| 单词 | 阐释 |
| 释义 | 〔Hook〕American philosopher known for his studies of Marxism, especiallyTowards an Understanding of Karl Marx: A Revolutionary Interpretation (1933). 胡克，锡德尼：(1902-1989) 美国哲学家，以其对马克思主义的研究而闻名，尤其是《对于卡尔·马克思的理解：一个革命性的阐释》 （1933年） 〔symbolist〕One who interprets or represents conditions or truths by the use of symbols or symbolism.象征主义者：使用象征或象征主义来阐释或代表情况或真理的人〔explain〕"Man's whole life and environment have been laid open and elucidated" (Thomas Carlyle).Expound and explicate imply detailed and usually learned and lengthy exploration or analysis: “人的整个生命和生活环境都已得到说明和阐释” （托马斯·卡莱尔）。Expound 和 explicate 指详细的并且通常是学术的和冗长的考察与分析： 〔hermeneutic〕Interpretive; explanatory.阐释的；解释的〔Targum〕Mishnaic Hebrew targûm [translation, interpretation, Targum] 密西拿的希伯来语 targûm [翻译，阐释，塔古姆] 〔maieutic〕Of or relating to the aspect of the Socratic method that induces a respondent to formulate latent concepts through a dialectic or logical sequence of questions.产婆术的：有关苏格拉底的，通过引导人们对具有辩证性或逻辑性顺序的一串问题作出回答，来系统地阐释不易觉察的观念的方法的或与此方法有关的〔define〕define the properties of a new drug; a study that defines people according to their median incomes.解释一种新药的特性；根据人们的平均收入阐释的调查〔translate〕To put into simpler terms; explain or interpret.解释：用更简单的语言表达；解释或阐释〔Bruno〕Italian philosopher who used Copernican principles in formulating his cosmic theory of an infinite universe. Condemned by the Inquisition for heresy, immoral conduct, and blasphemy, he was burned at the stake.布鲁诺，乔达诺：(1548?-1600) 意大利哲学家，用哥白尼学说阐释他关于宇宙无限的宇宙理论，被宗教裁判所判为异端、邪恶和亵读神灵，被火刑处死〔reading〕A personal interpretation or appraisal:阐释，估价，看法：个人的阐释或估价：〔include〕No single theory can embrace and explain every facet of human behavior.没有一种理论能包括并阐释人类行为的每个方面。〔Marxian〕One that studies, advocates, or makes use of Karl Marx's philosophical or socioeconomic concepts as a method of analysis and interpretation, as in political economy or historical or literary criticism.马克思主义者，马克思主义追随者：研究、推广马克思主义或在政治经济学、历史或文艺批评等领域利用马克思的哲学或社会经济学概念进行分析或阐释的人〔urge〕"There is a human urge to clarify, rationalize, justify"(Leonard Bernstein)“有要澄清、阐释和辨明的人的本能冲动”(伦纳德·伯恩斯坦)〔psychoanalysis〕The method of psychiatric therapy originated by Sigmund Freud in which free association, dream interpretation, and analysis of resistance and transference are used to explore repressed or unconscious impulses, anxieties, and internal conflicts.心理分析：由西格蒙德·弗洛伊德创立的一套精神治疗的方法，用自由联系、对梦的阐释和对抵抗和移情的分析来研究被压抑或无意识的冲动、焦虑和内心冲突〔Rosenberg〕German political leader who expounded Nazi doctrine inThe Myth of the 20th Century (1930). He was executed as a war criminal. 罗森伯格，艾尔弗雷德：(1893-1946) 德国政界领袖，他在《20世纪的神话》 （1930年）一书中阐释了纳粹主义学说，后被作为战争罪犯处死 〔subtext〕The underlying personality of a dramatic character as implied or indicated by a script or text and interpreted by an actor in performance.独白：剧本或文本中隐含的而由一演员在表演时加以阐释的一戏剧人物的内在性格〔tropology〕A mode of biblical interpretation insisting on the morally edifying sense of tropes in the Scriptures.据引串文解释：强调圣经中比喻的道德教化意义的阐释模式〔symbology〕The study or interpretation of symbols or symbolism.对符号或符号体系的研究或阐释〔archaeoastronomy〕The study of the knowledge, interpretations, and practices of ancient cultures regarding celestial objects or phenomena.考古天文学：对有关天体或天文现象的古文化知识、古文化阐释以及古文化习惯的研究〔Hafiz〕Persian poet whose sensuous rhyming couplets, many of which concern love, wine, and nature, are traditionally interpreted allegorically by Sufic Moslems.哈菲兹：波斯诗人，其诗多为押韵华美的两行诗体，其中许多描写爱情，美酒和大自然，苏菲派穆斯林因循传统地对它们作了寓言式阐释〔Mill〕British philosopher and economist known especially for his interpretations of empiricism and utilitarianism. His many works includeA System of Logic (1843), Principles of Political Economy (1848), and The Subjection of Women (1869). 穆勒，约翰·斯图尔特：(1806-1873) 英国哲学家及经济学家，尤以其对经验主义和功利主义的阐释而闻名。其著作甚多，有《逻辑体系》 （1843年） 《政治经济学原理》 （1848年）和 《妇女的从属地位》 （1869年） 〔Alexandrian〕Alexandrian scholars; an Alexandrian preference for the explication of earlier works.亚历山大学派的学者，用亚历山大学派阐释早期作品的偏好〔psychohistory〕A psychological or psychoanalytic interpretation or study of historical events or persons:心理历史：对历史事件或历史人物所作的心理学或精神分析学的阐释或研究：〔define〕To describe the nature or basic qualities of; explain:阐释：描述…的性质或基本特征；解释：〔illuminate〕To enlighten intellectually or spiritually; enable to understand.启发，阐释：智力上或精神上进行启蒙；使别人懂某事〔Moore〕British philosopher whose theories, presented inPrincipia Ethica (1903) and other works, influenced 20th-century epistemology and linguistic analysis. 穆尔，乔治·爱德华：(1873-1958) 英国哲学家，其理论在《伦理学基本原则》 （1903年）及其它一些著作中得以阐释，对20世纪的认识论和语言分析产生过影响 〔Mishnah〕The first section of the Talmud, being a collection of early oral interpretations of the scriptures as compiled abouta.d. 200. 密西拿：塔木德经的第一部分，为教律的早期口头阐释的收录，成书于约公元 200年 〔pluralism〕The belief that no single explanatory system or view of reality can account for all the phenomena of life.多元文化论：认为没有任何一个的阐释体系或现实观点能解释生活中的所有现象的一种信念〔moralize〕To interpret or explain the moral meaning of.教化：阐释或解释道德方面的意义〔methodology〕Methodology can properly refer to the theoretical analysis of the methods appropriate to a field of study or to the body of methods and principles particular to a branch of knowledge.In this sense,one may speak ofobjections to the methodology of a geographic survey (i.e., objections dealing with the appropriateness of the methods used) or of themethodology of modern cognitive psychology (i.e., the principles and practices that underlie research in the field). In recent years, however,methodology has been increasingly used as a pretentious substitute for method in scientific and technical contexts, as inThe oil company has not yet decided on a methodology for restoring the beaches. This usage may have been fostered in part by the tendency to use the adjectivemethodological to mean "pertaining to methods,” in as much as the regularly formed adjectivemethodical has been preempted to mean "orderly, systematic.” But the misuse ofmethodology obscures an important conceptual distinction between the tools of scientific investigation (properly methods ) and the principles that determine how such tools are deployed and interpreted—a distinction that the scientific and scholarly communities, if not the wider public,should be expected to maintain.Methodology 可指对一个学科的研究方法进行的理论分析， 也可指一个学科特有的一整套方法与步骤。在这种意义上，人们可以说对于一个地理调查所用方法提出的异议 （即，关于所用方法是否适当所提的异议）， 也可以说现代认知心理学的研究方法 （即，形成一门学科的研究基础的原则和方法）。 然而，近些年来，在科学、技术语境中，methodology 越来越多地被用做颇带炫耀夸张色彩的 method 的替换词， 如说石油公司尚未决定恢复海滩环境的方法。 这种用法可能部分地起因于用形容词methodological 来表示“与方法有关的”意思的倾向， 因为用常规方法构成的形容词methodical 已先行意味着“有序的，有系统的”。 但是methodology 的这种错误用法模糊了一个重要的概念区分，那就是科学研究的方法（正确的说法应是 methods )和决定这些方法如何运用和阐释的原则之间的区分——这个区分， 如果不为更多的大众所认识，至少应为科学和学者圈子所坚持〔paraphrase〕A restatement of a text or passage in another form or other words, often to clarify meaning.释义，意义：用其它形式或词语来重述一篇课文或文章的语句，通常用以阐释意义〔rationalize〕To interpret from a rational standpoint.阐释：从理性角度出发进行解释〔Whig〕A 19th-century American political party formed to oppose the Democratic Party and favoring high tariffs and a loose interpretation of the Constitution.辉格党：19世纪为反对民主党而形成的一个美国的政党，奉行高关税政策，对宪法的阐释也较松散且不严谨〔iconography〕Pictorial illustration of a subject.插图：某一主题的图象阐释〔psycholinguistics〕The study of the influence of psychological factors on the development, use, and interpretation of language.心理语言学：对心理因素对语言发展，使用和阐释方面的影响的研究〔reading〕The distinctive interpretation of a work of performing art given by the person or persons performing it.诠释：某人或表演者对表演艺术作品的独立的阐释〔ideologue〕An advocate of a particular ideology, especially an official exponent of that ideology.理论家，倡导者：某一理论的提倡者，尤指对此意识形态的正式阐释〔Joachim〕Hungarian violinist and composer acclaimed for interpretations of Bach, Beethoven, and Mozart. His compositions include violin concertos and an overture toHamlet. 约阿希姆，约瑟夫：(1831-1907) 匈牙利的小提琴手和作曲者，因阐释巴赫、贝多芬和莫扎特而受到颂扬。他的乐曲包括小提琴协奏曲和《哈姆雷特》 的序曲 〔Maritain〕French philosopher and critic noted for his interpretations of Saint Thomas Aquinas. His works includeArt and Scholasticism (1920). 马里丹，雅克：(1882-1973) 法国哲学家和评论家，以其对圣·托马斯·阿奎那著作的阐释而闻名，作品包括《艺术与经院哲学》 （1920年） 〔lend〕The Bible lends itself to various interpretations.《圣经》有不同的阐释 |
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