| 单词 | 霍夫 |
| 释义 | 〔Hof〕A city of east-central Germany near the Czechoslovakian border north-northeast of Bayreuth. First mentioned in the early 13th century, it passed to Prussia in 1792 and Bavaria in 1810. Population, 51,183.霍夫：德国中东部一城市，临近捷克斯洛伐克边界，位于白莱特东北偏北。首现于13世纪初，1792年时归属普鲁士并于1810年归属于巴伐利亚。人口51,183〔Kulturkampf〕"The 1920's proved to be the focal decade in the Kulturkampf of American Protestantism"(Richard Hofstadter)"20世纪20年代是美国新教文化斗争最激烈的年代”(理查德·霍夫施塔特)〔Esperanto〕After Dr. Esperanto , "one who hopes,” pseudonym of Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof (1859-1917), Polish philologist 源自 爱斯皮兰多 ，“个人希望，”路德维克·L·柴门霍夫（1859-1917年）的笔名，波兰语言学者 〔nascent〕"the moral shock of our nascent imperialism"(Richard Hofstadter)“对我们开始形成的帝国主义的心理震惊”(理查德·霍夫施塔特)〔embody〕"As John Adams embodied the old style, Andrew Jackson embodied the new"(Richard Hofstadter)“正象约翰·阿达姆斯体现了旧风格，安德鲁·杰克逊体现了新风格”(理查德·霍夫施塔特)〔Hofstadter〕American historian who won a Pulitzer Prize forThe Age of Reform (1955), a study of the Populist, Progressive, and New Deal eras. 霍夫施塔特，理查德：(1916-1970) 美国历史学家，他研究人民党党员、进步党党员及新政时期的《改革时代》 （1955年）一书获普利策奖 〔Hempstead〕A village of southeast New York on western Long Island southeast of Mineola. Settled c. 1643, it is the seat of Hofstra University (founded 1935). Population, 49,453.亨普斯特德：纽约东南的一小村庄，位于长岛以西，在米尼奥拉东南部。1643年有人开始在此定居，为霍夫斯特兰大学（创建于1935年）所在地。人口49,453〔apartheid〕Although South Africa has not furnished a great number of words that have achieved general currency in British and American English,one in particular,apartheid, has gained wide circulation. The first recorded use ofapartheid as an English term, in the Cape Times on October 24, 1947, is an ironic commentary on much of the word's use since then: "Mr. Hofmeyr said apartheid could not be reconciled with a policy of progress and prosperity for South Africa.” According to the March 15, 1961, issue of theLondon Times, the wordself-development was supposed to replace apartheid as the official term used by the South African Broadcasting Corporation for "the Government's race policies. ” And inMove Your Shadow, published in 1985, Joseph Lelyveld says that the "word is [now] shunned, even resented by the [National Party's] high priests as if it were an epithet fashioned by the country's enemies.” Butapartheid as a word and as a reality has been slow to disappear. The history ofapartheid, however, offers a possible model for change in this policy, for the word is an example of a mixture and combination of resources, in this case linguistic.Apartheid is an English word that came into South African English from Afrikaans, the language of the Dutch settlers of South Africa. They in turn had made up the word from the Dutch wordapart, "separate,” and the suffix -heid, which corresponds to our suffix -hood. Thusapartheid literally means "separateness.” The Dutch had earlier borrowed the wordapart, as did we, from the French phrase à part, meaning "to one side.” 尽管南非并没有向英国和美国英语里加入很多得以普遍使用的词汇，但尚有一例外，apartheid 这个词就得到了普遍应用。 apartheid 一词作为英语词汇的使用最早记录于1947年10月24日的 开普时报 上，从那时起对该词的使用就作了反讽式的评论： “霍夫梅伊先生说种族隔离制不能与南非进步及繁荣的政策相容。”根据1961年3月15日的一期伦敦时报 ， 南非广播公司试图以self-development 作为官方用语来代替 apartheid 表示“政府的种族政策”。 在1985年出版的移动你的影子 中，约瑟夫·莱莉瓦德说“这个词为高级牧师们所回避甚至痛恨， 似乎它是这个国家的敌人创造出来的修饰语。”但apartheid 作为词汇和作为现实存在消失得很慢。 然而apartheid 的历史为这种政策的变化提供了一个可能的模式， 因为这个词是语言学方面各种来源混合及联合的一个例子。Apartheid 是从南非的荷兰殖民者的语言进入南非英语的一个英语词汇。 依次由荷兰词apart “分隔”，和后缀 -heid （其与后缀 -hood 相对应）构成。 这样，apartheid 可逐字译为“分隔，隔离。” 荷兰人较早地借用了apart 一词，就如我们从法语里借用了意为“到一边”的 a part 一样 〔Hofstadter〕American physicist. He shared a 1961 Nobel Prize for determining the structure of protons and neutrons.霍夫施塔特，罗伯特：(生于 1915) 美国物理学家，因测定质子和中心的结构而获1961年诺贝尔奖 |
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