| 单词 | 错误的 |
| 释义 | 〔broken〕Spoken with gaps and errors:讲话不流利且错误的：〔Playbill〕"The typical hot, humid night . . . had most of the audience fanning themselves with their playbills"(Washington Times)"The playbill somehow listed the movement headings for the wrong Beethoven symphony"(Los Angeles Times)“典型的又热又潮湿的夜晚…使得大多数观众用他们的节目单给自己扇凉”(华盛顿时报)“剧场节目单不知怎么列出了错误的贝多芬交响乐的运动标题”(洛杉矶时报)〔sophistry〕A plausible but misleading or fallacious argument.谬论：貌似正确但实际误导或错误的论点〔inaccurate〕Mistaken or incorrect; not accurate.错误的或不对的；不准确的〔rationalize〕To devise self-satisfying but incorrect reasons for one's behavior.自圆其说：制造一个自我满意，但实际上错误的理由为自己的行为辩护〔escape〕 Eschew involves staying clear of something because to do otherwise would be unwise or morally wrong: Eschew 指逃避做某些事物，因为做这些事是不理智的或在道义上是错误的： 〔hype〕To publicize or promote, especially by extravagant, inflated, or misleading claims:天花乱坠的广告策略：公开化或提倡，特别是通过过分的，夸张的，错误的宣称：〔wrong〕To take a wrong turn or make a wrong move.走错路，搞不好：拐错弯或采取了错误的行动〔infallible〕Medieval Latin fallibilis [fallible] * see fallible 中世纪拉丁语 fallibilis [错误的] * 参见 fallible〔garble〕To scramble (a signal or message), as by erroneous encoding or faulty transmission.使混乱，使不清楚：通过错误的编码或错误的传送搅乱（信号或消息）〔put〕They put a false interpretation on events.他们对事件进行了错误的解释〔correct〕These verbs mean to make right what is wrong.这些动词的意思都是“使错误的变成正确的”。〔captious〕Marked by a disposition to find and point out trivial faults.See Synonyms at critical 吹毛求疵的：倾向于找出并指出细小错误的 参见 critical〔banal〕The pronunciation ofbanal is not settled among educated speakers of American English. Sixty years ago, H.W. Fowler recommended the pronunciation BAN-al (rhyming withpanel ), but this pronunciation is now regarded as recondite by most Americans:it is preferred by only 2 percent of the Usage Panel.Other possibilities are BANE-al (rhyming withanal ), preferred by 38 percent of the Panel; ba-NAL (rhyming withcanal ), preferred by 46 percent; and ba-NAHL (the last syllable rhyming withdoll ), preferred by 14 percent (this last pronunciation is more common in British English).Some panelists admit to being so vexed by the problem that they tend to avoid the word in conversation.Speakers can perhaps take comfort in knowing that any one of the last three pronunciations will have the support of a substantial minority, and that none of them is incorrect.When several pronunciations of a word are widely used,there is really no right or wrong one.单词banal 的发音在受过教育的讲美式英语的人中并未固定下来。 六十年前，H.W.福勒曾建议其发音为BAN-al（与panel 押韵）， 但大多数美国人认为这一发音是晦涩难懂的：它只得到“惯用法专题研究小组”中2%成员的偏爱。另外可能的发音有BANE-al（与anal 押韵），得到38小组成员的认可； ba-NAL（与canal 押韵）得到46的认可； ba-NAHL（最后一个音节与doll 押韵），得到14的认可 （这最后一个发音在英国英语中更为常用）。一些小组成员承认，这个词的发音令他们太伤脑筋了以至他们在说话时尽量避免使用它。当使用者得知最后三个发音中的任何一个都有较为坚实的少数票的支持，且它们中的任何一个都不是错误的，也许会给他们一些安慰。当一个单词的几种发音都被广泛使用时，便的确无所谓对错了〔halfcocked〕went off halfcocked and bought all the wrong items.仓促行事，买了错误的货物〔improper〕Not consistent with established truth, fact, or rule; incorrect.错误的，不正确的：与既定真相、事实或原则不一致的；错误的〔awkward〕awke [wrong] from Old Norse öfugr [backward] * see apo- awke [错误的] 源自 古斯堪的纳维亚语 öfugr [向后的] * 参见 apo- 〔wrongful〕Wrong; unjust:错误的，不公正的：〔wish〕 This usage is consonant with formal style,where it is natural to treat the desires of others with exaggerated deference.The corresponding use ofwish with a noun-phrase object is less frequent, though it cannot be regarded as incorrect: 这种用法符合正式文体，因正式文体中对别人的愿望表示出夸大的尊重很自然。尽管不会认为是错误的，但wish 加上名词短语作宾语不太常见： 〔misdirect〕To give wrong instructions or directions to.误导：给…一个错误的指示或方向〔moral〕morals Rules or habits of conduct, especially of sexual conduct, with reference to standards of right and wrong: morals 性道德，道德伦理：举止行为的规则和习惯，尤指性行为的伦理道德，根据正确和错误的标准来衡量：〔blame〕The state of being responsible for a fault or an error; culpability.责备，谴责：对过失或错误的责任的状态；应受谴责的行为〔pretend〕 Feign suggests false representation or fictitious fabrication: Feign 指错误的表现或人为的制造： 〔bad〕Full of or exhibiting faults or errors:错误的：充满或显示出缺点或错误的：〔offense〕"The only deadly sin I know is cynicism" (Henry L. Stimson).“我所知道的唯一致命的错误的事是愤世嫉俗” （亨利·L·斯廷森）。〔than〕Since the 18th centurygrammarians have insisted thatthan should be regarded as a conjunction in all its uses, so that a sentence such asBill is taller than Tom should be construed as an elliptical version of the sentence Bill is taller than Tom is. According to this view,the case of a pronoun followingthan is determined by whether the pronoun serves as the subject or object of the verb that is "understood.” Thus, the standard rule requiresPat is taller than I (not me ) on the assumption that this sentence is elliptical forPat is taller than I am but allowsThe news surprised Pat more than me, since this sentence is taken as elliptical forThe news surprised Pat more than it surprised me. However,than is quite commonly treated as a preposition when followed by an isolated noun phrase, and as such occurs with a pronoun in the objective case:John is taller than me. Though this usage is still widely regarded as incorrect,it is predominant in speechand has reputable literary precedent.It is also consistent with the fact thatthan is clearly treated as a preposition in the than whom construction, as ina poet than whom (not than who ) no one has a dearer place in the hearts of his countrymen. Still, the writer who risks a sentence such asMary is taller than him in formal writing must be prepared to defend the usage against objections of critics who are unlikely to be dissuaded from their conviction that the usage is incorrect. · Comparatives usingas . . . as can be analyzed in a parallel way to those using than. Traditional grammarians insist thatI am not as tall as he is the only correct form, and though both literary precedent and syntactic arguments can be marshaled in support of the analysis of the secondas as a preposition (which would license I am not as tall as him ), one should treat this use ofas as a conjunction in formal writing. See Usage Note at as 1自18世纪以来，语法学家坚持以为than 在其所有用法中均应被看作连词， 因此，在诸如Bill is taller than Tom 的句子中应解释为句子 Bill is taller than Tom is 的省略说法。 根据这一观点，than 后跟随代词的情况取决于该代词作为所“理解”的动词的主语还是谓语。 这样，标准规则要求Pat is taller than I （而不是 me )， 考虑到这个句子是Pat is taller than I am 的省略， 但允许The news surprised Pat more than me ， 因为这个句子被认当是The news surprised Pat more than it surprised me 的省略。 然而，当than 跟随一个独立名词短语时常被看作是介词， 如代词用于宾语的情况：John is taller than me 。 尽管这种用法仍然被广泛认为是错误的，但它仍在口语中占主要地位，并且有著名的文学先例。它也符合than 在 than whom 结构中显然被认为是介词的事实， 就象在a poet than whom （而不是 than who ) no one has a dearer place in the hearts of his countrymen 。 然而，冒险在正式写作中应用诸如Mary is taller than him 的作者必须准备针对那些不可能被劝服放弃坚信这种用法是错误的批评家们的反对意见而对此种用法进行辩护。 用比较级as…as 可以用与 than 相同的方式进行分析。 传统的语法学家坚持认为I am not as tall as he 是唯一正确的形式， 尽管文学先例和语法规则都能支持第二个as 作为介词（即允许 I am not as tall as him )的分析， 我们仍应该把这个as 作为正式写作中的连词 参见 as1〔refute〕To prove to be false or erroneous; overthrow by argument or proof:驳倒：证明是假的或错误的；通过论据或证据推翻：〔cabal〕The history ofcabal reveals how a word can be transferred from one sphere of activity to another while retaining only a tenuous connection with its past. Ultimately from Hebrewbut transmitted to English probably by way of Medieval Latin and French,cabal is first recorded in English in 1616 in the sense "cabala.” Cabala was the name for the Hebrew oral tradition transmitted by Moses and also the name for a Jewish religious philosophy based on an esoteric interpretation of the Hebrew Scriptures.The notion "esoteric" is central to the development of this word in English,forcabal, probably following the sense development in French, came to mean "a tradition, special interpretation, or secret,” "a private intrigue" (first recorded in 1646-1647),and "a small body of intriguers" (first recorded in 1660).It is probably not coincidental thatcabal is found with these latter meanings during the mid-17th century, that time of plots and counterplots by Royalists and Parliamentarians.The word gained a false etymology when it was noticed that the five most influential ministers of Charles II were named Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley, and Lauderdale.单词cable 的历史表现出一个单词在与其过去的含义仅保持微弱联系的情况下，如何能够从一个使用范围转向另一个范围。 最起始是源于希伯来语，但可能是通过中世纪的拉丁语和法语转化为英语，cabal 以“秘教”的含义在英语中最早载于1616年。 Cabala 是对摩西所传的希伯来口头传说的称谓， 也是对基于希伯来圣经神秘解说的犹太宗教哲学的称谓。“深奥的”这个概念对于这个英文单词的发展是很重要的，因为cabal 可能是沿用法语里发展起来的含义， 意为“传统，特殊的理解或秘密的，“个人阴谋”（最早记载于1646至1647年），以及“较小的阴谋者的联合体”（最早记载于1660年）。它可能与cabal 的17世纪中叶的后来含义并不一致， 在这一时期内充斥着保皇党人和议员们的阴谋和对策。由于注意到查理二世时期五位最有影响的大臣姓名分别为克利福德，阿灵顿，白金汉，阿什利和劳德戴尔（其姓名首字母合起来为CABAL），该词由此得来一错误的语源说明〔sophistic〕Apparently sound but really fallacious; specious:似是而非的：表面正确但实际错误的；似是而非的：〔fortuitous〕In its best-established sense,fortuitous means "happening by accident or chance,” with no implication as to the desirability of the outcome:a fortuitous meeting may have either fortunate or unfortunate consequences. In this century, however, the word is often used with particular reference to happy accidents,as inThe company's third-quarter profits were enhanced as the result of a fortuitous drop in the cost of RAM chips. This use may have arisenbecausefortuitous resembles both fortunate and felicitous; it is well established in the writing of reputable authors.More controversial is the use offortuitous to mean simply "lucky or fortunate,” as inHe came to the Giants in June as the result of a fortuitous trade that sent two minor-league players to the Reds' organization. This use dates back at least to the 1920's,when H.W. Fowler labeled it a malaproprism.It is still widely regarded as incorrect,and writers who are unwilling to risk censure are advised to avoid it.从最公认的意义上说，fortuitous 的意思是“偶然发生的”， 不暗示结果是否称心：临时会议 可以有好或坏的结果。 然而在本世纪这个词常用于专指好的事件，如内存条价格的意外下降导致了公司第三季度利润的增加。 这种用法可能出现，因为fortuitous 类似于 fortunate 和 felicitous； 它用于有名望的作家的写作中。更有争论的用法是fortuitous 的含义为“幸运的或好运的”时， 如一次幸运的送两名小社团的运动员去红色组织的交易使他在六月去了巨人国。 这种用法至少可追溯到20世纪20年代，当时H.W.弗劳尔把它标作一个可笑的用法错误。现在这种用法仍被广泛地认为是错误的，建议不愿冒险受指责的作者避免使用〔adder〕The biblical injunction to be wise as serpents and innocent as doves looks somewhat alien in the Middle English guise "Loke ye be prudent as neddris and symple as dowves.”Neddris, which is perhaps the strangest-looking word in this Middle English passage, would beadders in Modern English, with a different meaning and form. Adder, an example of specialization in meaning, no longer refers to just any serpent or snake, as it once did, but now denotes only specific kinds of snakes.Adder also illustrates a process known as false splitting, or juncture loss: the word came from Old Englishnǣdre and kept its n into the Middle English period, but later during that stage of the language people started analyzing the phrasea naddre as an addre —the false splitting that has given us adder. “象蟒蛇一样聪明，象白鸽一样无邪”的圣经训谕与在中古英语中的“象蛇一样智虑，象鸽子一样简单”的表达法看起来颇为不同。Neddris 也许是中古英语的中看起来较奇怪的一个词， 在现代英语中为adders ，意义和形式相差很大。 Adder 作为意义特殊化的一个例子，不再象从前一样表示蟒蛇或蛇， 而只表示蛇的特殊种类。Adder 同时也说明了错误分离或连音遗失的过程： 这个词来源于古英语的needre 并在中古英语中保留 n ， 但是在后来的英语发展阶段，人们开始将词组a naddre 分析为 an adder --这种错误的分离给我们提供了 adder 一词 〔responsible〕In recent years,many people have objected to the use of the phraseclaim responsibility with reference to the authors of terrorist acts, as inA small separatist group claimed responsibility for the explosion, in which 30 passengers were killed. It is true that the phrase is not entirely felicitous,in as much as it does not convey the speaker's conviction that the action is deplorable.But alternatives such asadmit or take the blame cannot be recommended either, since they would imply misleadingly that the instigators had themselves acknowledged that the action was wrongful.近年来，许多人反对使用与恐怖主义活动制造者相关的词组claim responsibility ， 如一小撮分离主义者声称对那次致使30位旅客丧生的爆炸负责 。 这个词组确实是不得体的，因为它没有表达说话者对悲惨行为的谴责。但也不能推荐如admit 和 take the blame 等替代词， 因为它们可能使人误导以为煽动者自己也承认行动是错误的〔mischaracterize〕To give a false or misleading character to:给…一个错误的或误导的特性：〔misuse〕Improper, unlawful, or incorrect use; misapplication.错用：不正确，不合法或错误的使用；误用〔pretend〕I cannot pretend to say that you are wrong.我不敢说你是错误的〔mistaken〕Based on error; wrong:错误的：建立在错误基础上的；错的：〔hallucination〕A false or mistaken idea; a delusion.错误的想法；一种错觉〔misguided〕Based or acting on error; misled:被错误引导的：基础错误的或行为错误的；被错误引导的：〔rationalize〕To devise self-satisfying but incorrect reasons for (one's behavior).文过饰非：（为自己的行为）编造出一个自己满意但实际上错误的借口〔unsound〕Not true or logically valid; fallacious:不精确的：不真实的或逻辑上站不住脚的；错误的： |
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