| 单词 | 附加 |
| 释义 | 〔business〕An incidental action performed by an actor on the stage to fill a pause between lines or to provide interesting detail.（演员的）动作：演员在舞台上为了填补背台词间的停顿和提供有趣的细节所做的附加动作〔reference〕A mark or footnote used to direct a reader elsewhere for additional information.参照符号：用来引导读者到别处寻找附加信息的符号或脚注〔expletive〕Added or inserted in order to fill out something, such as a sentence or a metrical line.附加的：附加的或插入的，为了充实诸如一个句子或诗句等东西〔tetrode〕A four-element electron tube containing an anode, a cathode, a control grid, and an additional electrode.四极管：包括一个阳板，一个阳极，一个控制棒和一个附加电极的四元素电子管〔attach〕To affix or append; add:附加：粘合或连结；添加：〔war〕A piece of liverwurst may perhaps help us gain some insight into the nature of war,at least into the semantic history of the wordwar. War and the -wurst part of liverwurst can be traced back to the same Indo-European root, wers-, "to confuse, mix up.” In the Germanic family of the Indo-European languages,this root gave rise to several words having to do with confusion or mixture of various kinds.In the case of the ancestry ofwar, the hypothetical Germanic stem .werza-, "confusion,” became .werra-, which passed into Old French, a language descended from spoken Latin but supplemented by more than 200 words borrowed from the Frankish invaders of the 5th century.From the Germanic stem came both the formwerre in Old North French, the form borrowed into English in the 12th century, and guerre (the source of guerilla ) in the rest of the Old French-speaking area. Both forms meant "war,” a very confused condition indeed.Meanwhile another Indo-European form derived from the same Indo-European root had developed into Old High Germanwurst, meaning "sausage,” from an underlying sense of "mixture,” which is, of course, related to the sense of the root "to confuse, mix up.”Modern Germanwurst was borrowed into English in the 19th century, first by itself (recorded in 1855) and then as part of the wordliverwurst (1869), the liver being a translation of Germanleber in leberwurst. 一块肝肠也许会帮助我们对战争的性质增加些认识，至少可了解war这一词的语义史。 War和 liverwurst 的一部分 -wurst 可以追溯到同一印欧语系词根 wers- “使迷惑，混杂”。 在印欧语系中的日耳曼语系中，该词根造出了好几个与迷惑或各种东西的混合物有关的词语。在war 的词源一例中，假定的日耳曼语词干 werza- “迷惑”变成了 werra- ， 又传入了来自拉丁语口语的古法语中，但是又附加了由5世纪法兰克侵略者带来的200多个单词。从日耳曼语词干中，既产生了古老的北部法语中的werre (12世纪该词传入英语），又产生了其它讲古法语地区的人用的 guerre ( guerilla 的词源）。 两个形式都表示“战争”，一个的确很糟糕的局面。同时，另一个从相同的印欧语系词根派生来的印欧语形式发展成了旧高地德语wurst “香肠”， 这是从其潜含义“混合物”而来的，“混合物”显然与“使困惑，混杂”的词根的含义有关。现代德语中的wurst 于19世纪传入英语中， 首先是它的独立形式（记载于1855年），然后是liverwurst 的一部分(1869年）， “肝”这层含义是由德语leberwurst 中的 leber 翻译而来 〔annex〕An addition, such as an appendix, that is made to a record or other document.附件，附录：附加于报告或其它文件之中的一个附加物，如附录〔adjunct〕Added or connected in a subordinate or auxiliary capacity:附属的：以从属或辅助身份附加或相联的：〔appendant〕Affixed as an appendage.附加的，附属的：作为附属品附加的〔hisself〕Speakers of some vernacular American dialects, particularly in the South, may use the possessive reflexive formhisself instead of himself (as in He cut hisself shaving ) and theirselves or theirself for themselves (as in They found theirselves alone ). These forms reflect the tendency of speakers of vernacular dialects to regularize irregular patterns found in the corresponding standard variety. In Standard English, the pattern of reflexive pronoun forms shows slightly irregular patterning; all forms but two are composed of the possessive form of the pronoun and -self or -selves, as in myself or ourselves. The exceptions are himself and themselves, which are formed by attaching the suffix -self/-selves to the object forms of he and they rather than their possessive forms. Speakers who use hisself and theirselves are smoothing out the pattern's inconsistencies by applying the same rule to all forms in the set.·A further regularization is the use of -self regardless of number, yielding the forms ourself and theirself. Using a singular form in a plural context may seem imprecise, but the plural meaning of ourself and theirself is made clear by the presence of the plural forms our- and their-. Hisself and theirselves have origins in British English and are still prevalent today in vernacular speech in England. 一些美国本土方言的使用者，尤其是美国南方人，可能会用所有格的反身代词形式hisself 代替 himself （如 He cut hisself shaving﹝刮脸时他割到自己﹞ ）以及 theirselves 或 theirself 代替 themselves （如 They found theirselves alone﹝他们发觉自己很孤独﹞ ）。这些形式反映出本土方言使用者试图规则化相应标准变化中的不规则模式。在标准英语中，反身代词模式显示出略微不规则模式的形成；除两个反身代词外，所有的反身代词都由代词的所有格形式加 -self 或 -selves 构成（如 myself 或 ourselves ）。例外的就是 himself 和 themselves ，将后缀 -self/-selves 附加在 he 和 they 的宾格形式而不是所有格形式上形成。采用 hisself 和 theirselves 的本土方言使用者消除了将同一规则用于一组中所有形式时产生的模式矛盾。进一步的规则化是不考虑数量而全部使用 -self ，由此产生 ourself 和 theirself 。在复数上下文中使用单数形式似乎有失严谨，但 ourself 和 theirself 的复数含义已由复数形式的 our- 和 their-清楚表明。Hisself 和 theirselves 起源于英式英语并在英国本土语言中依然流行 〔uncovered〕Lacking the protection of insurance or collateral security.未经保险的：未发保险的，无附加担保的〔adjunct〕Attached to a faculty or staff in a temporary or auxiliary capacity:辅助的：以临时或辅助身份附加于全体从业人员的：〔play〕To establish the winner of (a tie) by playing in an additional game or series of games.打加赛：通过打附加比赛或一系列比赛来产生（平局的）胜者〔bonus〕Something given or paid in addition to what is usual or expected.额外给予的东西：在平常或斯望之外附加给的东西〔photomap〕A map made by superimposing orienting data and markings on an aerial photograph.照相地图：根据航空照片上附加的导向数据和标记而绘制成的地图〔subjoin〕sub- [sub-] sub- [前缀，表“附加”] 〔epithet〕from Greek [neuter of] epithetos [added, attributed] 源自 希腊语 epithetos的中性 [附加的，增加的] 〔torque〕To impart torque to.使…旋转：附加旋转力于…〔recalculate〕To calculate again, especially in order to eliminate errors or to incorporate additional factors or data.重新计算：再一次地计算，尤指为消除错误或加入附加的因素或数据而进行的再计算〔appendage〕Something added or attached to an entity of greater importance or size; an adjunct.附属物，附件，附加物：附加或附在更重要或更大实体上的东西；附加物〔over〕In addition or excess; in surplus:附加地、多余地；剩余地：〔annihilate〕Latin ad- [ad-] 拉丁语 ad- [前缀，表示“添加”，“附加”] 〔adjunct〕Something attached to another in a dependent or subordinate position.See Synonyms at appendage 附属物，辅助物：附加于他物的处于附属或从属地位的物品 参见 appendage〔tack〕To add as an extra item; append:附加，添加：把…作为额外的一项加上；附加：〔together〕Together with, like in addition to, is often employed following the subject of a sentence or clause to introduce an addition.The addition, however, does not alter the number of the verb,which is governed by the subject: Togther with 象 in addition to 一样， 使用时经常跟在一个句子或从句后面以引入一个附加成份。但是这个附加成分不改变动词的单复数，动词的单复数还是由主语决定： 〔clasp〕A small metal bar or other device attached to the ribbon of a military decoration to indicate the action or service for which it was awarded or an additional award of the same medal.勋表附饰：附在军事奖章悬带上的小金属棒或其它物件，标示获得奖章的行为或服务或同一奖章的附加奖励〔tributary〕Making additions or yielding supplies; contributory.附属的，纳贡的：附加的或进贡的，贡献的〔subjoin〕To add at the end; append.增补；附加：在末尾添加〔adjective〕from adiectus [past participle of] adiicere [to add to] 源自 adiectus adiicere的过去分词 [附加] 〔appanage〕Latin ad- [ad-] 拉丁语 ad- [前缀，表示“附加”] 〔which〕Used as a relative pronoun in a clause that provides additional information about the antecedent:在从句中用作关系代词为其先行词提供额外附加信息：〔damping〕The capacity built into a mechanical or electrical device to prevent excessive correction and the resulting instability or oscillatory conditions.阻尼，减幅：附加于机械设备或电力设备上的效能，来阻止过多的修正量，以及所导致的不稳定性或振荡的状况〔margin〕To add margin to:交附加的保证金：〔schedule〕A supplemental statement of details appended to a document.附录：附加在文件后对细节的补充陈述〔annex〕To append or attach, especially to a larger or more significant thing.附加，添加：附加或添加，尤其从属于一个更大或更有意义的事物〔SSI〕Supplemental Security Income.附加社会保障收入〔append〕To add as a supplement or an appendix:附加，添加，贴上：作为补充或附属物增加：〔light〕Of or being an additive primary color.原色的，基色的：属于或是一种附加的原色的〔more〕A greater or additional quantity, number, degree, or amount:较大或附加的数量、数字、程度或总量：〔Velcro〕"Many colleges and universities have adopted a Velcro approach to curriculum design: sticking additional requirements on a base of distribution requirements"(New York Times)"In the early stages of a romance—the Velcro period—intimacy is rarely an issue"(Chicago Tribune)“许多学院和大学已采用了一种设置课程的维可牢方法：在分类要求的上插入附加的要求”(纽约时报)“在浪漫文学的早期阶段——维可牢时期——极少描述亲昵的行为”(芝加哥论坛报) |
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