| 单词 | 顽固 |
| 释义 | 〔irradicable〕Impossible to uproot or destroy; ineradicable:顽固的：不可能根除或摧毁；根深蒂固的：〔obstinacy〕The act or an instance of being stubborn or refractory.顽固或倔强的行为或例子〔crotchet〕An odd, whimsical, or stubborn notion.怪念头：奇怪的、奇异的或顽固的想法〔mulish〕Stubborn and intractable; recalcitrant.See Synonyms at obstinate 执拗的：顽固和不受影响的；执拗的 参见 obstinate〔positive〕Overconfident; dogmatic.独断的：过于自信的；顽固的〔testy〕To the casual eyetesty and heady seem to have no connection until one becomes less casual and notes that both words refer to the head.Thehead in heady is easy to see both in the form of the word and in the meanings of the word. The earliest sense,first recorded in a work composed before 1382,is "headlong, headstrong,”which is clearly a "head" sensebut so is the better known current sense "apt to go to the head, intoxicating.”To see thehead in testy, we must look back to the Old French wordtestu, the source of our word. Testu is derived from the Old French word teste, "head" (Modern French tête ). In Englishtesty developed another sense, "aggressive, contentious,” which passed into the sense we are familiar with, "irritable.” 粗看testy 和 heady 似乎没有联系， 直到一个人较为仔细才注意到两个词都指头部。heady 中的 head 很容易看出在形式与意义上均相似。 其最早的意义，首次记录于1382年以前的一部著作中，指“轻率的，顽固的”，显然是“头部”的意思，但现在更为人知的意思是“能入脑的；陶醉的”。而要看head 在 testy 中， 我们必须追溯到古法语testu ，我们这个词的词源。 Testu 源于古法语词 teste ，“头部”（现代法语 tete )。 在英语中，testy 所发展的另一层意思（“好战的，争论的”）转化成了我们熟悉的意思（“暴躁的”） 〔sturdy〕Middle English [stubborn, reckless, sturdy] 中古英语 [顽固的，鲁莽的，坚强的] 〔contumacy〕Obstinate or contemptuous resistance to authority; stubborn rebelliousness.叛逆性：顽固的或藐视性的反抗权威；顽固的叛逆性〔hardhead〕A stubborn, unmovable person.顽固的、不可动摇的人〔pertinacious〕Stubbornly or perversely persistent.See Synonyms at obstinate 顽固的：顽固地或刚愎地坚持的 参见 obstinate〔cancer〕A cancer of bigotry spread through the community.一种顽固的社会恶习扩散到整个社区〔contrary〕also [kən-trârʹē] Given to recalcitrant behavior; willful or perverse. 也作 [kən-trârʹē] 顽固的，任性的：好与人作对的；执拗的或故意作对的〔hardheaded〕Stubborn; willful.顽固的；任性的〔bullish〕Bullheaded.非常任性的，顽固的〔blitzkrieg〕Krieg [war] from Middle High German kriec from Old High German chrēg [stubbornness] * see g werə- 1Krieg [战争] 源自 中古高地德语 kriec 源自 古高地德语 chrēg [顽固] * 参见 g werə- 1〔indurate〕Hardened; obstinate; unfeeling.硬的，冷酷的：硬化的；顽固的；无感觉的〔bullheaded〕Foolishly or irrationally stubborn; headstrong.See Synonyms at obstinate 顽固的，刚愎自用的：愚蠢地或无理地顽固的；任性的 参见 obstinate〔piggish〕Stubborn; pigheaded.顽固的，愚蠢的〔stubborn〕Unreasonably, often perversely unyielding; bullheaded.顽固的：不合情理的，常指执拗的；倔强的〔pertinacity〕The quality or state of being pertinacious.See Synonyms at perseverance 坚持到底，执拗，顽固：坚持不变的特性或状态 参见 perseverance〔obstinacy〕The state or quality of being stubborn or refractory.顽固，倔强：顽固、固执或倔强的状态或性质〔fogy〕A person of stodgy or old-fashioned habits and attitudes.老顽固：一个顽固的或在习惯及看法上落伍的人〔headstrong〕Determined to have one's own way; stubbornly and often recklessly willful.See Synonyms at obstinate See Synonyms at unruly 刚愎自用的，固执己见的：决定自行其事的；顽固且通常不考虑后果地任性的 参见 obstinate 参见 unruly〔curmudgeon〕An ill-tempered person full of resentment and stubborn notions.脾气坏的人：满怀怨恨和观念顽固的坏脾气人〔strong〕a stalwart proponent of tax reform;对税务改革的顽固反对；〔malaprop〕"She's as headstrong as an allegory on the banks of the Nile" and "He is the very pineapple of politeness" are two of the statements from the mouth of Mrs. Malapropthat helped her name become synonymous with ludicrous misuse of language.Mrs. Malaprop, a character in Richard Brinsley Sheridan's playThe Rivals, produced in 1775, consistently uses language malapropos,that is, inappropriately.The wordmalapropos comes from the French phrase mal à propos, made up ofmal, "badly,” à, "to,” and propos, "purpose, subject,” and literally means "badly to the purpose,” or "inappropriate.” The Rivals was a popular play, and Mrs. Malaprop became enshrined in a common noun,first in the formmalaprop and later inmalapropism, which is first recorded in 1849.Perhaps that is what Mrs. Malaprop fearedwhen she said "An aspersion upon my parts of speech" and "If I reprehend any thing in this world,it is the use of my oracular tongue,and a nice derangement of epitaphs!”“她与尼罗河堤岸上的寓言一样顽固”和“他正是礼貌的菠萝”是从马勒普罗太太嘴里说出的两句话。她的这张嘴使她的名字成为荒唐地错用语言的代名词。1775 年，理查德·布林斯利·夏里丹写成了剧本情敌 ，马勒普罗太太就是这剧中的一个人物。 她不断地误用词语，即遣词造句不当。单词malapropos 来源于法语短语 mal _ propos， 构成是mal， “坏地”， _ “对于”和 propos， “目的，目标”结合起来，意指“对于目标不适当地”或“不恰当的”。 情敌 是一部很受欢迎的戏剧， 马勒普罗太太逐渐演变成一个大家都接受的名词。这个名词一开始的形式是malaprop ， 后来变成malapropism， 最早的记载是在1849年。可能使马勒普罗太太最为担心的，是当她说“对我部分言语所进行的诽谤”和“如果我还对这个世界上的任何事物能理解的话，那就是我玄妙的言语运用，以及墓志铭上那美妙的错乱!”〔wring〕wrung the truth out of the recalcitrant witness.从那个顽固的目击者口中逼出事情的真像〔die〕radicalism that dies hard.顽固的激进分子〔testy〕Alteration of Middle English testif [headstrong] 中古英语 testif的变化 [顽固的] 〔perseverance〕“'Tis known by the name of perseverance in a good cause,—and of obstinacy in a bad one" (Laurence Sterne). “大家都知道，毅力用于褒义而顽固用于贬义” （劳伦斯·斯顿）。 〔obdurate〕Hardened in wrongdoing or wickedness; stubbornly impenitent:顽固的：变不了恶行或邪恶的；顽固地不知悔意的：〔obstinate〕Stubbornly adhering to an attitude, an opinion, or a course of action; obdurate.固执的，顽固的：固执地坚持某种态度、观点或一系列的行为；执迷不悟的〔unruly〕Intractable refers to what is obstinate and difficult to manage or control: Intractable 指顽固的和不易管理或控制的东西： 〔ornery〕Mean-spirited, disagreeable, and contrary in disposition; cantankerous.See Synonyms at contrary 脾气坏的：性情上心胸狭窄的、不随和的且顽固的；脾气不好的 参见 contrary〔hidebound〕Stubbornly prejudiced, narrow-minded, or inflexible.思想偏狭顽固的、迂腐的或守旧的〔voluntary〕 Willful implies deliberate, headstrong persistence in a self-determined course of action: Willful 指在自己决定的行动过程中的故意的、顽固的坚持： 〔perseverance〕 Tenacity and especiallypertinacity suggest stubborn, often perverse persistence: Tenacity 尤其是pertinacity 意指顽固， 常常指刚愎自用的顽固： 〔oppose〕"The idea is inconsistent with our constitutional theory and has been stubbornly opposed . . . since the early days of the Republic" (E.B. White).“这种想法与我们的宪法理论不相符，一直受到顽固抵制…自从共和国成立早期就开始了。” (E.B.怀特）。〔unreconstructed〕Not reconciled to social, political, or economic change; maintaining outdated attitudes, beliefs, and practices.顽固的：不妥协于社会，政治，或经济的变化的；固守过时的态度，信仰和做法的〔sitzkrieg〕German Krieg [war] from Middle High German krieg from Old High German krēg [stubbornness] * see g werə- 1德语 Krieg [战争] 源自 中古高地德语 krieg 源自 古高地德语 krēg [顽固，坚持] * 参见 g werə- 1 |
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