| 单词 | 重读音节 |
| 释义 | 〔rent〕When young people talk about theirrents, that is, their parents, they are using a slang term that is of interest to language historians, if not necessarily thrilling for parents themselves. The term is a prime example of one of the fundamental characteristics of slang, which continually creates novel ways of expressing what are often rather ordinary things (if parents may be considered ordinary things). Slang has recently produced two expressions for "parents" that have gained wide currency— rents and parental units. Both expressions demonstrate slang's use of unusual or creative linguistic means to achieve novelty of expression. While there are many slang terms, such as bod for body or rad for radical, that result from the clipping of unstressed syllables, rents is a clipping that drops a stressed syllable, much like the similar term za, "pizza.” The desire to coin new ways of referring to things also leads speakers of slang to use circumlocutions like knuckle sandwich for "punch.” Parental units falls into this category. It plays on the jargon of bureaucrats and social science, in which the world is viewed as so much data waiting to be quantified. The appearance of terms such as rents and parental units also shows that all available styles and levels of language can be grist for slang's mill—so long as the material is perceived as irreverent, funny, or just plain cool. 年轻人谈论他们的rents （即父母）时，即使肯定不会令他们的父母感到兴奋，他们却使用了一个令语言历史学家很感兴趣的俚语。Rents是俚语一个基本特色的典范，这一基本特色就是不断创造新颖词汇来表示通常极为普通的事物（如果父母会被认为是普通事物的话）。最近俚语中产生了两个"父（母）亲"的词语并被普遍使用── rents 和 parental units 。这两个词语表明俚语用不同寻常的或创造性的语言工具来获取表达上的新颖。虽然因省略非重读音节产生了许多俚语词汇，如用 bod 指body、用 rad 指radical，但 rents 却是省略重读音节后的部分，非常类似相近词汇 za "pizza（比萨饼）"。期望创造指代事物的新词也使得满口俚语的人运用赘语，如用 knuckle sandwich 指"punch（用拳击）"。 Parental units 也属于赘语的范围。它用作官僚主义者的行话以及科学术语，因为对于官僚主义者和科学工作者来讲世界就是等待量化的大量数据。诸如 rents 和 parental units 这些俚语的出现也表明语言现有的全部风格和水平都是俚语的有益补充──只要认为内容是不敬的、有趣的或者纯粹扮酷的 〔breve〕A curved mark used to indicate a short or unstressed syllable of verse.表示诗行中的短音节或非重读音节的弧形符号〔everwhere〕Inversion—the reversal of the two halves of a compound word—is a common process in Southern dialects.It affects a number of indefinite pronouns (whichever, whatever, whoever ) ending in -ever, yieldingeverwhich, everwhat, and everwho. The commonly occurringeverwhere can be an example of inversion when it means "wherever" but illustrates elision of an unstressed syllable in its meaning "everywhere.”Other examples of Southern inversion cited by Craig M. Carver inAmerican Regional Dialects are peckerwood, hoppergrass, doll-baby, tie-tongued, doghanged (meaning "hangdog"), and right-out ("outright"). 倒置——一个复合词的两部分的颠倒──是美国南部方言的一种常用方法，它影响到若干以-ever 结尾的不确定性代名词（ whichever，whatever，whoever ）， 产生出everwhich，everwhat 和 everwho 。 通常出现的everwhere ，当它意为"wherever（即无论何处）”时是倒置的一个例子， 但当它意为"everywhere（各处，到处）”时是省略非重读音节的一例证。克雷格M卡弗尔在美国区域方言 中引用的其它美国南部倒置的例子有 peckerwood ， hoppergrass，doll-baby，tie-tongued，doghanged（意思是“下贱的人”）和 right-out （“坦率的”） 〔outride〕An unstressed syllable or cluster of syllables within a given metrical unit that is omitted from the scansion pattern in sprung rhythm.一音部内的轻音节：跳韵中按轻重韵律念时被省略的一个既定音步里的非重读音节或音群〔rhythm〕The pattern or flow of sound created by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables in accentual verse or of long and short syllables in quantitative verse.韵律：重音韵文中重读与非重读音节排列造成的声音形式或声流，或由数量长短为基准的韵文中长短音节的排列造成的声音形式或声流〔tonic〕Stressed, as a syllable; accented.重读的：重读的，例如一个重读音节；重读的〔anacrusis〕One or more unstressed syllables at the beginning of a line of verse, before the reckoning of the normal meter begins.非重读音节：诗句音步开始前句首的一个或多个非重读音节〔alliteration〕The repetition of the same consonant sounds or of different vowel sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables, as in头韵：在一组词的开头或重读音节中对相同辅音或不同元音的重复。如：〔atonic〕A word, syllable, or sound that is unaccented.无重读音节：不重读的单词、音节或单音〔ictus〕The accent that falls on a stressed syllable in a line of scanned verse.强音：格律诗中某一行中重读音节上的重音〔amphibrach〕A trisyllabic metrical foot having one accented or long syllable between two unaccented or short syllables, as in the wordremember. 短长短三音节音步：一种三音节音步，在两个非重读音节或短音节中间夹着一个重读音节或长音节，如单词remember 〔tribrach〕A metrical foot having three short or unstressed syllables.三短节韵，三短音节的音步：有三个短的或非重读音节的音步〔accent〕A mark or symbol used in printing and writing to indicate the stressed syllables of a spoken word.重读符号：用于印刷体或书写体中的记号或符号，来表示所讲单词的重读音节〔rhythm〕These nouns are compared as they denote the regular patterned ebb and rise of accented and unaccented sounds, especially in music, speech, or verse.当这些名词意为有规律地形式化的重读与非重读音节的降低和升高时，尤其在音乐、演说或韵文中，它们有所区别。〔amphimacer〕A trisyllabic metrical foot having an unaccented or short syllable between two accented or long syllables, as inPeter Pan. Also called cretic 长短长三音节音步：一种三音节音步，在两个重读音节或长音节之间有一个非重读音节或短音节，如潘彼得 也作 cretic〔assonance〕The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds, especially in stressed syllables, with changes in the intervening consonants, as in the phrasetilting at windmills. 类音，类韵：相同或相似元音的重复，尤指重读音节，其间有辅音变化，如短语tilting at windmills |
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