| 单词 | 面具 |
| 释义 | 〔grimace〕probably from Frankish *grīma [mask] 可能源自 法兰克语 *grīma [面具] 〔visor〕A means of concealment or disguise; a mask.假面具：隐藏或伪装的手段；面具〔analogy〕Similarity in some respects between things that are otherwise dissimilar.相似，类似：不同事物的某些方面具有的相似性〔domino〕A costume consisting of a hooded robe worn with an eye mask at a masquerade.化妆斗篷面具：有眼面具，在化妆舞会上穿着的连帽化妆斗篷〔prosopopeia〕prosōpon [face, mask, dramatic character] pros- [pros-] ōpon [face] from ōps [eye] * see myopia prosōpon [面孔，面具，戏剧人物] pros- [前缀，表示“前，向”] ōpon [睑] 源自 ōps [眼] * 参见 myopia〔mascara〕Probably Spanish máscara [mask] ; akin to Italian maschera * see mask 可能为 西班牙语 máscara [面具] ；类似于 意大利语 maschera * 参见 mask〔shivaree〕Shivaree is the most common American regional form of charivari, a French word meaning "a noisy mock serenade for newlyweds"and probably deriving in turn from a Late Latin word meaning "headache.”The term, most likely borrowed from French traders and settlers along the Mississippi River,was well established in the United States by 1805;an account dating from that year describes a shivaree in New Orleans: "The house is mobbed by thousands of the people of the town, vociferating and shouting with loud acclaim . . . many[are] in disguises and masks; and all have some kind of discordant and noisy music, such as old kettles, and shovels, and tongs. . . . All civil authority and rule seems laid aside" (John F. Watson).The wordshivaree is especially common along and west of the Mississippi River, giving it an unusual north-south dialect boundary (most dialect boundaries run east-west in the United States).Alva L. Davis and Raven I. McDavid, Jr., callshivaree "one of the most widely distributed folk terms borrowed by American English from any European language.” Some regional equivalents arebelling, used in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio; horning, from upstate New York, Rhode Island, and western New England; andserenade, a term used chiefly in the South Atlantic states. Shivaree 是 charivari 这个词在美国的最普通的地方形式， charivari是个法语词，意思是“一种为新婚夫妇演奏的喧闹的嘲弄式小夜曲”，这个词本身可能是从一个意思为“头痛”的后期拉丁文演变而来。这个词极有可能是从密西西比河沿岸的法国商人和拓居者那儿借用而来，到了1805年这个词已经在美国深深地扎根了；一份可以追溯到这一年的记录描写了新奥良的演奏这种小夜曲的情况： “房子里挤满了成千从镇上来的人，喧嚷着，叫喊着，大声欢呼…许多人 化了装，带了面具，所有的人都搞出某种不和协、喧闹的音响，比如用旧水壶，铲子，钳子…一切世俗的权威和规则好象已经被放到了一边” （约翰F·华生） 。shivaree 这个词在密西西比河沿岸和该河以西尤为常见， 这样密西西比河就成了一个不寻常的方言区的南北分界线（而在美国大多数方言区的分界线都是东西向的）。阿尔瓦·L·戴维斯和小拉文·I·麦克戴维把shivaree 这个词称为“美国英语从欧洲语言中借来的民间用语中流传最广的一个”。 其它地方方言中相当于这个词的词有belling 在宾夕法尼亚州、弗吉尼亚西部和俄亥俄州流传； 纽约州上半部份，罗德岛州，新英格兰西部的horning ， 而大西洋沿岸南部各州主要用serenade 这个词 〔facemask〕A protective or disguising cover for the face, often enveloping the entire head:面具，面罩：为了保护或化妆而盖在脸上的覆盖物，常把整个头部裹住：〔mask〕To cover with a decorative or protective mask.带上：用带有装饰性图案的或具有保护功能的面具覆盖〔mask〕A covering worn on the face to conceal one's identity, as:面具，面罩，假面具：带在脸上以隐藏身份的覆盖物，如：〔masked〕Disguised or concealed as if by a mask:伪装的，隐藏的：象被一张面具所伪装或隐藏的：〔unmask〕To remove one's mask.脱去自己的面具（或面罩）〔domino〕The mask so worn.如此样戴着的面具〔domino〕probably from domino [mask, perhaps because of the resemblance between the eyeholes and the spots on some of the tiles] * see domino 2可能源自 domino [面具，可能因为眼孔和瓦上的斑点之间的相似故] * 参见 domino2〔unmask〕To remove a mask from.去掉面具的：将面具从…上除去〔personate〕from persōna [mask] * see person 源自 persōna [面具] * 参见 person〔larva〕The wordlarva referring to the newly hatched form of insects before they undergo metamorphosis comes from the Latin wordlārva, meaning "evil spirit, demon, devil.”To understand why this should be so,we need to know that the Latin word also was used for a terrifying mask,and it is this sense of the word that has come down to us.In Medieval Latinlarva could mean "mask or visor.” Larva is therefore an appropriate term for that stage of an insect's life during which its final form was still hidden or masked, and New Latinlārva was thus applied by Carolus Linnaeus, the Swedish botanist who originated our system of classifying plants and animals.The wordlarva is first recorded in English in its scientific sense in 1768, although it had been used in its "spirit" sense in 1651 and in a way that foreshadowed the usage by Linnaeus in 1691. larva 一词指昆虫在变形前刚孵化出来的幼虫， 来源于拉丁词larva ， 意为“邪恶的精灵，鬼怪，恶魔”。为了了解为什么，我们需要知道这个拉丁词语还用于指一种令人恐惧的面具，而且正是该词的这一层含义流传了下来。在中世纪的拉丁语中，larva 有“面具或面甲”的意思。 Larva 在形容昆虫成熟之前被隐藏或遮盖的这一段时期的时候，成为一个适合的名称， 这样新拉丁语的larva 一词首先由瑞典植物学家卡罗拉斯里纽斯赋予以上含义， 卡罗拉斯是首创动植物分类系统的第一人。虽然larva 一词在1651年曾经以其“精灵”一层意思被使用并在一定程度上预示了于1691年出现的里纽斯的用法，但是于1768年才以科学术语的形式首先在英语中出现的 〔masquerade〕from Old Italian maschera [mask] * see mask 源自 古意大利语 maschera [面具] * 参见 mask〔larva〕Latin lārva [specter, mask (because it acts as a specter of or a mask for the adult form)] 拉丁语 lārva [幽灵，面具（因为它以幽灵或成人形式的面具出现）] 〔mask〕A grotesque or comical representation of a face, worn especially to frighten or amuse, as at Halloween.（万圣节带的）面具：古怪的或惹人发笑的面部面具，尤用于唬人或娱乐，如在鬼节时常佩戴的〔mask〕A figure of a head worn by actors in Greek and Roman drama to identify a character or trait and to amplify the voice.面具：古希腊和罗马的戏剧演员佩戴的人物面具或头部面具，用以标明戏中人物性格或品质，同时扩大声音〔person〕probably from Etruscan phersu [mask] 可能源自 伊特鲁里亚语 phersu [面具] 〔proficient〕These adjectives mean having or showing knowledge, ability, or skill, as in a vocation, profession, or branch of learning.这些形容词的意思是在某一职业、技能或学术方面具有或显示出知识、能力或技能的。〔person〕from Latin persōna [mask, role, person] 源自 拉丁语 persōna [面具，角色，人物] 〔domino〕One wearing this costume.戴这种面具的人〔mask〕A covering, as of cloth, that has openings for the eyes, entirely or partly conceals the face, and is worn especially at a masquerade ball.（化妆舞会的）面具：布做面具，上有孔可露出双眼、全部或部分地遮住面部，尤在假面舞会上佩戴 |
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