| 单词 | 队伍 |
| 释义 | 〔brigade〕A group of persons organized for a specific purpose:执行特定任务的队伍：为一特定目的组织的一组人：〔party〕A group of people who have gathered to participate in an activity.See Synonyms at band 2一群人，队伍：聚在一起参加一项活动的一群人 参见 band2〔close〕Management closed ranks and ostracized the troublemaker.管理员使队伍靠拢，将捣乱者清除出去〔shout〕troops yelling as they attacked. 进攻时高声呼喊的队伍 〔teammate〕A fellow member of a team.队友：一支队伍中的队员〔gonfalon〕A banner suspended from a crosspiece, especially as a standard in an ecclesiastical procession or as the ensign of a medieval Italian republic.旌旗：挂在横梁上的旗帜，特别是在举行宗教仪式时的行进队伍中的旗帜，或者中世纪意大利共和国的旗帜〔procession〕A group of persons, vehicles, or objects moving along in an orderly, formal manner.行列，队伍：一群人、一些交通工具或物品有次序地、整齐地向前移动〔vexillary〕A member of the oldest class of army veterans who served under a special standard in ancient Rome.旗兵：古罗马军队中持特种军旗的队伍中的老兵〔open〕open ranks; an open weave.松散的队伍；织孔粗的编织〔dispute〕Our team disputed the visitors' claim to the championship.我们队伍与客队争夺锦标〔turn〕troops that were turned out beautifully.装备精良的队伍〔ease〕Used as a command for troops to assume a relaxed position.稍息：用于让队伍呈放松姿势的口令〔insubordinate〕"The army has been embroiled in a standoff battle against a [hornets'] nest of factious groups, including opium warlords" (Time).部队卷入了一场对抗 队伍的僵持战，包括鸦片军阀 （《时代》）。〔grave〕a grave procession.See Synonyms at serious 庄严行进的队伍 参见 serious〔draft〕A team of animals used to pull loads.驮重物的兽群队伍：用来拉重物的一群牲口〔hooker〕In hisPersonal Memoirs Ulysses S. Grant described Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker as "a dangerous man . . . not subordinate to his superiors.” Hooker had his faults, of course.He may indeed have been insubordinate;undoubtedly he was an erratic leader.But there is one thing of which he is often accused that "Fighting Joe" Hooker certainly did not do:he did not give his name to prostitutes.According to a popular story,the men under Hooker's command during the Civil War were a particularly wild bunch.When his troops were on leave,we are told, they spent much of their time in brothels.For this reason, as the story goes,prostitutes came to be known ashookers. It is not difficult to understand how such a theory might have originated.The major general's name differs from the wordhooker only in the capital letter that begins it. And it is true that Hooker's men were at times ill-disciplined (although it seems that liquor, not women, was the main source of their difficulties with the provost marshal).However attractive this theory may be,it cannot be true.The wordhooker, with the sense "prostitute,” is in fact older than the Civil War. It appeared in the second edition (although not in the first) of John Russell Bartlett'sDictionary of Americanisms, published in 1859.Bartlett definedhooker as "a strumpet, a sailor's trull.” He also said that the word was derived from Corlear's Hook,a district in New York City,but this was only a guess.There is no evidence that the term originated in New York.Norman Ellsworth Eliason has traced this use ofhooker back to 1845 in North Carolina. He reported the usage inTarheel Talk; an Historical Study of the English Language in North Carolina to 1860, published in 1956. The fact that we have no earlier written evidence does not mean thathooker was never used to mean "prostitute" before 1845. The history ofhooker is, quite simply, murky; we do not know when or where it was first used,but we can be very certain that it did not begin with Joseph Hooker.Also, we have no firm evidence that it came from Corlear's Hook.Scholarly evidence or lack thereof notwithstanding,the late Bruce Catton, the Civil War historian, did not go so far as to exonerate completely the Union general.Although "the term ‘hooker’ did not originate during the Civil War,”wrote Catton, "it certainly became popular then.During these war years, Washington developed a large [red-light district] somewhere south of Constitution Avenue.This became known as Hooker's Division in tribute to the proclivities of General Joseph Hookerand the name has stuck ever since.”If the termhooker was derived neither from Joseph Hooker nor from Corlear's Hook, what is its derivation?It is most likely that thishooker is, etymologically, simply "one who hooks.” The term portrays a prostitute as a person who hooks, or snares, clients.尤利西斯·S·格兰特在他的个人回忆录 中把陆军少将约瑟夫·胡克描写成“一个危险人物…从不服从于他的顶头上司”。 胡克当然有他的缺点。他也许曾是一个难以屈服的人；但他无疑是一个怪癖的军官。但是“好战的乔”，胡克却因为一件他肯定没有干过的事情而屡遭指责；他从不对妓女透露他的姓名。根据一个流行故事，内战中胡克的手下有一伙特别狂野的人们。当他的队伍即将离开时，据说他们总在妓院里消磨时日。故事还说正因为如此，妓女开始被叫做hookers。 我们不难理解这样一个故事的起源的推测。这个将军的名字和hooker 只差开头的一个大写字母。 而且胡克的手下在当时确实纪律涣散（尽管看来是酒而非女人才导致了他们与宪兵司令之间的矛盾）。不管这个故事多么诱人，它不可能是真实的。事实上hooker 一词作为“妓女”的意思比内战的历史还要早。 它出现于约翰·罗素·巴特利特编纂的美国俗语词典 的第二版（尽管第一版中没有）， 出版于1859年。巴特利特把hooker 定义为“一个妓女，水手的妓女”。 他还说这个词来源于科利尔的胡克，纽约市的一个地区，但这只是一个猜想。没有证据证明这一说法源于纽约。诺曼·爱尔斯华斯·艾利森把hooker 的用法追溯到1845年的北卡罗来纳州。 他在1956年出版的北卡罗来纳州闲话； 1860年前北卡罗来纳英语历史研究 中说明了这一用法。 缺乏早期书面证据这一事实并不意味着在1845年之前hooker 没有被用作“妓女”一义。 很简单，hooker 的历史隐晦难知； 我们不知道它在何时何地被首次使用，但我们可以肯定它并不始于约瑟夫·胡克。而且我们没有确凿证据证明它来源于科利尔的胡克。不管有无学术性的证据，已故的内战历史学家布鲁斯·卡通并没有做到为联邦将军彻底开脱的地步。尽管“‘hooker’这一词语并不是来源于内战，”卡通写道，“在那之后它肯定流行了起来。在战争年代，华盛顿在宪法大街南部某个地方发展了很大的［红灯区］。人们把这里称作胡克的辖区，作为对约瑟夫·胡克将军怪癖的献礼，这个名字从此便生根发芽”。如果hooker 这一词语既不是源于约瑟夫·胡克也不来自于科利尔的胡克， 那么它的词源究竟是什么呢?从词源学上来说hooker 很有可能仅仅是“引…上钩的人”。 这一词语把妓女描绘成一个勾引或引诱客人的人〔patrol〕The act of moving about an area especially by an authorized and trained person or group, for purposes of observation, inspection, or security.巡逻，巡视：为了观察、视察或安全，在某一地区来回走动，尤指由授权或受训的人或队伍四处巡视〔manager〕One who is in charge of the training and performance of an athlete or a team.球队经理：负责某个运动员或某支队伍的训练和比赛的人员〔torero〕A matador or one of the supporting team.斗牛士：斗牛士或后援队伍中的一员〔tail〕To become lengthened or spaced when moving in a line:队伍单行行进时拉长或产生间隔：〔hope〕the team's only hope for victory.这支队伍是获胜的唯一希望〔domestique〕A member of a competitive bicycle-racing team whose role is to assist the team leader, as by setting the pace.侍从员：自行车竞赛队伍成员，扮演协助队长的角色，如设定车速〔Russell〕American basketball player and coach. A center for the Boston Celtics (1956-1969), he led the team to 11 National Basketball Association championships (1957-1965 and 1968-1969).拉塞尔，威廉·费尔顿：(生于 1934) 美国篮球运动员和教练。作为波士顿凯尔特人的中锋(1956-1969年），他带领这个队伍连续11次获全国篮球赛冠军(1957-1965和1968-1969年）〔open〕soldiers opening ranks.士兵们错开队伍〔unbeatable〕an unbeatable team; an unbeatable sales record.无法战胜的队伍；无法超越的销售记录〔barrage〕A heavy curtain of artillery fire directed in front of friendly troops to screen and protect them.弹幕：友军前方的密集火力网，以遮蔽和掩护队伍〔affirmative〕Her team will speak for the affirmative.她所在的队伍将作为正方辩护〔superior〕an army defeated by superior numbers of enemy troops.一支被人数更多的敌人队伍所击败的军队〔quadriga〕Latin quadrīga [sing. of] quadrīgae [team of four horses] 拉丁语 quadrīga quadrīgae的单数 [四匹马的队伍] |
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