| 单词 | 饮酒 |
| 释义 | 〔abstinence〕 Abstinence implies the willful avoidance of pleasures, especially of food and drink, thought to be harmful or self-indulgent: Abstinence 暗指自愿地节制饮食和饮酒这些被认为有害或自我放纵的东西： 〔rocky〕Weak, dizzy, or nauseated, especially as a result of the excessive intake of alcohol or drugs.晕眩的：尤指因过度饮酒或吸毒而造成虚弱、昏花或恶心的〔dipso〕A person who has a compulsion to drink alcohol; a dipsomaniac.酒鬼：无法抑制、具有强烈饮酒冲动的人；嗜酒狂〔toast〕To drink to the health or honor of.为…而干杯：为…的健康或对…表示敬意而饮酒〔treat〕To pay for another's entertainment, food, or drink.请客：支付别人娱乐、吃饭或饮酒的费用〔roof〕The participants plan to dance, drink, and generally raise the roof at tonight's party.参与者们计划在今晚的聚会上跳舞、饮酒及总之是极尽喧闹之能事〔shebeen〕An unlicensed drinking establishment, especially in Ireland, Scotland, and South Africa.非法酒馆：尤指在爱尔兰、苏格兰及南非经营的无执照的饮酒场所〔toast〕The act of raising a glass and drinking in honor of or to the health of a person or thing.干杯：向一个人或物表示敬意或祝一个人健康而举杯饮酒的动作〔heeltap〕A small amount of liquor remaining in a container or drinking vessel.杯中残酒：残留在溶器或饮酒器皿之中的少量酒〔abstinence〕Teetotalers preach temperance for everyone.完全戒酒者为每个人祈祷节制饮酒。〔symposium〕A convivial meeting for drinking, music, and intellectual discussion among the ancient Greeks.交际酒会：古希腊时一种饮酒、听音乐和做理性讨论的交际聚会〔sottish〕Stupefied from or as if from drink.醉酒的：因饮酒或看似因饮酒而昏昏沉沉的〔saloon〕A place where alcoholic drinks are sold and drunk; a tavern.酒馆：卖酒或饮酒的地方；酒菜馆〔orgy〕The wordorgy has become connected in the minds of many of us with unrestrained sexual activity, but its origins are much less licentious.We can trace the word as far back as the Indo-European rootwerg-, meaning "to do"and the source of our wordwork. Greekorgia, "secret rites, worship,” also comes from the rootwerg-, by way of the form.worg-. The Greek word was used with reference to the worship and the ritespracticed in the worship of various deities,such as Orpheus and Dionysus.The word in Greek did not denote sexual activity,although this was a part of some of the various rites.The rites of Dionysus, for example, included only music, dancing, drinking, and the eating of animal sacrifices.Having passed through Latin and Old French into Englishthe wordorgy is first recorded in English with reference to the secret rites of the Greek and Roman religions in 1589. It is interesting to note that the word is first recorded with its modern sense in 18th-century English and perhaps in 17th-century French.Whether this speaks to a greater licentiousness in society or not must be left to the historian,but certainly the religious nature of the word has gone into eclipse.单词orgy 已经以不加节制的性行为的概念深植于我们许多人的头脑之中， 但它的原意却并非是很放荡的。我们可以追溯该词到印欧的词根werg- 当中， 意思是“做”，并且是我们work 一词的来源。 希腊语orgia, “秘密仪式，崇拜”， 也来源于词根werg-， 形式为worg- 。 希腊语中用其指崇拜以及一些仪式，这些仪式用于表达对各神明的崇拜，比如俄耳甫斯和狄俄尼索斯。该词在希腊语中并不是表示性行为，尽管性行为也是各种仪式中的一个部分。例如，狄俄尼索斯的仪式中仅仅包括音乐、舞蹈、饮酒和吃祭祀动物。从拉丁语和古法语转到英语，orgy 这一词在1589年首次在英文有记载表示希腊和罗马秘密宗教仪式含义。 有趣的是，该词早在18世纪也许17世纪就已有其现代意义的首次记载了。不论它是不是指社会中的一种大型的狂欢节（这是历史学家的事了），有一点是非常明确的，那就是这个词的宗教本质已经逐渐消失了〔serious〕engaged in serious drinking; made a serious attempt to learn how to ski backward; serious study of Italian.沉溺于饮酒；认真地试图学会怎样向后滑雪；认真地学习意大利语〔hobnob〕The fact that hobnobbing with our social betters may at times be a hit-or-miss propositionhas an etymological justification.The verbhobnob originally meant "to drink together" and occurred as a varying phrase,hob or nob, hob-a-nob, or hob and nob, the first of which is recorded in 1763.This phrasal form reflects the origins of the verb in similar phrasesthat were used when two people were toasting each other.The probable reason that the phrases were so used is thathob is a variant of hab, asnob is of nab, and that these in turn are probably forms of have and its negative. In Middle English, for example, one finds the formshabbe, "to have,” and nabbe, "not to have.” Hab or nab, or simply hab nab, thus meant "get or lose, hit or miss,” and the varianthob-nob also meant "hit or miss.” Used in the drinking phrase,hob or nob would have probably meant "give or take,” and from a drinking situationhob nob spread to other forms of chumminess. 与社会地位比我们高的人亲切交谈有时候是一种随随便便的行为，这种事实是有语源学上的根据的。动词hobnob 的初义为“一起喝酒”， 并有许多变体，如hob or nob ， hob-a-nob 或 hob and nob ， 其中第一个首见于1763年的记录中。这种词组构成反应了类似词组中的动词来源，他们都用于两个人互相敬酒的情况。这种词组如此使用的原因可能因为hob 是 hab 的变体， 而nob 是 nab 的变体，而且这两者又可能是 have 和其否定式的变体。 例如人们在中古英语中可发现habbe “有”和 nabbe “没有”的形式。 Hab or nab 或简作 hab nab， 就指“得到或失去，成功或不成功”， 其变体hob-nob 也有同样的意思“成功或不成功”。 在与饮酒有关的词汇中，hob or nob 可能指“自饮或敬酒，” 并从饮酒情况下使用的hob nob 扩展到其他亲密的场合 〔trashed〕Expressions for intoxication are among those that best showcase the creativity of slang. The boundless inventiveness in expressing the ordinary in not-so-ordinary ways led Walt Whitman to describe slang as"an attempt of common humanity to escape from bald literalism, and express itself illimitably.” Colloquial and slang expressions meaning "intoxicated" can fill several pages in slang thesauruses. Most fall into a few general groups. Common are expressions that originally meant "damaged, badly affected by something,” such as trashed, smashed, crocked, blitzed, hammered, wasted, messed up, and blasted. Cooking terms are also common, such as baked, fried, and boiled (said to have been coined at Princeton University in the 1920s). Terms relating to liquids or being filled are a natural source of metaphors for filling oneself up with drink or drugs: sloshed, oiled, tanked, and loaded are but a few. Some terms are not easily classified or have origins that are not fully clear, such as tight (first appearing in the 1830s), plastered (first appearing around 1912), blotto (perhaps from blot, first appearing in 1917), and stoned (apparently taken from such expressions as stone-drunk, stone-cold, and first appearing as stone in 1945). Most current terms for "intoxicated" are not very old, as one expects of slang terms generally; of those in the lists above, blotto, crocked, fried, loaded, plastered, tanked, tight, and oiled are recorded in the first half of the 20th century, and of these only tight and oiled are known to have existed before then. 表示喝醉的词语充分体现了俚语的创造性。用非同寻常的方式创造极为寻常的俚语，其间蕴藏了无限创造空间，华尔特·惠特曼将俚语描述为“让平常心从文字束缚中逃离，并随性表达出来” 。表示“喝醉的，酒醉的”的口语以及俚语的表达方式，可以填满俚语同义词的数页空间。大多数俚语可归入几个分类。许多常见俚语的原意为“被破坏的，受某物负面影响”，如 trashed、smashed、crocked、blitzed、hammered、wasted、messed up 以及 blasted 。烹饪词汇也很普遍，如 baked、fried 和 boiled （据说由普林斯顿大学于20世纪20年代创造）。与液体或注入有关的词语是隐喻表示过多饮酒或吸毒而形成的自然来源： sloshed、oiled、tanked 和 loaded 只是其中少数例子。有些词语不易界定其类别或其原意较不清楚，如 tight （首次出现于19世纪30年代）、 plastered （首次出现于1912年）、 blotto （可能源自 blot ，首次出现于1917年）以及 stoned （显然来自词语 stone-drunk和stone-cold ，并于1945年首次以 stone 的形式出现）。正如大家对俚语的普遍看法，大多数表示“喝醉的，酒醉的”的现行词语都较新；在如上所列词汇中， blotto、crocked、fried、loaded、plastered、tanked、tight 和 oiled 首次见载于19世纪中叶，只有 tight 和 oiled 是所知早于那个时期 〔booze〕A drinking spree.一种饮酒性寻欢〔katzenjammer〕German [hangover] 德语 [过渡饮酒后不舒服的感觉] 〔orgy〕A secret rite in the cults of ancient Greek or Roman deities, typically involving frenzied singing, dancing, drinking, and sexual activity.秘密祭神仪式：古希腊或罗马时代宗教团体中的一种神秘仪式，典型地表现为狂乱的歌唱、跳舞、饮酒和性行为〔insobriety〕Lack of sobriety; intemperance, especially in drinking.不清醒；无节制，特别是饮酒方面〔intemperate〕Not temperate or moderate; excessive, especially in the use of alcoholic beverages.无节制的；过分的，尤其指在饮酒方面〔libation〕The act of drinking an intoxicating beverage.饮酒：喝某种酒的行为〔vinous〕Affected or caused by the consumption of wine.嗜酒的：饮酒影响的或造成的〔underage〕Below the customary or legal age, as for drinking or voting.未成年的：低于饮酒或投票的通常或法定年龄的〔bout〕"His tremendous bouts of drinking had wrecked his health"(Thomas Wolfe)“他猛烈的多次饮酒损害了他的健康”(托马斯·沃尔夫)〔alcoholism〕A chronic, progressive pathological condition, mainly affecting the nervous and digestive systems, caused by the excessive and habitual consumption of alcohol.酒精中毒：由过量及习惯性饮酒而造成的一种慢性渐进的病理状况，主要影响神经及消化系统〔temperance〕Restraint in the use of or abstinence from alcoholic liquors.See Synonyms at abstinence 戒酒：在饮酒方面节制或禁止 参见 abstinence〔sotted〕Muddled or stupefied, especially with liquor; besotted.醉酒的：糊里糊涂的或昏昏沉沉的（尤指因饮酒）；稀里糊涂的〔tankard〕A large drinking cup having a single handle and often a hinged cover, especially a tall pewter or silver mug.大酒杯：一种带有单柄并经常有一个连着杯体的杯盖的大饮酒杯，尤指一种高大的锡铅合金杯或银酒杯〔carouse〕The origin of the wordcarouse can be found in a German interjection that meant "time to leave the bar.” Germangaraus, which is derived from the phrase gar ("all") aus ("out"), meaning "all out,” then came to mean "drink up, bottoms up,” and "a last drink before closing time.”The English borrowed this noun, with the meaning "the practice of sitting around drinking until closing time,”sometimes spelling the wordgaraus but usually spelling it closer to the way it is spelled today.Soon after the word is first recorded as a noun in 1559,we find the verbcarouse, in 1567. 单词carouse 的词源可以在意为“是离开酒吧的时候了”的日耳曼语感叹词中找到。 日耳曼语garaus 是从短语 gar （“所有的”） aus （“出去”），即“竭尽全力。全力以赴”的意思中衍生出来的； 接着又表示“喝光，干杯”和“打烊前的最后一杯”的意思。英语中借用这个名词，意为“坐着饮酒直至打烊的做法”；有时拼写成garaus ， 但通常其拼写更接近于现今的拼法。该词于1559年首次做名词记录下来后，我们很快地在1567年发现了动词carouse 〔tipple〕To drink (alcoholic liquor) or engage in such drinking, especially habitually or to excess.酗酒：饮用（酒精饮料）或参与这种饮酒活动，尤指习惯性地或过度地〔potatory〕Of, relating to, or given to drinking.有关饮酒的：饮酒的，与饮酒有关的或嗜酒的 |
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