| 单词 | 预知 |
| 释义 | 〔split〕They split Miami when the hurricane was forecast.当预知狂风到来时他们离开了迈阿密〔foresee〕foresaw the rapid increase in unemployment.预知失业人数激增〔presage〕A feeling or an intuition of what is going to occur; a presentiment.预感，预知：对将要发生的事的感觉或直觉；预感〔predict〕To state, tell about, or make known in advance, especially on the basis of special knowledge.预测，预知，预告：预先陈述、告诉或公布，尤指以特殊知识为基础〔prescient〕Of or relating to prescience.预知的，与预知有关的〔previse〕To know in advance; foresee.预见，预知：预先知道；预见〔foreknowledge〕Knowledge or awareness of something before its existence or occurrence; prescience.预知，先见：在事物存在或发生之前即对其产生认识；预知〔Arminian〕Of or relating to the theology of Jacobus Arminius and his followers, who believed that predestination was conditioned by God's foreknowledge of human free choices.阿米尼乌斯派教义的：雅各布斯·阿米尼乌斯神学及其追随者的，认为预定论是以上帝对人类自由选择的预知为条件的或与之相关的〔unexpected〕Coming without warning; unforeseen.无例外的，不可改变的：没有预知就来的；未预见到的〔foresee〕To see or know beforehand:预知，先见：事先明白或知道：〔moral〕"The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much" (James 5:16). “能预知未来的热情的祈祷者是非常正直的人” （詹姆斯5:16)。 〔read〕To foretell or predict (the future).预测，预言：预测或预知（未来）〔soothsayer〕One who claims to be able to foretell events or predict the future; a seer.预言者：宣称能预知未来事件或预言未来的人；先知〔who〕The traditional rules that determine the use ofwho and whom are relatively simple: who is used for a grammatical subject, where a nominative pronoun such as I or he would be appropriate, andwhom is used elsewhere. Thus, we writeThe actor who played Hamlet was there, sincewho stands for the subject of played Hamlet; andWho do you think is the best candidate? where who stands for the subject of is the best candidate. But we writeTo whom did you give the letter? sincewhom is the object of the preposition to; andThe man whom the papers criticized did not show up, sincewhom is the object of the verb criticized. ? Considerable effort and attention are required to apply the rules correctly in complicated sentences.To produce correctly a sentence such asI met the man whom the government had tried to get France to extradite, we must anticipate when we writewhom that it will function as the object of the verb extradite, several clauses distant from it.It is thus not surprising that writers from Shakespeare onward should often have interchangedwho and whom. And though the distinction shows no signs of disappearing in formal style,strict adherence to the rules in informal discourse might be taken as evidence that the speaker or writer is paying undue attention to the form of what is said, possibly at the expense of its substance.In speech and informal writingwho tends to predominate over whom; a sentence such asWho did John say he was going to support? will be regarded as quite natural, if strictly incorrect. By contrast, the use ofwhom where who would be required, as inWhom shall I say is calling? may be thought to betray a certain linguistic insecurity. ? When the relative pronoun stands for the object of a preposition that ends a sentence,whom is technically the correct form: the strict grammarian will insist onWhom (not who ) did you give it to? But grammarians since Noah Webster have argued that the excessive formality ofwhom in these cases is at odds with the relative informality associated with the practice of placing the preposition in final position and that the use of who in these cases should be regarded as entirely acceptable. ? The relative pronounwho may be used in restrictive relative clauses, in which case it is not preceded by a comma, or in nonrestrictive clauses, in which case a comma is required.Thus, we may say eitherThe scientist who discovers a cure for cancer will be immortalized, where the clausewho discovers a cure for cancer indicates which scientist will be immortalized, orThe mathematician over there, who solved the four-color theorem, is widely known, where the clausewho solved the four-color theorem adds information about a person already identified by the phrase the mathematician over there. ? Some grammarians have argued that onlywho and not that should be used to introduce a restrictive relative clause that identifies a person. This restriction has no basis either in logic or in the usage of the best writers;it is entirely acceptable to write eitherthe man that wanted to talk to you or the man who wanted to talk to you. ? The grammatical rules governing the use ofwho and whom apply equally to whoever and whomever. See Usage Note at else ,that ,whose 确定用法的传统规则who 和 whom 相对简单： who 语法上用作主语，同 I 或 he 等主格代词的位置相同， 而whom 用于别处。 这样，我们写The actor who played Hamlet was there （演哈姆雷特的演员在那边）， 因此who 代表的是 played Hamlet 的主语。 在句子Who do you think is the best candidate? （你认为谁是最好的候选人?）中 who 代表 is the best candidate 的主语。 但是我们说To whom did you give the letter? （你把信给谁了?）， 因为whom 是介词 to 的宾语； 在句子The man whom the papers criticized did not show up, （报纸上批评的那个人没有来）， 因为whom 是动词 criticized 的宾语 。在复杂的句子里，正确应用这些规则需要相当的努力和注意。正确地造出如I met the man whom the government had tried to get France to extradite （我遇到了政府曾努力让法国引渡的那个人）这样的句子， 在写whom 之前我们必须预知它将作动词 extradite 的宾语， 尽管两个词离得很远。这也就难怪自莎士比亚以来的作家经常把who 和 whom 交换使用了。 尽管在正式文体中两者区别仍然存在，但如果在非正式的交谈中严格地遵守这些规则会被认为说话者或作者可能不顾内容而过分注视说话的形式。在口语和非正式书面语中，who 趋向于代替 whom; 人们会认为象Who did John say he was going to support? （约翰说他将支持谁?）这样句子很自然，尽管严格来说它是不正确的。 相反，在应该用who 的地方用 whom 则显出一种语言上的不稳定， 如Whom shall I say is calling? （我说是谁在打电话?）。 当关系代词替代句尾的介词宾语时，whom 在理论上是正确的形势： 严格的语法坚持Whom （而不是 who ) did you give it to?（你把它给谁了？） 但从诺·韦伯斯特以来的语法学家认为whom 在这种情况下过分正式，而把介词放在句尾相对来说又不正式，这就有了矛盾，所以在这种情况下用 who 完全可以接受。 关系代词who 可以用在限定关系从句中，前面不要加逗号， 也可用在非限定关系从句中，则需要加逗号。所以我们既可以说The scientist who discovers a cure for cancer will be immortalized （发现治愈癌症的方法的科学家将会因此而不朽）， 在此处从句who discovers a cure for cancer 指这样的科学家将会不朽， 也可以说The mathematician over there, who solved the four-color theorem, is widely known （在那边的数学家非常出名，他解决了四色定理）， 从句who solved the four-color theorem 给已经由短语 the mathematician over there 确定了的人增加了一些有关他的信息。 有些语法学家认为只有who 而不是 that 可以连接表示人的限定性关系从句。 这种限制在逻辑上没有根据，在最优秀作家的用法中也未有根据；无论说the man that wanted to talk to you （想要跟你说话的那个人）或 the man who wanted to talk to you 都是完全可以接受的。 有关who 和 whom 的语法规则同样适用于 whoever 和 whomever 参见 else,that,whose〔foreknow〕To have foreknowledge of, especially by supernatural means or through revelation.预知：尤指通过超自然的方式或上天的启示预知〔prognostic〕Middle English pronostik [prognosticating, omen] 中古英语 pronostik [预知的，前兆] 〔anticipate〕Some people hold thatanticipate is improperly used as a simple synonym for expect; they would restrict its use to situations in which advance action is taken either to forestall (anticipate her opponent's next move ) or to fulfill ( anticipate my desires ). In earlier surveys, however, a majority of the Usage Panel accepted the use ofanticipate to mean "to feel or to realize beforehand" and "to look forward to.” The wordunanticipated, however, is not established as a synonym for unexpected. Thus 77 percent of the Usage Panel rejected the sentenceThey always set aside a little extra food for unanticipated guests, inasmuch as guests for whom advance provision has been made cannot be said to be unanticipated,though they may very well be unexpected.有些人认为把anticipate 作为 expect 的简单同义词并不恰当； 他们把这个词的用法限制在某种情境中，即抢在…之前行动(抢在对手的下步之前行动 )或满足( 满足我的欲望 )。 然而，在以前的调查中，用法专题小组大多数成员所接受的anticipate 的意思是“预感、预知”和“期望”。 可是，unanticipated 这个词并不能作为 unexpected 的同义词。 这样一来，用法专题小组中77%的人都不同意下面这句话他们总是额外留出一些食物给未预料到的客人 ， 既然已提前为这些客人们准备了食物，就不能说他们是未预料的，尽管他们是不速之客〔why〕"The reason why[regular verbs] are called regular is that we can predict what all the other three forms are" (Randolph Quirk)“[规则动词] 之所以称为规则是因为我们能够预知动词另三种形式的变化” (伦道夫·夸克)〔prognostic〕Of or relating to prediction; predictive.预知的：预言的或与之有关的；预知的〔foreboding〕A sense of impending evil.See Synonyms at apprehension 预知：不详之事来临的感觉 参见 apprehension〔prescience〕Knowledge of actions or events before they occur; foresight.预知，预见：对行为或事件发生之前的了解；预见 |
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