| 单词 | 铁轨 |
| 释义 | 〔parallel〕In its mathematical usageparallel is an absolute term— two lines either do or do not intersect—and as such does not admit of qualification as to degree.Some grammarians have arguedthat this restriction should apply as well to nontechnical uses of the word.According to this logic,one may not sayThe two roads have been made more parallel, except perhaps as a loose way of saying what is rendered more precisely by expressions such asmore nearly parallel. Like the analogous objection that has been made to the comparison ofequal, the point betrays a misconception about the relation between mathematical concepts and their ordinary-language equivalents.Applied to objects in the world,parallel can only denote a rough approximation to a geometric ideal. A pair of rails or parked cars cannot be truly parallel in the mathematician's sense of the termbut only more or less so,just as a road or shelf cannot be truly straight in the geometric sensebut nonetheless may be described as very straight or relatively straight.The grammarians' compunctions make even less sense when applied to metaphorical uses ofparallel, as inThe difficulties faced by the Republicans are quite parallel to those that confronted the Democrats four years ago, in which the intended meaning has nothing to do with the possibility of intersectionbut instead suggests the structural correspondence of two distinct situations.In this sense, parallelism is clearly a matter of degreeand the wordparallel can be modified accordingly. See Usage Note at equal ,perfect ,unique 在数学用法中，parallel 是一个绝对的表达法—— 两条线要么相交，要么就不相交——它既没有限定性也没有程度差别。一些语法学家曾提出，这种限制也应该适用于该词在非科技方面的用法，按照这种逻辑，人们不能说这两条路已被修得更加平行了， 除非作为用例如更接近于平行 这样的表达方法更精确地表示的东西的不够精确的说出方法。 象对equal 的比较所做的类似反对一样， 这个观点使数学概念与普通用语中等价词之间的关系引起误解。当运用到世间的实物时，parellel 仅能指与几何理想状态大致接近的状况。 一对铁轨或停放的车辆不可能按数学家对于这个术语的理解来真正地相互并行，而不过是大致平行而已，正如公路和架子不可能是真正几何意义上的笔直，但仍可被描绘成很直的或相对而言的笔直。在用到parallel 的比喻用法时，语法学家的不安就更显得意义不大了， 例如：共和党人所面临的重重困难与四年前民主党人遇到的困难十分相似， 在这句话中，该词的引申意义与相交的可能性毫无关系，然而它暗指了两种不同情况结构上的一致。在此意义上，相似性明显是程度的问题，相应地，parallel 一词也能被其它词限定修饰了。 参见 equal,perfect,unique〔trackwalker〕A worker employed to inspect a section of railroad track.巡道工：受雇巡查一路段铁轨的工人〔cowcatcher〕The metal grille or frame projecting from the front of a locomotive and serving to clear the track of obstructions.排障装置：一种装在火车前部用于清除铁轨上的障碍的金属格栅或框架〔halfway〕a halfway sign on the trail.铁轨上的半程标记〔railhead〕The farthest point on a railroad to which rails have been laid.铁轨末端：铁路上铁轨铺设的最远点〔substructure〕The earth bank or bed supporting railroad tracks.路基：支撑铁路铁轨这路床〔tie〕One of the beams, usually made of wood, that are laid across a railroad bed to secure the rails.枕木：横放在铁路基上以固定铁轨的梁中的一根，通常为木制〔grade〕A slope or gradual inclination, especially of a road or railroad track.斜坡：斜面或缓缓的倾斜面，尤指道路或铁轨的〔trackless〕Not running on tracks or rails.无轨的：不在轨道或铁轨上运行的〔derail〕rail [rail] from English * see rail 1rail [铁轨] 源自 英语 * 参见 rail1〔locomotive〕A self-propelled vehicle, usually electric or diesel-powered, for pulling or pushing freight or passenger cars on railroad tracks.机车：一种自行推进的车辆，通常用电力或内燃机作动力，用于推或拉铁轨上的货车或客车〔telpher〕A small traveling car, usually driven by electricity, suspended from or moving on an overhead rail or cable.电动缆车：通常由电力驱动、在高架的铁轨或缆索上悬挂或移动的小型旅游车〔point〕The vertex of the angle created by the intersection of rails in a frog or switch.辙叉角：在岔心或岔道上，由铁轨交叉而成的角的顶点〔metal〕Broken stones used for road surfaces or railroad beds.筑路碎石：用于铺路面或用于填塞铁轨枕木间空隙的碎石〔superstructure〕The rails, sleepers, and other parts of a railway.铁路上部结构：铁路之铁轨、枕木及其他部分〔grind〕a train grinding along rusty rails.火车在生锈的铁轨上随着刺耳的摩擦声前行〔frog〕A device on intersecting railroad tracks that permits wheels to cross the junction.辙叉：装在火车铁轨相交处使车轮穿过连接处的装置〔lineman〕A man employed to inspect and repair railroad tracks.铁路养路工：检查和修理铁轨的工人〔line〕A railway track or system of tracks.铁路，铁轨：铁路或铁路系统〔point〕A movable rail, tapered at the end, such as that used in a railroad switch.转辙器：一端尖细可移动的铁轨，如用于铁路岔道的〔rail〕A steel bar used, usually in pairs, as a track for railroad cars or other wheeled vehicles.铁轨，钢轨：用作火车车厢或其它有轮车辆的轨道的钢轨，通常成对使用〔side〕on this side of the Atlantic; the district on the other side of the railroad tracks.大西洋的这一边；铁轨另一边的地区〔block〕A length of railroad track controlled by signals.受信号器控制的铁轨〔track〕A rail or set of parallel rails upon which railroad cars or other vehicles run.铁轨：铁路车厢或其它车辆可在上运行的一条或一套平行轨道〔roadbed〕The foundation upon which the ties, rails, and ballast of a railroad are laid.路基：其上可铺铁道的枕木、铁轨和道碴的地基 |
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