| 单词 | 面对 |
| 释义 | 〔prospect〕The direction in which an object, such as a building, faces; an outlook.面向：物体（比如建筑）面对的方向；视野〔face〕had to face up or get out; finally faced up to the problem.不得不面对，否则就是逃避；最终勇于面对那个问题〔kiblah〕The direction facing the Kaaba, toward which Moslems look when praying.朝拜方向：伊斯兰教徒礼拜时所面对的卡巴清真寺方向〔toward〕In a position facing:面对：处于面对…的位置：〔lonely〕Henry Bradley, one of the four editors of theOxford English Dictionary, said "It is a truth often overlooked, but not unimportant, that every addition to the resources of a language must in the first instance have been due to an act (though not necessarily to a voluntary or conscious act) of some one person.”In many casesthis one person may have been an author,since the first recorded instance of a word is often found in an author's work.Of course, as Bradley warns,this is the firstrecorded instance; it is possible that a given author picked up the word or sense somewhere elseor that these reside undiscovered in an earlier work.In any caseit might be a minor relief of our condition the next time we feel lonely to know that the first recorded instance of the wordlonely occurs in the works of Shakespeare. The passage appears inCoriolanus (1607-1608) in a speech by Coriolanus to his mother Volumnia:"My mother, you wot [know] well/My hazards still have been your solace, and/Believe't not lightly—though I go alone,/Like to alonely dragon, that his fen/Makes fear'd and talk'd of more than seen—your son/Will or exceed the common or be caught/With cautelous [crafty] baits and practice.” Lonely here, of course, has the sense "solitary.” The dragon does not feel dejected,or if he does,he does not seem to know how to reach out to others effectively.牛津英语词典 的四位编纂者之一亨利·布莱德雷说： “人们经常忽视这样一个现实，但它并非不重要，那就是对某种语言词汇的每一次添加都首先是由于某一个人的行为（尽管不一定是自愿的或有意识的行为）”。许多时候，这一个人可能是个作者，因为一个词有记载的首次使用往往出自一位作者的作品。当然，正如布莱德雷所提醒人们的，这是首次有记载的 的例子； 某个作者可能是从别处学到这个词或这个意思，或是这个词或意思在更早的作品中已经出现，只是未被人们发现。不管怎样，当我们知道lonely 这个词的有记载的首次使用出现在莎士比亚的作品中时，这些都不大能减轻我们的沮丧心情。 在卡里奥拉纳斯 （1607-1608年）中， 卡里奥拉纳斯对他母亲弗罗姆尼娅讲的一段话中有这样的文字：“我的母亲，你清楚地知道／我的冒险一直是你的安慰，而且／不要轻信——尽管我要只身前往，／就象去面对一条孤单的 龙，他的沼泽／令人谈而色变，尽管并未亲见——你的儿子／决意或是胜过凡人或是被狡猾的圈套和手段擒捉”。 Lonely 在这里的意思当然是“孤单的”。 龙不会感到沮丧，即便它感到沮丧，他也不太可能知道如何让别人体会到它的感情〔northeast〕To, toward, of, facing, or in the northeast.东北的：向，朝，是，面对或在东北的〔devil〕Trouble to be faced as a result of an action:极大的麻烦：由于某种行为的结果而要面对的麻烦：〔efface〕face [face] from Latin faciēs * see dhē- face [面对] 源自 拉丁语 faciēs * 参见 dhē- 〔upstage〕To distract attention from (another performer) by moving upstage, thus forcing the other performer to face away from the audience.抢戏：移向舞台后部迫使另一演员无法面对观众从而分散观众（对另一演员的）注意力〔confront〕The defendant was confronted with incontrovertible evidence of guilt.被告被传来面对他确凿的罪证〔bear〕 Endure specifies a continuing capacity to face pain or hardship: Endure 尤指长期面对痛苦、艰难的能力： 〔despair〕Discouragement denotes loss of confidence or courage in the face of obstacles but is the weakest of these terms: Discouragement 是指在面对阻碍时丧失信心或勇气，但在这些词中，它“失望”的程度是最轻的： 〔juggernaut〕"It doesn't assume that people need necessarily remain passive when confronted by what appears to be the juggernaut of history"(Christopher Lehmann-Haupt)“它并不想当然地认为，人们在面对看上去是势不可挡的历史潮流的事物时必定会保持消极顺从的态度”(克里斯托弗·莱曼—豪普特)〔cope〕"Facing unprecedented problems, the Federal Reserve of the early 1930s couldn't cope"(Robert J. Samuelson)"20世纪30年代联邦储备银行面对空前没有的问题，无计可施”(罗伯特J.塞缪尔森)〔brazen〕To face or undergo with bold self-assurance:大胆自信地去面对或从事：〔brave〕 Courageous implies an act of consciously rising to a specific test by drawing on a reserve of inner strength: Courages 隐含着一个调动积蓄的内在力量而有意识地挺身而出面对某种考验的行为： 〔aspect〕A side or surface facing in a particular direction:方位，朝向：面对一具体方向的一侧或一表面：〔southern〕Situated in, toward, or facing the south.南方的：位于、朝向或面对南方的〔meet〕met his fate with courage.勇敢地面对他的命运〔wax〕"could afford . . . to wax sentimental over their heritage"(John Simon)“面对他们的遗产，能够变得多愁善感”(约翰·西蒙)〔coward〕One who shows ignoble fear in the face of danger or pain.胆小鬼：在面对危险和疼痛时表现出毫无恐惧的人〔lee〕Located in or facing the path of an oncoming glacier. Used of a geologic formation.冰川运动路线的：位于或面对冰川运动路线的。用于地质构造〔Brit〕"Americans approaching this new work of his are confronting not a hidebound Brit but a full-fledged citizen of Anglophonia"(Anthony Burgess)“处理他这项新工作的美国人面对的不是一个墨守成规的英国佬，而是一个操英语的成熟公民”(安东尼·伯吉斯)〔confidence〕 "It is native personality, and that alone, that endows a man to stand before presidents or generals, or in any distinguished collection, withaplomb ” (Walt Whitman). “这是天生的个性，这一特性赋予一个人可以冷静地 面对总统、将军或任何杰出人物” （沃尔特·怀特曼）。〔dayside〕The side of a planet facing the sun.白昼侧：面对太阳的行星的一侧〔dare〕To confront or oppose boldly; defy.See Synonyms at defy 向…挑战：勇敢地面对或反对；公然反抗 参见 defy〔cloister〕A covered walk with an open colonnade on one side, running along the walls of buildings that face a quadrangle.回廊，长廊：一侧有开敞柱廊的有顶的走道，沿着面对中庭的建筑物的围墙延伸〔survivalist〕One who has personal or group survival as a primary goal in the face of difficulty, opposition, and especially the threat of natural catastrophe, nuclear war, or societal collapse.生存主义者：面对困难、阻碍、尤其是自然灾害、核战争或社会崩溃时，把个人或集体的生存作为主要目标的人〔Xerox〕A trademark used for a photocopying process or machine employing xerography. This trademark often occurs in print in uppercase or lowercase as a verb, an adjective, and a noun:"Juicy stories circulated . . . in a book proposal that was Xeroxed and read as an alternate beach book in the Hamptons" (Washington Post). "Letters you send should be xeroxed after you sign them" (Progressive Architecture). "To walk around the . . . campus during the strike was to be confronted with their fact sheets, their xeroxed research summaries and news clips" (San Francisco Chronicle). "The group's teacher . . . asked the children how they would feel if they received a Xeroxed thank-you card" (New York Times). "He reaches inside his windbreaker to his shirt pocket. He has four or five sheets of foolscap, xeroxes, I see, of court documents" (Scott Turow). The trademark sometimes occurs in print in figurative contexts: 施乐：商标名，用于采用静电复印术的影印过程或机器。该商标常印刷为大写体或小写体，可作为动词、形容词和名词来使用：“在汉普顿斯，低俗的故事被印出后当作另一种消遣读物，夹在推荐书目中传阅” （华盛顿邮报）。 “您发出的信件应当在您签字后复印” （现代建筑）。 “在他们罢课期间只要围着校园走一走就会看到许多揭露真相的传单、复印的调查摘要和新闻简要（在游行中绕着营地走走就会面对许多事实传单，复印的研究略要和小道消息）” （旧金山年鉴）。 “老师问孩子们，当他们收到一张复印的致谢卡时有什么感觉” （纽约时报）。 “他伸到风衣里面去找衬衣口袋，我知道他有四五张复印的大页纸，我想，是法庭文件” （斯科特·丢诺）。这个商标有时用于比喻意义中： 〔terrace〕A flat, narrow stretch of ground, often having a steep slope facing a river, lake, or sea.阶地，段阶：经常面对河、湖泊或大海并有陡坡的平而窄的地面延伸〔face〕To overcome by confronting boldly or bravely:正视：通过直率而勇敢地面对来克服：〔unflappable〕Persistently calm, whether when facing difficulties or experiencing success; not easily upset or excited:不易惊慌的；镇定的：持久地沉着的，不管是在面对困难或经受成功时；不容易心烦意乱或激动的：〔magnetotail〕The long, trailing limb of the earth's magnetosphere on the side facing away from the sun.磁尾：面对太阳一边的地球磁气圈长而有轨迹的边缘〔right〕Intended to be worn or positioned facing outward or toward an observer:正面的：需要面向外或面对观察者穿着或放置的：〔front〕Demeanor or bearing, especially in the presence of danger or difficulty.举止，态度：尤指面对危险或困难时的行为或举止〔stand〕To confront fearlessly; face up to.勇敢面对；顶得住〔flatworm〕Any of various parasitic and nonparasitic worms of the phylum Platyhelminthes, such as a tapeworm or a planarian, characteristically having a soft, flat, bilaterally symmetrical body and no body cavity. Also called platyhelminth 扁虫：扁形动物门的寄生或非寄生虫中的任一种，以具有柔软、扁平且两面对称的身体和无体腔为特征，如绦虫或涡虫 也作 platyhelminth〔moxie〕The ability to face difficulty with spirit and courage.勇气：拿出斗志与勇气面对困难的能力〔front〕To look out on; face:朝…看；面对：〔withdrawal〕Retreat of a military force in the face of enemy attack or after a defeat.撤退：面对敌军进攻时或失败后的军事撤退 |
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