| 单词 | 除了 |
| 释义 | 〔limit〕"a pardon, so restricted that none were likely to be forgiven save those who had done no wrong" (John Lothrop Motley). 请原谅，如此地严格限制以致于除了那些从没做过错事的人，没有人可饶恕 （约翰·洛特诺普·莫特列）。 〔odds〕"The artist and the self-critic . . . are, with a few felicitous exceptions, forever at odds"(Joyce Carol Oates)“艺术家和自我批评…，除了一些幸运的例外，永远争执不下”(乔伊丝·卡罗尔·奥茨)〔clock〕An instrument other than a watch for measuring or indicating time, especially a mechanical or electronic device having a numbered dial and moving hands or a digital display.仪表，钟：除了时钟以外的测量或指示时间用的仪器，尤指一种有数字表盘、移动指针或数字显示的机械或电子仪器〔short〕Short of yelling at him, I had no other way to catch his attention.除了大声向他喊叫，我真想不出还有什么办法能引起他的注意〔loose〕loosed her from the responsibility.解除了她的责任〔sideshow〕A small show offered in addition to the main attraction, as at a circus.穿插表演：除了主要的吸引物外附加提供的小表演，如在马戏表演中的〔discard〕To play (a card other than a trump) from a suit different from that of the card led.垫出另一花色牌张：出不同于先前牌的一张合适牌（除了王牌的其他一张牌）〔niblick〕An iron-headed golf club with the face slanted at a greater angle than any other iron except a wedge; a nine iron.铁头高尔夫球棍：一种铁头的高尔夫球棍，有比除了楔子以外任何铁器倾斜度更大的斜面；九号球杆〔elite〕"In addition to notions of social equality there was much emphasis on the role of elites and of heroes within them"(Times Literary Supplement)“除了社会平等概念之外还强调其中精英们和英雄们所起的作用”(时代文学增刊)〔immediate〕"It is probable that, apart from the most immediate, pragmatic, technical revisions, the writer's effort to detach himself from his work is quixotic"(Joyce Carol Oates)“除了最当前的、实用的，技术性的修改外，作者使他自己远离作品的努力有可能是不切实际的”(乔伊丝·卡罗尔·奥茨)〔said〕The adjectivesaid is seldom appropriate to any but legal or business writing, where it is equivalent to aforesaid : the said tenant (named in a lease); said property. In similar general contextssaid is usually unnecessary, andthe tenant or the property will suffice. 形容词said 除了法律或商业用语外很少用，在法律和商业用语中它等于 aforesaid（上述的） ： the said tenant（该承租人） （用于租约）； said property（上述财产）。 在类似的普通语境中said 通常不必要， 只说the tenant 或 the propety 就够了 〔mainframe〕The central processing unit of a computer exclusive of peripheral and remote devices.主机：计算机除了外部设备和远程设备以外的中央处理器〔macabre〕The wordmacabre is an excellent example of a word formed with reference to a specific context that has long since disappeared for everyone but scholars. Macabre is first recorded in the phrase Macabrees daunce in a work written around 1430 by John Lydgate. Lydgate expressed it so because he thoughtMacabree was a French author, although he was actually dealing with the Old French phraseDanse Macabre, "the Dance of Death,” a subject of art and literature.In this dance,Death leads people of all classes and walks of life to the same final end.Themacabre element is thought by some to be an alteration of Macabe , "a Maccabee.” The Maccabees were Jewish martyrswho were honored by a feast throughout the Western Church,and reverence for them was linked to reverence for the dead.One of the biblical books of Maccabees also contains a passage (II Maccabees 12:43-45) mentioning sacrifices for the dead and their future resurrection,which has been used to defend the doctrine of Purgatory.Todaymacabre has no connection with the Maccabees and little connection with the Dance of Death,but it still has to do with death.单词macabre 是一个极好的例子，创造该词的来龙去脉除了学者之外早已被世人所遗忘。 Macabre 最早见于短语 Macabrees daunce 是在1430年前后约翰·利德盖特写的一本书中。 利德盖特这样表达是因为他认为Macabree 是源于法语的词， 实际上他指的是一个古老的法语短语Danse Macabre， “死神之舞，” 一个艺术与文学的主题。在这个舞蹈中，死神把各种各样的人带到了同一个终点。有人认为macabre 是 Macabe 的变体，“马加比人”。 马加比们就是那些犹太殉道者，在天主教会中通过节日表达对他们的敬意，对他们的尊敬和对死的敬畏是联系在一起的。基督教典籍中关于马加比人的书中有一段文字（Ⅱ马加比人12:43-45)提到对死者的祭祀和他们未来的复活，这段文字被用来捍卫关于炼狱的教义。今天macabre 与马加比人毫无联系， 与死神之舞相关甚少，但它仍与死亡有关〔but〕No one but she saw the prowler.除了她以外没有一个人看见那个行窃者〔rhetoric〕The wordrhetoric was once primarily the name of an important branch of philosophy and an art deserving of serious study. In recent yearsthe word has come to be used chiefly in a pejorative senseto refer to inflated language and pomposity.Deprecation of the term may result from a modern linguistic puritanism,which holds that language used in legitimate persuasion should be plainand free of artifice—itself a tendentious rhetorical doctrine,though not often recognized as such.But many writers still prefer to bear in mind the traditional meanings of the word.Thus, according to the newer use of the term,the phraseempty rhetoric, as in The politicians talk about solutions, but they usually offer only empty rhetoric, might be construed as redundant. But in fact only 35 percent of the Usage Panel judged this example to be redundant.Presumably, it can be maintained that rhetoric can be other than empty.单词rhetoric 曾主要是哲学的一个重要分支的和一种值得严肃研究的艺术的名称。 近年来，这个词已开始主要用于贬义，指夸大的语言和虚夸。这个词的改变可能源于一种现代语言的刻板做法，认为用于正当劝说中的语言应是朴素，没有人工雕饰的——它自身便是一种宣传性的修辞教条，虽然未常常被如此认为。但许多作家仍愿意记住这个词的传统含义。这样，根据这个词较新的含义，在The politician talk about solutions, but they usually offer only empty rhetoric 中，短语 empty rhetoric 可能被分析为多余的。 但事实上，用法委员会成员中只有百分之三十五的人认为在这个例子中是多余的。大概该词除了空的以外还有其他的意思吧〔property〕An article, except costumes and scenery, that appears on the stage or on screen during a dramatic performance.道具：除了化妆品和布景，在戏剧表演中出现在舞台或屏幕上的物件〔canter〕Most of those who have majored in English literature,and many more besides,know that Chaucer'sCanterbury Tales were told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury to visit the shrine of England's famous martyr Thomas à Becket.Many pilgrims other than Chaucer's visited Canterbury on horse,and phrases such asCanterbury gallop, Canterbury pace, and Canterbury trot described the easy gait at which they rode to their destination. The first recorded instance of one of these phrases,Canterbury pace, is found in a work published before 1636. However, in a work written in 1631 we find a shortened form,the nounCanterbury, meaning "a canter,” and later, in 1673,the verbCanterbury, meaning "to canter.” This verb, or perhaps the noun,was further shortened, giving us the verbcanter, first recorded in 1706,and the nouncanter, first recorded in 1755. 专业是英语文学史的绝大多数人，还有许多其他的人，都知道乔叟的 坎特伯雷故事集 是由一群朝圣者在坎特伯雷的路上讲述的， 他们去那里是为了瞻仰英格兰著名的殉道士托马斯· 贝科特的神殿。除了乔叟笔下的这些朝圣者外的许多其他朝圣者也骑着马前去。一些短语，例如Canterbury gallop，Canterbury pace 和 Canterbury trot 描述了这些朝圣者在骑往他们的目的地时的缓和步态。 这些短语最早见于记录的例子Canterbury pace 发现于1636年之前出版的一部著作中。 然而，在写于1631年的一部著作中我们找到了一个缩略的形式，名词Canterbuty， 意即“慢跑”； 后来在1673年，又有了动词Canterbury, 意为“慢跑。” 这一动词，或者也许是这个名词，后来又被进一步缩写成canter, 该动词最早被记录于1706年，而名词canter 则被最早记录于1755年 〔religious〕"Thou conclud'st like the sanctimonious pirate, that went to sea with the Ten Commandments, but scrap'd one [Thou shalt not steal] out of the table" (Shakespeare).“你象带着十诫出海的假装虔诚的海盗一样结束了演讲，但是把其中的一条 从桌子上擦除了” （莎士比亚）〔taboo〕Among the many discoveries of Capt. James Cook was a linguistic one, the termtaboo. Cook used this word in his journal of 1777while he was in the Friendly Islands (now Tonga).Hence, even though similar words occur in other Polynesian languages,the formtaboo from Tongan tabu is the form we have borrowed. The Tongans usedtabu as an adjective; they spoke of persons or things that weretabu, that is, "under prohibition, forbidden, or set apart. ”Cook, besides borrowing the word into English,also made it into a noun referring to the prohibition itselfand a verb meaning "to make someone or something taboo.”From its origins in Polynesian society the wordtaboo has spread throughout the English-speaking world and has been applied in ways that never occurred to the people from whom Cook originally borrowed it.詹姆士·库克船长的许多发现中有一个是语言上的，即taboo 这个词。 库克在他1777年的航海日志中使用了这个词，当时他在弗兰德里群岛（现在的汤加）。因此，虽然相似的词也曾出现在其它的波利尼亚语言中，但是从汤加语的tabu 发展而来的 taboo 这一形式就成了我们所借用的形式。 汤加人将tabu 用作一个形容词； 他们谈论某人或某事是tabu 的， 即意味着它们是“处于禁令下的、被禁止的或和别人分开对待的”。库克除了把这个词借用到英语中，还把它变成了一名词，表示禁止，也把它用作一个动词，意为“使其人或某事成为禁忌”。起源于波利尼西亚社会的taboo 这一词已在说英语的世界中被广为使用， 而它的一些用法是库克当年向其借用该词的人们所从未想到的〔outside〕We have no other information outside the figures already given.除了已提供的这些数字外，我们没有其它信息〔that〕In addition; besides:除了：除此之外；除了：〔powerful〕In the upper southern United States the wordspowerful and mighty are intensives used frequently like the adverb very : Your boy's grown powerful big.The new baby is mighty purty.Powerfulis used as an adjective in some expressions: The storm did a powerful lot of harm. In the same dialect regionthe nounpower has, in addition to its standard meaning, the sense of "a large number or amount.”This sense appears in theOxford English Dictionary as common in dialectal British English of the 18th and 19th centuries: "It has done a power of work" (Charles Dickens).All these derivative senses ofpower and might take advantage of the notion of strength inherent in these nouns, making them natural intensives. Colloquial English is always on the lookout for ways to make language more vivid with new intensives.We think of the upper southern part of the United States as linguistically conservative,but in fact it has preserved uses ofpower, powerful, and mighty that were innovative in their time. 在美国中南部powerful 及 mighty 这两个词用作强调词并与 very 一样用得很频繁： 你的儿子已长得很大了。新生儿非常干净。Powerful在有些表达中还用作形容词： 这暴风造成巨大灾害。 在同一方言区中，名词power 除了具有标准含义外， 还有“大的数字或数量”之意。该意义出现在牛津英语词典 中， 在18世纪及19世纪的英国英语方言中使用也十分普遍： “它已做了大量工作” （查尔斯·狄更斯）。所有power 及 might 的这些衍生意义都利用两个名词本身力量的含义而使它们成为强调词。 英语口语一直在寻求途径以运用新的强调词，使语言变得更为生动。我们认为美国中南部在语言的使用上是很保守的，但事实上，这部分地区却保留了在当时十分创新的power，powerful 及 mighty 的用法 〔side〕In addition to the main portion:另外：除了主要部分之外：〔Istria〕A peninsula of northwest Yugoslavia projecting into the northeast Adriatic Sea. The original Istrian inhabitants were overthrown by the Romans in the second centurya.d. Istria was subsequently occupied by Austria, Venice, and Italy. All but the area surrounding Trieste was awarded to Yugoslavia in 1946. 伊斯的利亚半岛：南斯拉夫西北一半岛，它伸向亚得里亚海东北部。公元 2世纪原来的伊斯的利亚居民被罗马征服。随后伊斯的利亚半岛又被奥地利、威尼斯和意大利相继占领。但是，在1946年，除了的里斯雅斯特周围地区全部划归了南斯拉夫 〔quintessence〕In ancient and medieval philosophy, the fifth and highest essence after the four elements of earth, air, fire, and water, thought to be the substance of the heavenly bodies and latent in all things.第五种要素：在古代和中世纪的哲学中，除了土、空气、火和水四大基本元素以外的第五种也是最高的精髓，被认为是天体的组成物质并潜伏在于所有事物之中〔nothing〕Nothing except your fears stands (not stand ) in your way. 除了你的恐惧之外没有什么（而不用 stand ) 可以阻挡你。 〔except〕Except in the sense of "with the exclusion of" or "other than" is generally construed as a preposition, not a conjunction.A personal pronoun that followsexcept is therefore in the objective case: Except 含有“除…之外”或“除了”的意思时， 通常用作介词而不是连词。人称代词用于except 之后时通常用宾格： 〔unless〕Except on the condition that; except under the circumstances that:除了：除了在…的条件下；除了在…的情形下：〔weekday〕Any day of the week except Sunday, or often except Saturday and Sunday.周日：除了星期日或常指除了星期六和星期日的一周中的任一天〔find〕The jury deliberated and found a verdict of guilty. All but one of the jurors found him guilty.陪审团进行商议并宣告作出有罪的裁决。除了一人所有的陪审官都宣布他有罪〔else〕I have always done it this way and I do not know how else it could be done. Where else would you like to go besides San Francisco?我总是这样做的，我不知道还有别的方法。除了旧金山你还要去什么地方?〔next〕Next to skiing, she likes hiking.除了滑雪，她最喜欢徒步旅行〔skewbald〕Having spots or patches of white on a coat of a color other than black:花斑的：在一外表除了黑色以外还有白色斑点或小块的：〔neoliberal〕"Old liberals esteem big institutions (except big business); neoliberals disdain bureaucracy and champion the entrepreneur"(Jonathan Alter)“旧自由主义尊重大的机构（除了大买卖）；新自由主义鄙视官僚机构，拥护企业家”(乔纳森·奥尔特)〔acrostic〕An acrostic gives the reader two for one,and the etymology of the word emphasizes one of these two.Our word goes back to the Greek wordakrostikhis, "acrostic,” which is a combination of Greekakron, "head,” and stikhos, "row, line of verse.” Literallyakrostikhis means "the line at the head,” emphasizing the fact that an acrostic has in addition to horizontal rows a vertical row formed of the letters at the "head" or start of each line.In ancient manuscripts, in which a line of verse did not necessarily correspond to a line of text,an acrostic would have looked particularly striking, with each of its lines standing by itself and beginning with a capital letter.Our word for this type of composition is first found in English in the 16th century.离合诗一词实际上有两种含义，在此这个词的语源只强调其中的一种。此词可追溯到希腊词akrostikhis “藏头诗”， 是希腊字akron “头，”和 stikhos “诗行”的合并。 akrostikhis 本来指“在开头的诗行”， 强调一首离合诗除了水平方向的行数外，还有由每一行的“头”或起首词组成的垂直方向的诗行。在古代的作品中，一诗行并不一定要和文章中的一行相对应。一首离合诗，当其每一行单列出来，且以一大写字母开头， 那就非常引人注目了。在英语中首次用藏头诗一词表示这种作品是在16世纪〔lucre〕When William Tyndale translatedaiskhron kerdos, "shameful gain" (Titus 1:11), as filthy lucre in his edition of the Bible, he was tarring the wordlucre for the rest of its existence. But we cannot lay the pejorative sense oflucre completely at Tyndale's door. He was merely a link,albeit a strong one,in a process that had begun long before with respect to the ancestor of our word,the Latin wordlucrum, "material gain, profit.” This process was probably controlled by the inevitable conjunction of profit, especially monetary profit, with evils such as greed.In Latinlucrum also meant "avarice,” and in Middle Englishlucre, besides meaning "monetary gain, profit,” meant "illicit gain.”Furthermore, many of the contexts in which the neutral sense of the word appeared were not that neutral,as in "It is a wofull thyng . . . ffor lucre of goode . . . A man to fals his othe [it is a sad thing for a man to betray his oath for monetary gain].”Tyndale thus merely helped the process along when he gave us the phrasefilthy lucre. 当威廉·廷代尔在他的《圣经》版本里把aiskhon kerdos （“可耻的收获”）翻译成 filthy lucre 时， 他就把lucre 这个词当作贬义了， 这个词以后也就这样解释了。但是我们不能把lucre 这个词的贬义全部归于廷代尔名下。 他只是整个过程的一个环节，尽管是个有力的环节，这个过程早在我们这个词的祖先，拉丁字lucrum （意为“物质获得，利润”）就开始了。 这个过程很可能与带有类似贪婪这样的罪恶利润，尤其是钱财利润不可避免地联系在一起。在拉丁文里，lucrum 也有“贪婪”的意思。 在中世纪英语中，lucre 除了有“钱财收入，利润”的意思之外， 还意味着“不正当的所得”。更进一步说，即使这个词意思是中性的，但上下文却不是那么的中性，比如“一个人为了钱财背弃自己的誓言。”廷代尔在给我们短语filthy lucre 时，仅仅有助于把这个过程延续下来 〔anorexic〕"The book consists of nineteen rather anorexic stories, stripped of all but vestigial traces of emotion and often of plot"(Madison Bell)“这本书包括十九个简短的故事，除了剩下的感情和情节描写外其它一切都省掉了”(麦迪逊·贝尔)〔Harriman〕American railway magnate. He joined J.P. Morgan and James J. Hill to form the Northern Securities Company, a railroad trust that was ordered dissolved by the U.S. Supreme Court (1904).哈里曼，爱德华·亨利：(1848-1909) 美国铁路大王，他与Ｊ·Ｐ·摩根和詹姆士·希尔一起成立了北部证券公司，美国最高法院于1904年解除了其已确定的某铁路的信托权〔heteroatom〕An atom other than carbon in the structure of a heterocyclic compound.杂环原子：杂环化合物结构中的除了碳之外的原子〔hubbub〕It has often been remarked that the Celtic inhabitants of Great Britain contributed very little to the stock of English words.Perhaps this should not be too surprising, given the difficult relations over the centuries between the people of Germanic stock and the people of Celtic stock in England and Ireland.It seems likely that a certain English contempt resides in the adoption of the wordhubbub from a Celtic source, which is probably related toub ub ubub, a Scots Gaelic interjection expressing contempt,or toabu, an ancient Irish war cry. In any case,hubbub was first recorded (1555) in the phrase Irish hubbub and meant "the confused shouting of a crowd.”In addition to the senses it has developed,hubbub was again used, possibly in a nonflattering way, by the New England colonists as a term for a rambunctious game played by Native Americans. 人们常说，居住在大不列颠的盖尔人对英语词汇没有多大贡献。如果考虑到几个世纪以来居住在英格兰与爱尔兰的日尔曼人与盖尔人之间的关系，那么这个情况就不足为奇了。英格兰人采用来自盖尔语的hubbub 这个词时，很可能是带有轻蔑之意的， 此词与ub ub ubub 有关， 是苏格兰盖尔语中用来表示轻蔑之意的感叹词；或者与古代爱尔兰语中的呐喊abus 有关。 无论怎样，hubbub 一词最早见于词组 Irish hubbub (1555年）中， 意为“人群发出的混乱吵闹声”。除了它本身就有的意思外，hubbub 一词又被新英格兰的殖民者用来指印第安人的一种野蛮的游戏，但这一用法可能不讨人喜欢 |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。