| 单词 | 革新 |
| 释义 | 〔Wright〕American architect and planner of innovative communities, including Sunnyside Gardens in Queens, New York, and Chatham Village in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.莱特，亨利：(1878-1936) 美国建筑师和革新社区的设计者，作品包括纽约昆区的向阳花园，和宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的查塔姆村〔Beaumont〕American surgeon whosePhysiology of Digestion (1833) revolutionized the study of gastric digestion. 博蒙特，威廉：(1785-1853) 美国外科医生，其《消化生理学》 （1833年）引发了胃消化研究的革新 〔futuristic〕Being ahead of the times; innovative or revolutionary:超前的：领先的；革新的或革命的：〔Borromini〕Italian architect and sculptor of the baroque. He revolutionized architecture with his treatment of space, light, and geometric shapes.博洛米尼，弗朗切斯科：(1599-1667) 意大利巴洛克式的建筑师和雕刻家。他用自己对空间、光线和几何造形的处理革新了建筑学〔generation〕A period of sequential technological development and innovation.阶段：持续的技术发展和革新的一段时期〔newfangled〕Fond of novelty.新奇的：喜欢革新的〔Taylor〕American inventor, engineer, and efficiency expert noted for his innovations in industrial engineering and management.泰勒，弗雷德里克·温斯洛：(1856-1915) 美国发明家、工程师和效率专家，他因在工业工程学和管理上的革新而著名〔Dahlgren〕American naval officer and inventor of innovative smoothbore armaments for the U.S. Navy.达尔格伦，约翰·阿道尔福斯·伯纳德：(1809-1870) 美国海军军官和发明家，为美国海军设计了革新的滑膛炮〔intrapreneur〕The wordentrepreneur is more than 150 years old, having come into English from French in 1828.But it is not until very recently that we find its intracorporate counterpart,intrapreneur, meaning "a person within a large corporation who takes direct responsibility for turning an idea into a profitable finished product through assertive risk-taking and innovation.”This coinage is generally attributed to management consultant Gifford Pinchot,author of the 1985 book entitledIntrapreneuring; others insist its true originator was Norman Macrae, deputy editor of theEconomist, although Macrae himself denies it.Still, whatever its exact source,in the scant number of years since its inception the termintrapreneur has gained currency very quickly. It has also given rise to various derivatives,such as the aforementioned gerundintrapreneuring, the noun intrapreneurship (as in a September 30, 1985, interview with Stephen Jobs inNewsweek : "The Macintosh team was what is commonly known as intrapreneurship—only a few years before the term was coined—a group of people going in essence back to the garage, but in a large company"),the adjectiveintrapreneurial, and another noun, intrapreneurialism ("what has become known as intrapreneurialism, where people within the corporation acquire more adventurous small business outlooks,” by Ian Hamilton-Fazy in "An Uneasy Co-existence,”Financial Times, October 23, 1984). Broad use of a word and the development of numerous derivatives are strong signals predicting staying power within the language.Intrapreneur and its spinoffs are of particular interest to etymologists and lexicographers because they illustrate the constant changes inherent in a living language.entrepreneur 一词已有150多年的历史， 于1828年从法语传入英语。但是直到最近我们才发现其在公司内部的对应人物intrapreneur ， 意为“对通过果断地承担风险和革新使想法变为有利可图的成品这一过程承担直接责任的大公司里的高级成员”。这个新造的词普遍认为应归功于业务顾问吉福德·平肖，1985年出版的名为Intrapreneuring 一书的作者； 其他人坚持其真正的发明者是经济学家 杂志的副编辑诺曼·麦克里， 虽然麦克里本人否认这一点。然而，不管其准确的起源是什么，自它开始出现以来的短短几年中，intrapreneur 一词已很快流行开来。 它同样产生了多个衍生词，例如前面提到的动名词intrapreneuring ，名词 intrapreneurship （例如新闻周刊 于1985年9月30日斯蒂芬·乔布斯的采访中： “马金托什队通常地以出色的企业运作而闻名——仅仅是这个词条被发明的几年前——一群实质上是回到汽车房的人，而现在不过是大公司的汽车房罢了”），形容词intraprenurial 以及另一个名词 intrapreneurialim （以企业运作主义出名的地方，在那儿公司内部的职员获得更为冒险的商业前景”，伊恩·汉密尔顿一费茨的“不稳定的共存”，金融时报 1984年10月23日出版）。 一个词的广泛运用以及无数派生词的产生是预示语言内部持久力的强烈的信号。词源学家以及词典编纂者对intrpreneur 以及它的派生词产生了独特的兴趣， 因为它们说明现用语言所固有的持续不断的变化〔Roentgen〕German physicist who discovered x-rays and developed x-ray photography, revolutionizing medical diagnosis. He won a 1901 Nobel Prize.伦琴，威廉·康拉德：(1845-1923) 德国物理学家，发现X射线并发展了X射线照相术，从而革新了医学诊断，曾获1901年诺贝尔奖〔experiment〕An innovative act or procedure:实验：革新的行为或程序：〔misoneism〕Hatred or fear of change or innovation.厌新症，革新嫌忌：对变化或革新的嫌忌或恐惧〔trailblazing〕Suggestive of one that blazes a trail; setting out in a promising new direction; pioneering or innovative:开拓的：使人联想起开拓道路的人的；向一个很有希望的新方向前进的；先驱的或革新的：〔overhaul〕To make extensive renovations or revisions on; renovate:革新：对…做全面革新或修订；革新：〔Tatum〕American jazz pianist whose harmonic and rhythmic innovations influenced many other jazz musicians.泰特姆，阿瑟：(1910-1956) 美国爵士乐钢琴家，他在和声和节奏上的革新影响过许多其他爵士音乐家〔innovation〕The act of introducing something new.革新：介绍新东西的行为〔trailblazer〕An innovative leader in a field; a pioneer.创始人：某一领域内的革新领袖；先驱〔Borlaug〕American agronomist. He won the 1970 Nobel Peace Prize for his attempts to overcome world hunger through advances in agriculture.布劳格，诺曼·欧内斯特：(生于 1914) 美国农学家，因试图通过革新农业来克服世界性饥荒而获1970年诺贝尔和平奖〔innovative〕Marked by or given to innovations.革新的，创新的〔intrapreneur〕A person within a large corporation who takes direct responsibility for turning an idea into a profitable finished product through assertive risk-taking and innovation.企业要人、企业家：对通过果断地承担风险和革新，使想法变为有利可图的成品，这一过程承担直接责任的大公司里的高级成员〔Masaccio〕Italian painter of the Florentine school whose revolutionary use of linear perspective and mastery of light and shade profoundly influenced Renaissance painting.马萨乔：意大利佛罗伦萨画派画家，他革新运用的直线透视法以及其对光与影的精通对文艺复兴时期的绘画产生深远影响〔innovate〕To begin or introduce (something new) for or as if for the first time.革新：第一次或好象第一次开始或介绍（新东西） |
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