的前饰词 （最突出的例子是在美国宪法的引言部分"in order to form a more perfect Union" )。 但是，这种限定在哲学上来说是模糊的。自然界中不可能有数学般标准的形式；因此要说任何既定的圆是“绝对的”，都只意味着近似于理想状态的几何圆，这显然只能是或多或少具备的特性。同样地，perfect 在一些例子如 那儿应该是更适合野餐的地方 中任意地允许比较， 此处意为“达到意图的理想方式” 参见 complete,equal,parallel,unique〔hello〕la [there] from Latin illāc [that way] la [那儿] 源自 拉丁语 illāc [那样，那条路] 〔also〕The cellar was dark and forbidding; moreover, I knew a family of mice had nested there.这个地窖阴森可怕；而且我知道那儿有一窝老鼠。〔Gotland〕A region of southeast Sweden comprising several islands in the Baltic Sea, includingGotland Island. Inhabited since the Stone Age, Gotland is the traditional homeland of the Goths. 哥德兰岛：瑞典东南部地区，包括波罗的海的几个岛屿，其中包括哥德兰岛 。从石器时代哥特兰岛就有人居住。传说那儿是哥特人的故乡 〔shivaree〕Shivaree is the most common American regional form of charivari, a French word meaning "a noisy mock serenade for newlyweds"and probably deriving in turn from a Late Latin word meaning "headache.”The term, most likely borrowed from French traders and settlers along the Mississippi River,was well established in the United States by 1805;an account dating from that year describes a shivaree in New Orleans: "The house is mobbed by thousands of the people of the town, vociferating and shouting with loud acclaim . . . many[are] in disguises and masks; and all have some kind of discordant and noisy music, such as old kettles, and shovels, and tongs. . . . All civil authority and rule seems laid aside" (John F. Watson).The wordshivaree is especially common along and west of the Mississippi River, giving it an unusual north-south dialect boundary (most dialect boundaries run east-west in the United States).Alva L. Davis and Raven I. McDavid, Jr., callshivaree "one of the most widely distributed folk terms borrowed by American English from any European language.” Some regional equivalents arebelling, used in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio; horning, from upstate New York, Rhode Island, and western New England; andserenade, a term used chiefly in the South Atlantic states. Shivaree 是 charivari 这个词在美国的最普通的地方形式， charivari是个法语词，意思是“一种为新婚夫妇演奏的喧闹的嘲弄式小夜曲”，这个词本身可能是从一个意思为“头痛”的后期拉丁文演变而来。这个词极有可能是从密西西比河沿岸的法国商人和拓居者那儿借用而来，到了1805年这个词已经在美国深深地扎根了；一份可以追溯到这一年的记录描写了新奥良的演奏这种小夜曲的情况： “房子里挤满了成千从镇上来的人，喧嚷着，叫喊着，大声欢呼…许多人 化了装，带了面具，所有的人都搞出某种不和协、喧闹的音响，比如用旧水壶，铲子，钳子…一切世俗的权威和规则好象已经被放到了一边” （约翰F·华生） 。shivaree 这个词在密西西比河沿岸和该河以西尤为常见， 这样密西西比河就成了一个不寻常的方言区的南北分界线（而在美国大多数方言区的分界线都是东西向的）。阿尔瓦·L·戴维斯和小拉文·I·麦克戴维把shivaree 这个词称为“美国英语从欧洲语言中借来的民间用语中流传最广的一个”。 其它地方方言中相当于这个词的词有belling 在宾夕法尼亚州、弗吉尼亚西部和俄亥俄州流传； 纽约州上半部份，罗德岛州，新英格兰西部的horning ， 而大西洋沿岸南部各州主要用serenade 这个词 〔reorder〕A further order of goods from the same supplier.添购：从同一供应商那儿进一步定购货物 |
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