| 单词 | 面对面 |
| 释义 | 〔confrontation〕The act of confronting or the state of being confronted, especially a meeting face to face.对抗：对抗的行为或对抗的状态，尤指面对面的遭遇〔facedown〕A determined, resolute, often hostile confrontation with an opponent or enemy:对峙：坚决的、刚毅的，通常是充满敌意的和对手或敌人面对面：〔face〕In each other's presence; in direct communication:面对面；直接交流：〔blink〕"This was the first genuine, direct confrontation between this administration and the Soviets. It was the U.S.A. that blinked"(Zbigniew Brzezinski)“这是该政府和苏联第一次真正面对面的交锋。美国却先动摇了”(兹比格尼尤·布泽金斯基)〔superman〕Overman and Beyondman hardly seem likely names for a superhero, but perhapsOverman might be "leaping tall buildings at a single bound" had the German word Übermensch been translated differently than it was. However, Nietzsche's term for the ideal superior man was translated into English assuperman, first recorded in a work by George Bernard Shaw published in 1903. Such a term comes to us through a process called loan translation, or calque formation,whereby the semantic components of a word or phrase in one language are literally translated into their equivalents in another language,GermanÜbermensch, made up of über, "super-,” and Mensch, "man,” thus becoming superman. Becauseüber- can also be translated "beyond" and "over,” we also findoverman and beyondman as calques for the word Übermensch, but they did not take root.Shaw, in a letter written before 1917, noted that"some of our most felicitous writers . . . had been using such desperate and unspeakable forms as Beyondman, when the glib Superman was staring them in the face all the time.”Hence, when it came to naming a new comic strip hero,Superman was the logical choice, a name first recorded in 1938. Overman 和 Beyondman 看上去几乎不象超级英雄的名称， 但是，如果将德语中 Übermensch 这个单词译作不同于原有的译法时，那么，也许 Overman 可能是“纵身一跃就能跃过高楼大厦”。 然而，尼采给予理想超人的名称译成英语为Superman ， 这个词最早见于乔治·萧伯纳的出版于1903年的一部作品中。这个词是通过借译而来的，或者说是通过仿造而来的，在以上这样的过程中，一个词或词组的语义成分被直译成另一语言中的与之相对应的成分。德语单词 Übermensch 是由 uber （即英语中"super-”之意）和 Mensch （即英语中"man"之意）组成的，这样的话，此词在英语中就成了 Superman 。 因为 über 也可译为"beyond"和"over"， 所以我们发现 躡ermensch 也被借译为 overman 和 beyondman 。 但是，这两个词并没有在英语中确立下来。萧伯纳在写于1917年之前的一封信中说道：“一些措辞最巧妙的英语作家，竟一直使用象Beyondman这种令人绝望而又无法形容的词，却对一直面对面盯着他们的‘Superman’视而不见”。这样，当要命名一个新的连环漫画中的英雄时，Superman 一词就成了理所当然的选择，这个名称首次记录于1938年 〔gauntlet〕A form of punishment in which men armed with sticks or other weapons arrange themselves in two lines facing each other and beat the person forced to run between them.夹道鞭笞的刑罚：两排人面对面站着，手持棍棒或其他武器，令一个人从其中间跑过去，同时鞭打他〔landau〕A four-wheeled carriage with front and back passenger seats that face each other and a roof in two sections that can be lowered or detached.双排座活顶四轮马车：一种四轮马车，设有面对面的前后乘客座，两部分的顶棚可以下降或脱卸〔discuss〕The candidates agreed to debate the campaign issues face to face.候选人都同意就竞选问题进行面对面的辩论。〔confront〕To come face to face with, especially with defiance or hostility:面对：与…面对面的，尤指带有挑衅性或敌对性的：〔interview〕A formal meeting in person, especially one arranged for the assessment of the qualifications of an applicant.面试：面对面的正式会见，尤指为评价申请人资格而安排的会面 |
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