| 单词 | 陌生 |
| 释义 | 〔probe〕An investigation into unfamiliar matters or questionable activities; a penetrating inquiry:调查，查究：对陌生的事物或可疑的活动进行的调查：〔rootless〕rootless refugees in a strange country.流落陌生国家的难民〔uncouth〕Middle English [unknown, strange] 中古英语 [不知道的，陌生的] 〔foreign〕moved to a strange city. See also Synonyms at extrinsic 搬到一个陌生的城市 参见同义词 extrinsic〔unfamiliar〕Not within one's knowledge; strange:不在知识范围的；陌生的：〔grok〕[Coined by Robert A. Heinlein in his] Stranger in a Strange Land [由罗伯特·A·海茵莱因在其] 陌生地带的陌生人 〔Heinlein〕American writer of science fiction whose works includeStranger in a Strange Land (1961) and The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress (1967). 海因莱因，罗伯特·安森：(1907-1988) 美国科幻小说家。其作品包括《陌生国土上的陌生人》 （1961年）和 《月球是个无情的情人》 （1967年） 〔depressed〕lonely and blue in a strange city;在一个陌生的城市里感到孤独和忧郁；〔alien〕Belonging to, characteristic of, or constituting another and very different place, society, or person; strange.See Synonyms at foreign 陌生的，异族的，异己的：属于、组成或具有另外一个完全不同的地方、社会或人的特征的；陌生的 参见 foreign〔agoraphobia〕An abnormal fear of open or public places.恐旷症；陌生环境恐怖：对公开或公共场合不正常的恐惧〔opossum〕The wordopossum takes us back to the earliest days of the United States. The settlement of Jamestown, Virginia, was founded in 1607 by the London Company, chartered for the planting of colonies.Even though the first years were difficult,promotional literature was glowing.In one such piece,A True Declaration of the Estate of the Colonie in Virginia, published in 1610, we find this passage: "There are . . . Apossouns, in shape like to pigges.”This is the first recorded use ofopossum, although in a spelling that differs from the one later settled on to reproduce the sound of the Virginia Algonquian word from which our word came.The wordopossum and its shortened form possum, first recorded in 1613 in more promotional literature, remind us of a time when the New World was still very new, settlers were few,and the inhabitants for whom the New World was not new were plentiful.词语opossum 把我们带回到了早期的美国社会。 伦敦公司，作为开拓殖民地的委托者，在1607年建立了弗吉尼亚詹姆斯敦的居民点。即使在最初的年代里很困难，激进文学也开始抬头。在其中有一篇于1610年出版的弗吉尼亚殖民地的真实宣言 ， 其中有一段“一种形似猪的动物”，就是最早的关于opossum 的记录， 虽然它的拼写和现在我们所使用的弗吉尼亚阿尔贡金语的拼写有所不同。词语opossum 和其缩写形式 possum 最初于1613年记录在更加激进的文学作品中， 让我们回想起当新大陆还很陌生而且只有很少的居住者时，已有许多对于新大陆并不陌生的土著居民〔speaking〕Ready and willing to communicate; not alienated or estranged:愿意并且希望交流的；不独处和陌生的：〔arrowroot〕The arrowroot is just one of many plants that the European settlers and explorers discovered in the New World.The Arawak, a people who formerly lived on the Caribbean Islands and continue to inhabit certain regions of Guiana, named this plantaru-aru, meaning "meal of meals,” so called because they thought very highly of the starchy, nutritious meal made from the arrowroot.The plant also had medicinal value because its tubers could be used to draw poison from wounds inflicted by poison arrows.The medicinal application of the roots provided the impetus for English speakers to remakearu-aru into arrowroot, first recorded in English in 1696. Folk etymology—the process by which an unfamiliar element in a word is changed to resemble a more familiar word,often one that is semantically associated with the word being refashioned—has triumphed once again,thus denying us the direct borrowing ofaru-aru and giving us arrowroot instead. 竹芋仅是欧洲探险家和拓荒者在新大陆发现的多种植物中的一种。曾居住在加勒比海各岛，现仍在圭亚那部分地区居住的阿拉瓦克人把这种植物称为aru-aru 意思是“餐中餐”， 这样称呼是因为他们非常看重这种用竹芋粉做成的淀粉状的，非常有营养的食物。这种植物同时还有医疗价值，因为其块茎可用来从毒箭箭伤处把毒吸出来。这种植物的医疗作用促使讲英语的人重新将aru-aru 命名为 arrowroot ，1696年首次在英语中予以记载。 词的通俗变化就是比较陌生的词被比较熟悉的词所替代的过程，常常是被一个语义上与被翻新的词有联系的词。这里，通俗词汇学又一次取得胜利，不允许我们直接借用aru-aru ，而是另给了我们一个 arrowroot 。 |
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