| 单词 | 非常 |
| 释义 | 〔way〕By a great distance or to a great degree; far:非常：远远地或大在地；非常：〔mighty〕To a great degree; extremely. Used as an intensive:极其，非常：在很大程度上；极其。用于加强语意：〔materialism〕A great or excessive regard for worldly concerns.物质中心主义：对世俗非常或过分的关心〔parallel〕One that closely resembles or is analogous to another:相似之物：与另一个非常相近或相似的东西：〔nonelected〕powerful nonelected bureaucrats.非常有权力的非经选举产生的官员们〔prevailing〕Most frequent or common; predominant.普遍的：非常经常或普遍的；有优势的〔Hand〕American jurist. As a federal judge (1924-1951) his influence was so great that he was sometimes called the "tenth man" of the U.S. Supreme Court.汉德，（比灵斯）利恩德：(1872-1961) 美国法学家在他于1924年至1951年任联邦法官时，其影响力非常之大，以至于有时候被人称为美国最高法院的“第十个成员”〔weird〕Of a strikingly odd or unusual character; strange.奇怪的：有非常奇异的或不寻常的性质的；奇怪的〔affined〕Linked by a very close relationship.关系密切的：由非常密切的关系联系着的〔outrageous〕Being well beyond the bounds of good taste:非常不文雅的：超越良好品位界限的：〔poop〕A person regarded as very disagreeable.非常令人讨厌的人〔acrostic〕An acrostic gives the reader two for one,and the etymology of the word emphasizes one of these two.Our word goes back to the Greek wordakrostikhis, "acrostic,” which is a combination of Greekakron, "head,” and stikhos, "row, line of verse.” Literallyakrostikhis means "the line at the head,” emphasizing the fact that an acrostic has in addition to horizontal rows a vertical row formed of the letters at the "head" or start of each line.In ancient manuscripts, in which a line of verse did not necessarily correspond to a line of text,an acrostic would have looked particularly striking, with each of its lines standing by itself and beginning with a capital letter.Our word for this type of composition is first found in English in the 16th century.离合诗一词实际上有两种含义，在此这个词的语源只强调其中的一种。此词可追溯到希腊词akrostikhis “藏头诗”， 是希腊字akron “头，”和 stikhos “诗行”的合并。 akrostikhis 本来指“在开头的诗行”， 强调一首离合诗除了水平方向的行数外，还有由每一行的“头”或起首词组成的垂直方向的诗行。在古代的作品中，一诗行并不一定要和文章中的一行相对应。一首离合诗，当其每一行单列出来，且以一大写字母开头， 那就非常引人注目了。在英语中首次用藏头诗一词表示这种作品是在16世纪〔fascinate〕To be irresistibly charming or attractive.迷人：非常有魅力，极度吸引人〔wanderlust〕A very strong or irresistible impulse to travel.漫游癖：非常强的或无法抵制的旅游的欲望〔heavily〕Very slowly and with difficulty; laboriously:费劲的：非常吃力地缓慢地；费劲的：〔Abbott〕American comedian noted for his partnership with Lou Costello. Abbott and Costello appeared in numerous motion pictures, includingThe Naughty Nineties (1945), which features their famous "Who's on First" routine. 艾博特，威廉：(1898-1974) 美国喜剧家，他与洛·科斯特罗的搭档非常引人注目。艾博特与科斯特罗出现在包括《淘气的九十岁》 （1945年）的许多电影中，这部电影体现了其著名的固定娱乐节目“谁最先上”的特征 〔jolly〕To a great extent or degree; extremely.很，非常，极：范围很广或程度很高地；非常〔exasperate〕To make very angry or impatient; annoy greatly.激怒：使生气或不耐烦；非常令人恼怒〔molto〕from Latin multum [from neuter sing. of] multus [many, much] * see mel- 2源自 拉丁语 multum 源自multus的中性单数 [许多，非常] * 参见 mel- 2〔assert〕"The taxpayer also asseverates that his return from Greece proves conclusively that his intentions were and are honorable" (Daily Report for Executives).纳税人同时郑重声明他从希腊的返回，本身就非常有说服力地证明他的意图，曾经是，现在也是诚实的 （行政官员每日报告）。〔Africander〕Any of a breed of tall red cattle that were originally developed in South Africa, are well adapted to heat, and have a humped back and large spreading horns.南非牛：任一种原产于南非的高大的红褐色牛，非常耐热，有隆起的背部和展开的大牛角〔plenty〕Sufficiently; very:充分地；非常：〔serendipity〕We are indebted to the English author Horace Walpole for coining the wordserendipity. In one of his 3,000 or more letters, on which his literary reputation primarily rests,and specifically in a letter of January 28, 1754,Walpole says that "this discovery, indeed, is almost of that kind which I call Serendipity, a very expressive word.”Perhaps the word itself came to him by serendipity.Walpole formed the word on an old name for Sri Lanka,Serendip. He explained that this name was part of the title of "a silly fairy tale, calledThe Three Princes of Serendip : as their highnesses traveled, they were always making discoveries, by accidents and sagacity, of things which they were not in quest of . . . One of the most remarkable instances of thisaccidental sagacity ( for you must observe thatno discovery of a thing you are looking for, comes under this description) was of my Lord Shaftsbury [Anthony Ashley Cooper],who happening to dine at Lord Chancellor Clarendon's [Edward Hyde],found out the marriage of the Duke of York [later James II] and Mrs. Hyde [Anne Hyde, Clarendon's daughter], by the respect with which her mother [Frances Aylesbury Hyde] treated her at table.”我们非常感激英国作家霍勒斯·沃尔浦尔创造了单词serendipity。 他文学上的声誉主要依靠他的三千封或更多的信件中的一封，尤其是写于1754年一月二十八日的信中，沃尔浦尔说道“这一发现，实际上几乎是我称作意外发现珍奇事物的本领，一个非常有意味的词。”可能他得到这个单词也是靠意外发现珍奇事物的本领。沃尔浦尔创造这个词源自斯里兰卡的旧称Serendip 。 他解释说这个名字是“一个朴素的神话故事，称作The Three Princes of Serendip （斯里兰卡的三个王子）的童话”的名字的一部分： 当这些殿下旅行时，他们总是通过意外和精明地发现他们并没有寻求的东西…这种accidental sagacity（意外的聪慧） 的最著名的实例( 你必须注意到根据这种描述你没有 发现你 正在 寻找的东西） 是我的沙夫茨伯里老爷，偶然在钱塞勒·克拉伦登老爷处用餐时，发现了约克的杜克同海德夫人的婚事是根据她的母亲在吃饭款待她时发现的”〔cool〕"A man . . ./Cool, and quite English, imperturbable" (Byron). “一个…非常英国式的人，冷漠而不易激动” （拜伦）。〔outside〕Very unlikely; remote:极少的，万一的：非常不可能的；细微的：〔certain〕Althoughcertain appears to be an absolute term, it is frequently qualified by adverbs,as infairly certain or quite certain. In an earlier survey,a majority of the Usage Panel accepted the construction 尽管certain 像一个独立的词， 它也经常被副词的限定，如相当确定 或 非常肯定。 据以前的调查，多数用法专题使用小组成员接受这一结构 〔microgravity〕An environment in which there is very little net gravitational force, as of a free-falling object, an orbit, or interstellar space.微重力：对于自由落体、轨道、或是星球间空间有着非常微弱净重力的环境〔sleuth〕To track down the history of the wordsleuth requires a bit of etymological sleuthing in itself.The immediate ancestor of our word is the compoundsleuthhound, "a dog, such as a bloodhound, used for tracking or pursuing.”This term took on a figurative sense,"tracker, pursuer,”which is closely related to the sense "detective.”Fromsleuthhound came the shortened form sleuth, recorded in the sense "detective" as early as 1872.The first part of the termsleuthhound means "track, path, trail,” and is first recorded in a Middle English work written probably around 1200.The Middle English word, which had the formsloth, with eu representing the Scots development of the Middle English (ō), was a borrowing of the Old Norse word slōdh, "a track or trail.” 要追溯sleuth 这个词的历史， 需要进行一点词源追踪。我们这个词最直接的来源是sleuthhound 这个复合词， 它的意思是“一种用于跟踪和追逐的狗，如警犬”。这个词获得了一种修辞上的意思，“跟踪者，追逐者”，这与“侦探”这个意义非常贴近。从sleuthhound 这个词产生了其缩写的形式 sleuth ， 早在1872年就有了“侦探”这个意思的文字记载。sleuthhound 这个词的前半部意思是“路径、道路或途径”， 它最早被记载在1200年左右的中世纪英语作品中。中世纪英语中的这个词借自古代挪威语中的slōdh ，“路径或途径”，它的形式是 sloth ，其后的 eu 代表了苏格兰语对中世纪英语(ō)的发展 〔capsule〕Highly condensed; very brief:概要的：高度概括的；非常简略的：〔crashing〕a crashing bore.非常惹人厌烦的人〔undershrub〕A very low-growing shrub.小灌木：生长得非常慢的灌木〔minion〕One who is highly esteemed or favored; a darling.红人：非常受人敬仰或喜欢的人；心爱之人〔miserable〕Very uncomfortable or unhappy; wretched.痛苦的：非常不舒适或不快乐的；可怜的〔beastly〕To an extreme degree; very.极：达到一个极端的程度；非常〔farthing〕Something of very little value.非常不值钱的东西〔weak〕"This city is for the King, whose body is fragile,a very unhealthy city" (Lord Dunsany). “这座城市是为躯体脆弱的国王准备的，一座非常不健康的城” （顿萨尼勋爵）。〔shocking〕Highly offensive; indecent or distasteful.令人厌恶的：非常让人讨厌的；粗鄙的或令人厌恶的〔awe〕We felt awe when contemplating the works of Bach. The imprisoned soldiers were in awe of their captors.当注视巴赫的作品时，我们肃然起敬。这些被关押的士兵对俘虏他们的人非常惧怕〔definite〕Clearly defined; explicitly precise:确切的：解释清楚的；非常精确的：〔arrowroot〕The arrowroot is just one of many plants that the European settlers and explorers discovered in the New World.The Arawak, a people who formerly lived on the Caribbean Islands and continue to inhabit certain regions of Guiana, named this plantaru-aru, meaning "meal of meals,” so called because they thought very highly of the starchy, nutritious meal made from the arrowroot.The plant also had medicinal value because its tubers could be used to draw poison from wounds inflicted by poison arrows.The medicinal application of the roots provided the impetus for English speakers to remakearu-aru into arrowroot, first recorded in English in 1696. Folk etymology—the process by which an unfamiliar element in a word is changed to resemble a more familiar word,often one that is semantically associated with the word being refashioned—has triumphed once again,thus denying us the direct borrowing ofaru-aru and giving us arrowroot instead. 竹芋仅是欧洲探险家和拓荒者在新大陆发现的多种植物中的一种。曾居住在加勒比海各岛，现仍在圭亚那部分地区居住的阿拉瓦克人把这种植物称为aru-aru 意思是“餐中餐”， 这样称呼是因为他们非常看重这种用竹芋粉做成的淀粉状的，非常有营养的食物。这种植物同时还有医疗价值，因为其块茎可用来从毒箭箭伤处把毒吸出来。这种植物的医疗作用促使讲英语的人重新将aru-aru 命名为 arrowroot ，1696年首次在英语中予以记载。 词的通俗变化就是比较陌生的词被比较熟悉的词所替代的过程，常常是被一个语义上与被翻新的词有联系的词。这里，通俗词汇学又一次取得胜利，不允许我们直接借用aru-aru ，而是另给了我们一个 arrowroot 。 |
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