| 单词 | 阿肯色州 |
| 释义 | 〔Conway〕A city of central Arkansas north-northwest of Little Rock. It is a trade and industrial center in an agricultural region. Population, 26,481.康威：美国阿肯色州中部一城市，位于小石城西北偏北方，是一个位于农业区内的贸易及工业中心。人口26,481〔Clarksdale〕A city of northwest Mississippi near the Arkansas border. It is a manufacturing center. Population, 19,717.克拉克斯代尔：美国密西西比州西北部一座城市，位于阿肯色州边界附近。为制造业中心。人口19,717〔Fulbright〕American politician who as U.S. senator from Arkansas (1945-1975) proposed the Fulbright Act (1946), which established an exchange program for American and foreign educators and students.富布赖特，詹（姆斯）·威廉：(生于 1905) 美国政治家，曾任美国阿肯色州参议员(1945-1975年），于1946年提出富布赖特法案，确立了美国与外国的学者和学生到对方国家交流进修的方案〔Jacksonville〕A city of central Arkansas northeast of Little Rock. A U.S. Air Force base is nearby. Population, 29,101.杰克逊维尔：阿肯色州中部一城市，位于小石城东北，美国空军基地在此附近。人口29,101〔Jonesboro〕A city of northeast Arkansas northeast of Little Rock. It is the seat of Arkansas State University (founded 1909). Population, 46,535.琼斯博罗：阿肯色州东北部城市，位于小石城东北。它是阿肯色州立大学（创办于1909年）所在城。人口46,535〔gallery〕In Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and southern Alabama,an open roofed porch that runs along at least one side of a house is called agallery: "Out on the small front gallery she had hung Bobinôt's Sunday clothes to air" (Kate Chopin).Craig M. Carver, the author ofAmerican Regional Dialects, points out that the word gallery, from Old French galerie, was borrowed into British English in the 15th century and was brought over to the American colonies by English-speaking settlers.Although the word in the sense "porch" did not survive in the American English of the East Coast,it was borrowed separately, probably from Acadian French,into the English of 18th-century Louisianaand there survived as part of the Gulf Southern dialect.在得克萨斯州、阿肯色州、路易斯安那州、密西西比和南部阿拉巴马，至少在房屋的一侧延伸出来的一种敞开屋顶的门廊被称作gallery： “出了前面的小门廊，她把博比内的最好的衣服晾在那里” （凯特·肖邦）。美国区域方言 的作者克雷格·M·卡弗尔指出 gallery 来源于古代法语 galerie ， 在15世纪借入英语并由讲英语的殖民者带入美国殖民地。虽然该词当作“门廊”的意义没有在东海岸的美式英语中保存下来，但是它很有可能被分开借自阿卡迪亚的法语，并在18世纪进入路易斯安那英语，并在那里保存下来而成为南部港口方言的一部分〔Blytheville〕A city of northeast Arkansas near the Mississippi River north of Memphis, Tennessee. It is a trade center in a cotton-growing area. Population, 22,906.布里兹维里：美国阿肯色州东北部城市，靠近密西西比河，在田纳西州孟菲斯市以北。是产棉区的贸易中心。人口22,906〔Fayetteville〕A city of northwest Arkansas in the Ozark Plateau north-northeast of Fort Smith. The University of Arkansas (established 1871) is here. Population, 42,099.费耶特维尔：美国阿肯色州西北的一个城市，位于史密斯堡东北部偏北欧扎克高原。阿肯色大学（建于1871年）就在该市。人口42,099〔Siouan〕A large North American Indian language family spoken from Lake Michigan to the Rocky Mountains and southward to Arkansas.苏族语：一种广泛使用的北美印第安人语族，使用范围从密歇根湖到落基山脉，南到阿肯色州广大地区〔Arkansas〕A state of the south-central United States bordered on the east by the Mississippi River. It was admitted as the 25th state in 1836. The region was first explored by members of Hernando de Soto's expedition in 1541 and passed to the United States in 1803 as part of the Louisiana Purchase. Little Rock is the capital and the largest city. Population, 2,362,239.阿肯色州：美国中南部一个州，东面以密西西比河为界。1836年成为第25个州。该地区最早曾由埃尔南多·行索托的探险队成员在1541年勘查过，1803年作为路易斯安那购置地的一部分归为美国。小石城为首府和最大城市。人口2,362,239〔Paragould〕A city of northeast Arkansas northeast of Jonesboro. It is a processing and trade center. Population, 18,540.帕拉戈尔德：美国阿肯色州东北一城市，位于琼斯博罗东北。是个加工业和贸易中心。人口18,540〔Camden〕A city of southern Arkansas south-southwest of Little Rock. It is a manufacturing and transportation center. Population, 15,356.卡姆登：美国阿肯色州南部的一座城市，位于小石城西南偏南。是一个制造业和交通运输业的中心。人口15,356〔dornick〕The worddornick is used from Pennsylvania westward to Illinois. It probably comes from Irish Gaelicdornóg, "a small round stone.” However, it is not clear which group of Gaelic-speaking Irish immigrants brought the word with them.Craig M. Carver, author ofAmerican Regional Dialects, thinks it unlikely that dornick came over with the large numbers of Irish immigrants after the famine of 1846-1847 since the word was apparently well established in Missouri and Arkansas by the middle of the 19th century.Carver attributes the introduction of the term to the Scotch-Irish Protestants from Northern Ireland who emigrated to America in the 18th century. Dornick must have been one of the "few purely Irish terms" in the otherwise English and Scots lexicon of the Scotch-Irish.单词dornick 的使用范围东起宾夕法尼亚州西至伊利诺斯州。 可能起源于爱尔兰的盖尔语dornog， “小而圆的石头”。 然而，究竟哪一批操盖尔语的爱尔兰移民带来的这个词尚不清楚。美国地区方言 的作者克雷格M·卡弗尔认为 dornick 不可能是在1846至1847年的大饥荒之后由爱尔兰人带来的， 因为该词在19世纪中叶就很明显地在密苏里州和阿肯色州使用起来了。卡弗尔认为该词是由来自北爱尔兰的苏格兰爱尔兰新教徒在18世纪带到美国来的。 Dornick 肯定是“少有的纯正爱尔兰语”之一，在苏格兰爱尔兰词典中是英语或苏格兰词语〔Rogers〕A city of northwest Arkansas north of Fayetteville. It is a processing center in a farming and tourist area. Population, 24,692.罗杰斯：美国阿肯色州西北一城市，位于费依特维尔以北。是畜牧区和旅游区的加工业中心。人口24,692〔Springdale〕A city of northwest Arkansas north of Fayetteville. It is a trade, processing, and shipping center. Population, 29,941.斯普林顿：美国阿肯色州西北部菲塔沃北的一城市，是贸易、加工、海运中心。人29,941〔Benton〕A city of central Arkansas southwest of Little Rock. There are bauxite deposits in the area. Population, 18,177.本托：美国阿肯色州中部，位于小石城西南。该地区产铝土矿。人口18,177〔tump〕The verbtump, used almost invariably with over in the intransitive sense "to fall over"and the transitive sense "to overturn,”is in common use in the South.The editors of theDictionary of American Regional English have collected evidence of its use in Arkansas, Texas, and Kentucky; it is also common in Alabama, Tennessee, and Georgia.This example supplied byDARE is typical: "When he brushed against the coffee table his Coke tumped over" (Little Rock, Arkansas, informant).But another citation, taken from Gregory Jaynes's parody of detective fiction, "In New York State: Who Poisoned the Pudding?” in the June 17, 1985, issue ofTime, indicates that tump may not be exclusively Southern: "At the end he tumps over into his rice pudding, poisoned. Whodunit?” As for its ultimate origin,tump is probably related to tumble as a separate development from the same Old English verbtumbian. 动词tump 几乎总是和 over 连用， 作不及物动词表示“倾倒，翻倒”，也可作及物动词表示“弄翻，翻转”，这个词在南部普遍使用。美国方言词典 的编辑们收集证据证明这个词用于阿肯色州、得克萨斯州和肯塔基州， 也普遍用于阿拉巴马州，田纳西州和佐治亚州。美国区域英语词典 中提供的这个例句很典型： “当他擦过咖啡桌时，他的可乐打翻了” （阿肯色州小石城，密告者）。但是从格里高利·杰恩斯的模仿侦探小说的作品《在纽约州：谁往布丁里下了毒?》（该作品刊登于1985年6月17日出版的时代 )中摘录的另一处引文却显示 tump 不一定只在南方使用： “最后，他跌倒在自己的稻米布丁中，被毒死了。谁干的?” 至于这个的词的最终来源，tump 可能与 tumble 有关， 它们分别从同一个古英语动词tumbian 发展而来 〔Quapaw〕A Native American people formerly inhabiting parts of Arkansas along the Arkansas River, with a present-day population in Oklahoma.瓜坡族：一支美洲土著人，原居住在阿肯色州的阿肯色河流域的部分地区，现居住在俄克拉荷马州〔Caddo〕A Native American confederacy composed of numerous small tribes formerly inhabiting the Red River area of Louisiana, Arkansas, and eastern Texas and now located in central Oklahoma.喀多族：美国土著人联盟，由数个以前定居在路易斯安那州、阿肯色州和东得克萨斯州的红河地区的小部落组成，现居住俄克拉荷马州中部地区〔Caddoan〕A family of North American Indian languages formerly spoken in the Dakotas, Kansas, Nebraska, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana, and presently in North Dakota and Oklahoma.喀多语系：北美印第安语的一支，以前在达科他斯、堪萨斯、内布拉斯加、得克萨斯、俄克拉何马、阿肯色州和路易斯安那这些地方使用，现今使用于达科他斯北部和俄克拉荷马地区 |
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