| 单词 | 阿维斯陀 |
| 释义 | 〔marsupium〕[perhaps of Iranian origin] ; akin to Avestan marsū- [belly, paunch] [可能源于伊朗语] ；类似于 阿维斯陀语 marsū- [腹部，肚子] 〔manticore〕*-khvāra- [eater] ; akin to Avestan khvar- [to eat] * see swel- *-khvāra- [食者] ；类似于 阿维斯陀语 khvar- [吃] * 参见 swel- 〔paradise〕Perhaps the supreme example of the semantic process known as melioration is the wordparadise. In tracing this word from its origins to its present status,we see an elevation, or melioration, of meaning that raises the word to new heights.The history begins with the Avestan (the eastern dialect of Old Iranian) wordpairi-daēza-, "enclosure,” made up ofpairi, "around,” and daēza-, "wall.” The Greek military leader and historian Xenophon, who served with Greek mercenaries in Persia,first used the Greek wordparadeisos adopted from the Avestan wordto refer to the Persian kings' and nobles' parks or pleasure grounds.This Greek word extended to mean "garden" or "orchard" was an obvious choice for translators of the Bible into Greekto use both for the Garden of Eden and the Abode of the Blessed, or heaven.The Greek word was adopted into Late Latin and was used much as we might expect in its biblical senses in ecclesiastical Latin (Late Latinparadīsus ). The Old English wordparadis taken from Latin is found, but our word probably really established itself in Middle English (first recorded before 1200),derived both from Latin and from Old French, which had adopted the word from Latin.paradise. 这个词也许能作为词义进化最典型的例子， 从它的起源到现在的地位，我们可以看到词义的进化或改进把这个词带到了一个新的高度。这个历史过程从意为“领地，圈地”的阿维斯陀语（古伊朗人西部方言）pairi-daeza-, 开始， 由意为“环形的”pairi, 和意为“墙”的 daeza-, 组成。 曾随希腊雇佣军到波斯服役的希腊军事将领和历史学家色诺芬，首先使用了希腊语词paradeisos, ， 该词采用了阿维斯陀词，指波斯国王和贵族们的花园或游乐场，这个希腊词衍生到表示“花园”或“果园”，显然是译者在把《圣经》翻译成希腊文时所做出的选择，以用来表明伊甸园和天国或天堂，有这两种含义的希腊词被引入后期的拉丁语中且当它们在教会拉丁文（后期拉丁语paradisus )中意为《圣经》方面的意义时被更广泛地使用， 古英语paradis 一词来自拉丁文， 但我们用的这个词可能在中古英语（首次记录在1200年前）中真正确立了起来，人们发现它源于拉丁文和从拉丁文中采纳了这个词的古法语〔markhor〕mār [snake] from Avestan mairya- [treacherous] mār [蛇] 源自 阿维斯陀语 mairya- [欺诈的] 〔Mazdaism〕From Avestan mazdā [the good principle] 源自 阿维斯陀语 mazdā [好原则] 〔Zoroastrianism〕The religious system founded in Persia by Zoroaster and set forth in the Zend-Avesta, teaching the worship of Ormazd in the context of a universal struggle between the forces of light and of darkness.波斯教，琐罗亚斯德教，袄教：在波斯，由琐罗亚斯德创立的宗教派别，在阿维斯陀圣经中阐明其教义，在宇宙中光明与黑暗势力的斗争中，教导人们崇拜光明神奥尔穆兹德〔paradise〕from Avestan pairi-daēza- [enclosure, park] 源自 阿维斯陀语 pairi-daēza- [围地，公园] 〔per〕paradise , from Avestan pairi- , around; paradise , 源自 阿维斯陀语 pairi- , 到处; 〔Zend〕The Zend-Avesta.阿维斯陀经注解〔kiosk〕from Avestan *gaoshaka- [diminutive of] gaosha- [ear] 源自 阿维斯陀语 *gaoshaka- gaosha-的小后缀 [耳朵] 〔baksheesh〕from Avestan bakhsh- * see bhag- 源自 阿维斯陀语 bakhsh- * 参见 bhag- 〔bezoar〕pād- [protector] from Avestan pātar- * see pā- pād- [保护物] 源自 阿维斯陀语 pātar- * 参见 pā- 〔Avestan〕The eastern dialect of Old Iranian, in which the Avesta is written.阿维斯陀语：古伊朗东部方言，用以书写阿维斯陀语〔Ahriman〕from Avestan angrō mainiiuš [the evil spirit] 源自 阿维斯陀语 angrō mainiiuš [邪恶的神灵] 〔janissary〕cheri [special troops] from Middle Persian chērīh [bravery, victory] from chēr [brave, victorious] from Avestan chairya- [vigorous, brave] cheri [特种部队] 源自 中古波斯语 chērīh [勇敢的胜利者] 源自 chēr [勇敢的，常胜的] 源自 阿维斯陀语 chairya- [精力充沛的，勇敢无畏的] 〔Ormazd〕from Avestan ahurō mazdå * see Ahura Mazda 源自 阿维斯陀语 ahurō mazdå * 参见 Ahura Mazda〔bund〕from Avestan banda- 源自 阿维斯陀语 banda- |
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