| 单词 | 阿拉伯人 |
| 释义 | 〔Ctesiphon〕An ancient city of central Iraq on the Tigris River southeast of Baghdad. As the residence of Parthian kings it was renowned for its splendor. The Arabs captured and plundered the city in 637.泰西封：伊拉克中部的一个古城，位于底格里斯河沿岸，巴格达东南部。作为帕提亚国王们的王宫，它以其辉煌灿烂而闻名。阿拉伯人于637年攻陷并劫掠了该城〔Numidia〕An ancient country of northwest Africa corresponding roughly to present-day Algeria. It was part of the Carthaginian empire before the Punic Wars and became a separate kingdom after 201b.c. Conquered by Rome in 46 b.c. and invaded by the Vandals in the fifth century a.d. , Numidia was overrun by the Arabs in the eighth century. 努米底亚：非洲西北部的一个古国，大致在今天的阿尔及利亚。在古迦太基战争前是迦太基帝国的一部分，公元前 20年成为独立王国， 公元前 46年被罗马征服， 公元后 5世纪被汪达尔人侵略，8世纪大批阿拉伯人来到努米底亚 〔Samarkand〕A city of southern Central Asian U.S.S.R. southwest of Tashkent. Dating from the third or fourth millenniumb.c. , the city was conquered by Alexander the Great in 329, taken by the Arabs in the eighth century a.d. , and destroyed by Genghis Khan c. 1220. It was rebuilt as a fabled center of great splendor and opulence when it became (c. 1370) the capital of Tamerlane's empire. Population, 371,000. 撒马尔罕：前苏联中亚地区的城市，位于塔什干西南部。始于公元前 三千年或四千年，329年被亚历山大大帝征服， 公元 8世纪被阿拉伯人夺走，13世纪20年代被成吉思汗摧毁。在14世纪70年代成为塔玛莱恩首都，并成为传说中威严华丽的中心区。人口371,000 〔Tashkent〕A city of southern Central Asian U.S.S.R. west-southwest of Alma-Ata. One of the oldest cities of central Asia, it was ruled by Arabs and then Turks until 1865, when it was annexed by Russia. Population, 2,030,000.塔什干：原苏联中亚部分南部一城市，位于阿拉木图西南偏西方。它是中亚地区最古老的城市之一，曾被阿拉伯人统治过，后又被突厥人统治至1865年，同年俄国将其并入自己的版图。人口2,030,000〔Ceuta〕A Spanish city of northwest Africa, an enclave in Morocco on the Strait of Gibraltar. A flourishing trade city under the Arabs, it was taken by the Portuguese in 1415 and passed to Spain in 1580. Population, 68,882.休达：非洲西北部西班牙一城市，为直布罗陀海峡处摩洛哥境内的一块孤立的土地。阿拉伯人统治时为一繁荣的贸易城市，1415年被葡萄牙人占领，1580年转让给西班牙。人口68,882〔Arab〕A member of a Semitic people inhabiting Arabia, whose language and Islamic religion spread widely throughout the Middle East and northern Africa from the seventh century.阿拉伯人：居住于阿位伯半岛的闪族人的一个成员，自7世纪以来其语言及伊斯兰宗教信仰广泛传播于中东及北非〔Bedouin〕An Arab of any of the nomadic tribes of the Arabian, Syrian, Nubian, or Sahara deserts.贝都因人：阿拉伯、叙利亚、努比亚或撒哈拉沙漠的游牧部落中的阿拉伯人〔Bernadotte〕Swedish diplomat who as a leader of the Swedish Red Cross (1943-1948) helped save thousands of people from Nazi concentration camps. As United Nations mediator in Palestine (1948) he attempted to end Israeli-Arab hostilities but was assassinated by Israeli terrorists.贝纳多特，福尔克：(1895-1948) 瑞典外交家，做为瑞典红十字会的领导人（1943-1948年）曾帮助营救了成千上万的人逃离纳粹集中营。做为联合国驻巴勒斯坦的调停者（1948年），他努力争取结束以色列和阿拉伯人之间的敌对，但被犹太复国主义者暗杀〔Homs〕A city of west-central Syria north of Damascus. Birthplace of the Roman emperor Heliogabalus, it was taken by the Arabs in 636. Egypt controlled the city from 1831 to 1840. Population, 346,871.霍姆斯：叙利亚中西部一城市，位于大马士革北部。罗马皇帝海里奥加巴鲁斯的出生地。636年被阿拉伯人占领。埃及在1831年-1840年控制该城。人口346,871〔Yafo〕A former city of west-central Israel on the Mediterranean Sea. An ancient Phoenician city, it was taken by the Israelites in the 6th centurya.d. and later fell to the Arabs (636), Crusaders (12th century), and Ottoman Turks (16th century). Yafo was inhabited mainly by Arabs until the state of Israel was proclaimed in 1948. Since 1950 the city has been part of Tel Aviv-Yafo. 雅法：以色列中西部以前的城市，临地中海。它是古老的腓尼基人城市，公元 6世纪时被古以色列人占据，随后几易其主，阿拉伯人（636年）、十字军（12世纪）、鄂图曼土耳其（16世纪）。1948年以色列建国前雅法主要居住着阿拉伯人。1950年该市成为特拉维夫-雅法的一部分 〔Moor〕A member of a Moslem people of mixed Berber and Arab descent, now living chiefly in northwest Africa.摩尔人：一群由柏柏尔人和阿拉伯人后裔混合组成的穆斯林人，现在主要居住于非洲西北部〔Ishmael〕In the Old Testament, the son of Abraham who was cast out after the birth of Isaac. He is traditionally considered to be the forebear of the Arabs.以实玛利：旧约中亚伯拉罕之子，在以撒出生后被弃。他传统上被认为是阿拉伯人的祖先〔Arabize〕To bring under Arab influence or control.受阿拉伯人影响，被阿拉伯人控制〔dhow〕A lateen-rigged ship used especially by Arabs along the coasts of the Indian Ocean.独桅三角帆船：一种金属薄板装配的船，尤指阿拉伯人在印度洋海岸使用的〔intifada〕An uprising among Palestinian Arabs of the Gaza Strip and West Bank, beginning in late 1987 and continuing sporadically into the early 1990s, in protest against continued Israeli occupation of these territories.就地起义，报复行动：自1987年后半开始并零星延续至1990年代早期，在加萨走廊及以色列西岸巴勒斯坦裔阿拉伯人的增加，以抗议以色列持续入侵这些区域〔tilt〕"His views tilt unmistakably to the Arab position"(William Safire)“他的观点毫无疑问地倾向阿拉伯人一方”(威廉·萨菲尔)〔Tripolitania〕A historical region of northern Africa bordering on the Mediterranean Sea. Originally a Phoenician colony, it was later held by Carthage, Numidia, and Rome (after 46b.c. ). Tripolitania fell to the Vandals in a.d. 435, to the Arabs in the seventh century, and finally to the Ottoman Turks in 1553. 的黎波里塔尼亚：非洲北部历史上的一个地区，临地中海。起初，它是腓尼基的一个殖民地，后来分别被迦太基、努米底亚和罗马占领（公元前 46年之后）。的黎波里塔尼亚在 公元 435年落入汪达尔人的统治，7世纪被阿拉伯人占领，最后于1553年被奥斯曼土耳其人占领 〔Arabic〕Of or relating to Arabia, the Arabs, their language, or their culture.阿拉伯的：阿拉伯半岛、阿拉伯人，其语言或其文化的，或与与之有关的〔Palestine〕A historical region of southwest Asia between the eastern Mediterranean shore and the Jordan River roughly coextensive with modern Israel and the West Bank. Occupied since prehistoric times, it has been ruled by Hebrews, Egyptians, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, and Turks. A British League of Nations mandate oversaw the affairs of the area from 1920 until 1948, when Israel declared itself a separate state and the West Bank territory was awarded to Jordan. Israel occupied the Jordanian area west of the Jordan River in 1967. In November 1988 the Palestine Liberation Organization under Yasir Arafat declared its intention of forming an Arab state of Palestine, probably including the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and the Arab sector of Jerusalem.巴勒斯坦，“圣地”：历史上西南亚的一个地区，位于地中海东岸和约旦河之间，大致相当于现在的以色列和约旦河西岸。从史前时代开始，它曾被希伯来人、埃及人、罗马人、拜占庭人、阿拉伯人和土耳其人统治。从1920年到1948，大布列颠民族联盟委任监管这一区事务，当时以色列宣称独立并且约旦河西部地区划归约旦。1967年以色列占领了约旦该地区领土。1988年11月，巴勒斯坦解放组织在亚瑟、阿拉法特的领导下宣布了它们建立一个巴勒斯坦的阿拉伯国家的意向，可能包括约旦河西岸、加沙走廊以及耶路撒冷的阿拉伯部分〔Lawrence〕Welsh-born British soldier, adventurer, and writer who led the Arab revolt against the Turks (1916-1918) and later wrote an account of his adventures,The Seven Pillars of Wisdom (1926). 劳伦斯，托（马斯）·爱（德华）：(1888-1935) 威尔士裔英国士兵、探险家和作家，1916-1918年领导了阿拉伯人反抗土耳其的起义，后来撰写了一部有关他历险的作品《七根智慧柱》 （1926年） 〔Sousse〕A city of northeast Tunisia on an inlet of the Mediterranean Sea. Founded in ancient times by the Phoenicians, it was an important city under the Romans and Carthaginians and later under the Arabs (9th-11th centuries) and the French (19th-20th centuries). Population, 69,530.苏萨：突尼斯东北部的一个城市，位于地中海的一个海湾沿岸。远古时代时腓尼基人创建，是一个重要的城市，先是处于罗马人与迦太基人的统治之下，后被阿拉伯人（9世纪至11世纪）和法国人（19世纪至20世纪）控制。人口69,530〔typhoon〕Perhaps few words better illustrate the polyglot background of English thantyphoon, with its Chinese, Arabic, East Indian, and Greek background. The Greek wordtyphon, both the name of the father of the winds and a common noun meaning "whirlwind, typhoon,” was borrowed into Arabic (as was many a Greek word during the Middle Ages, when Arabic learning both preserved the classical heritage and expanded upon it, passing it on to Europe).Ùūfān, the Arabic version of the Greek word, passed into languages spoken in India,where Arabic-speaking Moslem invaders had settled in the 11th century.Thus the descendant of the Arabic word,passing into English (first recorded in 1588) through an Indian languageand appearing in English in forms such astouffon and tufan, originally referred specifically to a severe storm in India.China, another great empire, gave us yet another word for a storm,in this case the hurricane that occurred in the waters around China.This Chinese word in its Cantonese form,toi fung, was similar to our Arabic borrowing and is first recorded in English guise astuffoon in 1699. The various forms coalesced and finally becametyphoon. 也许很少有单词能像typhoon 一样表明汉语、阿拉伯语、东印度语和希腊语的多国语言背景。 希腊单词typhon 既是风神的姓名又是意为“旋风，台风”的普通名词， 被借入到阿拉伯语（就象在中世纪时许多希腊语单词进入阿拉伯语一样，那时，阿拉伯人的学问保存了古典的风格，同时在把它传向欧洲时又有所扩充）。Tufan ，希腊语的阿拉伯语形式， 传入到了印度人使用的语言，11世纪时讲阿拉伯语的穆斯林入侵者在印度定居下来。这样，阿拉伯语单词的衍生，从印度语言进入英语（最早记载于1588年），并以如touffon 和 tufan 的形式出现于英语中， 最先特指印度的猛烈风暴。中国，另一个大帝国，给了我们风暴的另一个单词，这里指的是在中国附近洋面发生的飓风。汉语单词的广东语形式toi fung 同我们的阿拉伯语借用词相近， 最早以tuffoon 的形式于1699年载入英语。 各种形式合并在一起最后变成了typhoon 〔Arabian〕Of or concerning Arabia or the Arabs; Arab.阿拉伯半岛或阿拉伯人的：阿拉伯半岛或阿拉伯人的或与之有关的；阿拉伯的〔Semite〕A member of a group of Semitic-speaking peoples of the Near East and northern Africa, including the Arabs, Arameans, Babylonians, Carthaginians, Ethiopians, Hebrews, and Phoenicians.闪米特人：居住在近东和北非的讲闪语的一群民族中的成员，包括阿拉伯人阿拉姆人迦太基人、埃塞俄比亚人、希伯来人和腓尼基人〔Mozarab〕from Arabic musta'rib [would-be Arab] 源自 阿拉伯语 musta'rib [未来的阿拉伯人] 〔Ituraea〕An ancient country of northeast Palestine. The area was first inhabited by Arabians and later passed to Judea and Rome.伊特利尔：巴勒斯坦东北部的一个古国。这一地区最先是阿拉伯人居住，后来迁入了犹太人和罗马人〔aba〕A loose-fitting sleeveless garment made of this fabric, traditionally worn by Arabs.阿拉伯长袍：通常由阿拉伯人穿的由驼毛或山羊毛织物织成的宽大无袖的长袍〔Valence〕A city of southeast France on the Rhone River south of Lyons. Settled in Roman times, it was captured by the Visigoths ina.d. 413 and the Arabs c. 730. Population, 66,356. 瓦伦斯：法国东南部罗纳河上的一座城市，位于里昂以南，建立罗马时期，分别于公元 413年和730年被西哥特人和阿拉伯人所侵占。人口66,356 〔Jaffa〕A former city of west-central Israel on the Mediterranean Sea. An ancient Phoenician city, it was taken by the Israelites in the 6th centurya.d. and later fell to the Arabs (636), Crusaders (12th century), and Ottoman Turks (16th century). Jaffa was inhabited mainly by Arabs until the state of Israel was proclaimed in 1948. Since 1950 the city has been part of Tel Aviv-Jaffa. 雅法：以色列中西部的古城，位于地中海沿岸。是一座腓尼基古城，公元 6世纪被以色列人占领，后来先后受阿拉伯人(636年）、十字军(12世纪）和奥斯曼土耳其人(16世纪）统治中。雅法主要居住的曾是阿拉伯人，直到1948年以色列宣告成立。自从1950年起，该城成为特拉维夫-雅法的一部分 〔mattress〕The history of the wordmattress is a small lesson in the way amenities have come to Europe from the Middle East. During the earlier part of the Middle Ages,Arabic culture was more advanced than that of Europe.One of the amenities of life enjoyed by the Arabs was sleeping on cushions thrown on the floor.Derived from the Arabic wordṭaraḥa, "to throw,” the word maṭraḥ meant "place where something is thrown" and "mat, cushion.”This kind of sleeping surface was adopted by the Europeans during the Crusades,and the Arabic word was taken into Italian (materasso ) and then into Old French ( materas ), from which comes the Middle English wordmateras , first recorded in a work written around 1300. The Arabic word also became Medieval Latinmatracium, another source of our word.mattress 这个词的由来是康乐设施从中东传到英国的一个小小见证。 中世纪早期，阿拉伯人的文化要比欧洲文化进步。阿拉伯人生活中享受的一个康乐设施就是睡在铺在地上的垫子上。由阿拉伯语中的词taraha “扔”派生出来的词 matrah ， 意思是“铺着东西的地方”和“垫子，沙发”。这种睡觉方式被十字军东征时期的欧洲人采用，这个阿拉伯词因此进入意大利语(materasso )和古法语( materas )。 从这两个词又引出最早出现于1300年左右的一部著作中的中古英语词汇materas 。 这个阿拉伯词同时也被收入中世纪拉丁语，即matracium ， 这也是我们这个单词的另一个来源〔Edessa〕An ancient city of Mesopotamia on the site of present-day Urfa in southeast Turkey. A major Christian center after the third centurya.d. , it fell to the Arabs in 639 and was captured by Crusaders in 1097. 伊德沙：美索不达米亚的一座古代城市，位于今天土耳其东南部乌尔发一带。它是公元前 3世纪之后的一个重要基督教圣地，639年被阿拉伯人攻陷，1097年又被十字军占领 〔arabesque〕from Arabo [an Arab] 源自 Arabo [一个阿拉伯人] 〔orange〕Oranges imported to China from the United States reflect a journey come full circle,for the orange had worked its way westward for centuries, originating in China,then being introduced to India,and traveling on to the Middle East, into Europe,and finally to the New World.The history of the wordorange keeps step with this journey only part of the way. The word is possibly ultimately of Dravidian origin, that is, it comes from a language or languages in a large non-Indo-European family of languages,including Tamil and Telugu, that are spoken in southern India and northern Sri Lanka.The Dravidian word or words were adopted into the Indo-European language Sanskritwith the formnāraṅgaḥ. As the fruit passed westward,so did the word,as evidenced by Persiannārang and Arabic nāranj. Arabs brought the first oranges to Spain,and the fruit rapidly spread throughout Europe.The important word for the development of our term is Old Italianmelarancio, derived from mela, "fruit,” and arancio, "orange tree,” from Arabicnāranj. Old Italianmelarancio was translated into Old French as pume orenge, theo replacing the a because of the influence of the name of the town of Orange, from which oranges reached the northern part of France.The final stage of the odyssey of the word was its borrowing into English from the Old French formorenge. Our word is first recorded in Middle English in a text probably composed around 1380,a time preceding the arrival of the orange in the New World.从美国进口到中国的桔子恰恰反映出兜圈子似的行进里程，因为原产于中国的桔子几个世纪以来不断向西行进，先是被引入印度，之后传播到中东国家、欧洲，最后引进了新大陆，orange 这个词的发展历史只与桔子的发展历程在一部分时段上是有其同步性的， 它最可能是来源于达罗毗荼，也就是说，它来源于非印一欧语系中的一种或多种语言，包括用于印度南部和斯里兰卡北部的泰米尔语和泰卢固语。达罗毗荼语是以梵文形式引入印欧语系的，形式如narangch。 当这种水果向西传播时，这个单词也同样西传，从以下可得到明证，如波斯语中的narang 和阿拉伯语中的 naranj。 阿拉伯人把第一批桔子带到西班牙后，这种水果又迅速传遍整个欧洲。我们现时所用的这个词的发展期中重要的一词便是古意大利语melarancio ，源于 mela， “水果”及 arancio， “桔树”， 来源于阿拉伯语naranj。 古意大利语melarancio 翻译成古法语为 pume orenge， o 变换为 a 是因为受奥伦奇城名的影响， 桔子即由此地进入法国北部。这一单词长途跋涉的最后一站是它由古法语orenge 进入英语词汇。 我们所用的这一词汇最初载入中世纪英语是在大约1380年左右的一份文本当中，早于桔子进入新大陆的时间〔Acre〕A port of northern Israel on the Bay of Haifa. During the Crusades it changed hands many times between Christians and Moslems. Acre was ceded to the Arabs in the United Nations partition of Palestine in 1948 but was captured by Israel shortly thereafter. Population, 37,700.艾可：以色列北部海法湾上一港口，在十字军东征时期被基督徒和伊斯兰教徒轮番控制。艾可港在1948年被在联合国的巴勒斯坦人的代表割让给了阿拉伯人，但不久之后即被以色列人占领。人口37,700〔Arabian〕A native or inhabitant of Arabia.阿拉伯人：阿拉伯半岛原住民或居民〔Utica〕An ancient city of northern Africa on the Mediterranean Sea northwest of Carthage. According to tradition, it was founded c. 1100b.c. by Phoenicians from Tyre. The city declined in the first century b.c. and was finally destroyed by the Arabs c. a.d. 700. 尤蒂卡：非洲北部的一古代城市，临近地中海，位于迦太基的西北。据传它是于公元前 1000年左右由蒂尔城来腓尼基人创立的。此城于 公元前 1世纪左右衰落，最后于 公元 700年左右被阿拉伯人摧毁 〔Fars〕A historical region of southern Iran along the Persian Gulf. It was more or less identical with the ancient province of Pars, which formed the nucleus of the Persian Empire. The Arabs changed the name after they conquered the region in the seventh century.法尔斯：波斯湾沿岸南部伊朗一个历史上著名的地区。大约与波斯帝国的核心，古代珀斯省处于同一位置，7世纪阿拉伯人征服了这一地区之后更改了它的名字〔Barbary〕A region of northern Africa on the Mediterranean coast between Egypt and the Atlantic Ocean. Settled by Berbers in the 2nd millenniumb.c. , it fell to the Arabs in the 7th century a.d. From the 16th to the 19th century it was used as a base by pirates who raided ships in the Mediterranean Sea and extracted tribute from the European powers trading in the area. 巴巴里：北非一地区，濒地中海海岸，在埃及与大西洋之间。公元前 2000年时柏柏尔人定居于此。 公元 7世纪时被阿拉伯人占领。从16至19世纪成为海盗的据点。海盗们在地中海上洗劫船只，并从在此地区从事贸易的欧洲列强那里勒索钱财 〔Jerusalem〕The capital of Israel, in the east-central part of the country in the West Bank. Of immense religious and historical importance, the city was occupied as far back as the fourth millenniumb.c. and became the capital of King David c. 1000 b.c. Destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar in the sixth century b.c. , it was later ruled by Greeks, Romans, Persians, Arabs, Crusaders, and Turks and by Great Britain under a League of Nations mandate. Israeli forces took control of the city in 1967. Jerusalem is considered a holy city to Jews, Moslems, and Christians. Population, 446,500. 耶路撒冷：以色列的首都，位于西岸上该国中东部。该城在宗教上和历史上极大的重要性可以追溯到公元前 4000年， 公元前 1000年成为大卫王国的首都。于 公元前 6世纪被尼布甲尼撒毁灭。后被希腊人、罗马人、波斯人、阿拉伯人、十字军和土耳其统治过，最后受国际联盟的托管国英国控制。以色列军队在1967年控制该城。耶路撒冷是犹太教、穆斯林和基督教的圣地。人口446,500 〔Carthage〕An ancient city and state of northern Africa on the Bay of Tunis northeast of modern Tunis. It was founded by the Phoenicians in the ninth centuryb.c. and became the center of Carthaginian power in the Mediterranean after the sixth century b.c. The city was destroyed by the Romans at the end of the Third Punic War (146 b.c. ) but was rebuilt by Julius Caesar and later ( a.d. 439-533) served as capital of the Vandals before its virtual annihilation by the Arabs (698). 迦太基：非洲北部一古代城邦，位于今突尼斯东北部突尼斯湾沿岸。由腓尼基人于公元前 9世纪创立，并在 公元前 6世纪之后成为地中海上迦太基政权中心。该城在第三次布匿战争结束时（ 公元前 146年）被罗马人毁灭，但不久即被尤里乌斯·凯撒重建，此后（ 公元 439-533年）在被阿拉伯人灭掉之前（1698年）是汪尔达人的首都 |
| 随便看 |
英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。