| 单词 | 阿尔瓦 |
| 释义 | 〔Alva〕Spanish general and colonial administrator of the Netherlands (1567-1573).阿尔瓦：西班牙将军和荷兰殖民地的行政官（1567－1573年）〔Myrdal〕Swedish sociologist and diplomat. She shared the 1982 Nobel Peace Prize for her role in the United Nations nuclear disarmament negotiations.米达尔，阿尔瓦：(1902-1986) 瑞典社会主义者和外交家，因在联合国裁减核武器的协商中所作的贡献而获得1982年的诺贝尔和平奖〔Albacete〕A city of southeast Spain west-southwest of Valencia. It was the site of battles between Moors and Christians in 1145 and 1146. Population, 121,909.阿尔瓦塞特：西班牙东南部城市，位于巴伦西亚西南偏西。这里曾是摩尔人和基督徒于1145年和1146年作战的战场。人口121,909〔Edison〕American inventor who patented more than a thousand inventions, among them the microphone (1877), the phonograph (1878), and an incandescent lamp (1879). In New York City he installed the world's first central electric power plant (1881-1882).爱迪生，托马斯·阿尔瓦：(1847-1931) 美国发明家，有一千多项发明专利权，其中包括麦克风(1877年）、留声机(1878年），和白炽灯(1879年）。他在纽约市建成了世界上第一家中心发电厂(1881-1882年）〔Belmont〕American socialite and suffragist who won acceptance into New York's high society through extravagant spending and entertaining. She later promoted women's suffrage and was president of the National Women's Party (1921-1933).贝尔蒙，阿尔瓦·埃特斯金·史密斯·范德比尔特：(1853-1933) 美国社会名流和主张扩大参政权者，通过奢侈的花费和款待得以进入纽约上层社会。后来她促进妇女参政并成为“美国妇女党”的主席（1921-1933年）〔Aalto〕Finnish architect and furniture designer noted for his use of contrasting materials.阿尔托，阿尔瓦：(1898-1976) 芬兰建筑师和家具设计师，以使用对比的材料而著称〔shivaree〕Shivaree is the most common American regional form of charivari, a French word meaning "a noisy mock serenade for newlyweds"and probably deriving in turn from a Late Latin word meaning "headache.”The term, most likely borrowed from French traders and settlers along the Mississippi River,was well established in the United States by 1805;an account dating from that year describes a shivaree in New Orleans: "The house is mobbed by thousands of the people of the town, vociferating and shouting with loud acclaim . . . many[are] in disguises and masks; and all have some kind of discordant and noisy music, such as old kettles, and shovels, and tongs. . . . All civil authority and rule seems laid aside" (John F. Watson).The wordshivaree is especially common along and west of the Mississippi River, giving it an unusual north-south dialect boundary (most dialect boundaries run east-west in the United States).Alva L. Davis and Raven I. McDavid, Jr., callshivaree "one of the most widely distributed folk terms borrowed by American English from any European language.” Some regional equivalents arebelling, used in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio; horning, from upstate New York, Rhode Island, and western New England; andserenade, a term used chiefly in the South Atlantic states. Shivaree 是 charivari 这个词在美国的最普通的地方形式， charivari是个法语词，意思是“一种为新婚夫妇演奏的喧闹的嘲弄式小夜曲”，这个词本身可能是从一个意思为“头痛”的后期拉丁文演变而来。这个词极有可能是从密西西比河沿岸的法国商人和拓居者那儿借用而来，到了1805年这个词已经在美国深深地扎根了；一份可以追溯到这一年的记录描写了新奥良的演奏这种小夜曲的情况： “房子里挤满了成千从镇上来的人，喧嚷着，叫喊着，大声欢呼…许多人 化了装，带了面具，所有的人都搞出某种不和协、喧闹的音响，比如用旧水壶，铲子，钳子…一切世俗的权威和规则好象已经被放到了一边” （约翰F·华生） 。shivaree 这个词在密西西比河沿岸和该河以西尤为常见， 这样密西西比河就成了一个不寻常的方言区的南北分界线（而在美国大多数方言区的分界线都是东西向的）。阿尔瓦·L·戴维斯和小拉文·I·麦克戴维把shivaree 这个词称为“美国英语从欧洲语言中借来的民间用语中流传最广的一个”。 其它地方方言中相当于这个词的词有belling 在宾夕法尼亚州、弗吉尼亚西部和俄亥俄州流传； 纽约州上半部份，罗德岛州，新英格兰西部的horning ， 而大西洋沿岸南部各州主要用serenade 这个词 |
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