| 单词 | 首府 |
| 释义 | 〔Riga〕A city of western European U.S.S.R. on theGulf of Riga, an inlet of the Baltic Sea bordering on Latvia and Estonia. Founded as a trading post on a site originally inhabited by Baltic tribes, the city became a member of the Hanseatic League in 1282 and later passed to Poland (1581), Sweden (1621), and Russia (1710). It is the capital and largest city of Latvia. Population, 883,000. 里加：苏联西欧部分一城市，位于里加湾 沿岸，它是波罗的海的一个海湾，毗邻拉脱维亚和爱沙尼亚，最初由波罗的海商旅居住而成为商贸中心，该城市于1282年成为汉萨同盟的一员，后来先后被划归波兰(1581年）、瑞典(1621年）和沙俄(1710年），该城是拉脱维亚的首府和最大的城市。人口883,000 〔Salem〕The capital of Oregon, in the northwest part of the state on the Willamette River south-southwest of Portland. Founded c. 1840, it became territorial capital in 1851 and state capital in 1859. Population, 107,786.塞勒姆：美国俄勒冈州首府，位于州西北部的威廉梅特河畔及波特兰西南偏南部，19世纪40年代建立，1851年成为地方首府，1859年成为州首府。人口107,786〔Kishinev〕A city of southwest European U.S.S.R. near the Romanian border northwest of Odessa. Founded as a monastery center in the early 15th century, it is the capital of Moldavia. Population, 624,000.基什尼奥夫：苏联欧洲部分西南部一城市，靠近罗马尼亚边境，位于敖德萨西北。它于15世纪早期建立成为一个修道院中心。它是摩尔达维亚首府。人口624,000〔Monterey〕A city of western California south of San Francisco onMonterey Bay, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean. First settled in 1770 around a Franciscan mission, Monterey was a Spanish colonial capital for much of the time from 1774 to 1846, when it was taken by U.S. naval forces. The city and scenic Monterey Peninsula attract many tourists to the area. Population, 31,954. 蒙特里：美国加利福尼亚西部一城市，位于旧金山南部，太平洋的一个小入海口蒙特里海湾 沿岸。最早1770年建于弗朗西斯科教区附近，1774年到1846年的大部分时期中它是西班牙的殖民地首府，1846年被美国海军占领。该市和风景优美的 蒙特里半岛 成为游客向往的旅游胜地。人口31,954 〔Austin〕The capital of Texas, in the south-central part of the state. Austin was selected as the capital of the Republic of Texas in 1839 and became the permanent capital of the state of Texas in 1870. The main campus of the University of Texas (established 1881) is here. Population, 465,622.奥斯汀：美国得克萨斯州首府，位于该州中南部。该城于1839年被选为得克萨斯共和国首都，并于1870年成为该州永久性首府。得克萨斯大学（建于1881年）的主要校址即在此。人口465,622〔Texas〕A state of the south-central United States. It was admitted as the 28th state in 1845. Explored by the Spanish in the 16th and 17th centuries, the region became a province of Mexico in the early 19th century. Texans won their independence in 1836 after a gallant but losing stand at the Alamo in February and a defeat of Santa Ana's forces at the Battle of San Jacinto (April 21). Denied admission as a state by antislavery forces in the U.S. Congress, the leaders of Texas formed an independent republic that lasted until 1845. Austin is the capital and Houston the largest city. Population, 17,059,805.得克萨斯：美国中南部一州，1845年它被接受为第二十八个州。西班牙人于16和17世纪探索此地，该地区于19世纪早期成为墨西哥的一个省，经过二月份在阿拉蒙虽失败但勇敢的奋力抵抗和在圣·杰西托战役(4月21日）中战胜桑塔·阿那军队后，得克萨斯于1836年赢得独立。美国国会反奴隶力量拒绝接受其为一州，得克萨斯的领袖们建立了独立的共和国直到1845年。奥斯汀是其首府，休顿是其最大的城市。人口17,059,805〔Toronto〕The capital and largest city of Ontario, Canada, in the southern part of the province on Lake Ontario. Originally a French trading post, it was founded as York by the British in 1793 and renamed as Toronto in 1834. Toronto is an important Great Lakes port and an industrial center. Population, 599,217.多伦多：加拿大安大略省首府和最大城市，位于该省南部安大略湖边。原本为法国人的商品集散地，1793年英国人建立该城，名为约克，1834年重新被命名为多伦多。多伦多是一个重要的五大湖区的港口和工业中心。人口599,217〔Florida〕A state of the southeast United States bordering on the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. It was admitted as the 27th state in 1845. The peninsula was first discovered by Juan Ponce de León in 1513 and became the center of a Spanish settlement that included the southeast part of the present-day United States. Spain finally ceded the area in 1819. Tallahassee is the capital and Jacksonville the largest city. Population, 13,003,362.佛罗里达：美国东南部一州，濒临大西洋和墨西哥湾。它于1845年被定为第27个州，该半岛于1513年首先由胡安·庞斯·德·来昂发现，并成为包括现在美国东南部的西班牙人拓居地中心，西班牙最终于1819年割让了这一地区。首府塔拉哈西，最大城市杰克逊维尔。人口13,003,362〔Washington〕Abbr. WA,Wash.A state of the northwest United States on the Pacific Ocean. It was admitted as the 42nd state in 1889. Originally explored by Capt. James Cook (1778), Washington was the object of a dispute between England and the United States until 1846, when its northern border was set at the 49th parallel. Washington is noted for its lumber and defense industries. Olympia is the capital and Seattle the largest city. Population, 4,887,941.缩写 WA,Wash.华盛顿州：美国西北部一州，靠近太平洋。它于1889年作为第42个州加入美国。华盛顿州最早由詹姆斯·库克上尉探险发现(1778年），后来它成为英国和美国的争论目标，直到1846年其北部边界定于北纬49度方告终。华盛顿州以木材和国防工业闻名。奥林匹亚为其首府，西雅图为其最大城市。人口4,887,941〔Olomouc〕A city of north-central Czechoslovakia on the Morava River northeast of Brno. Possibly founded as a Roman fortress, it was ceded to Hungary in 1478 and was the capital of Moravia until c. 1640. Population, 105,516.奥洛穆茨：捷克斯洛伐克中北部的一个城市，濒临摩拉瓦河，在布尔诺的东北方。当时可能是作为罗马要塞而建立，于1478年割与匈牙利。在公元1640年以前是作为摩拉维亚的首府。人口105,516〔Providence〕The capital and largest city of Rhode Island, in the northeast part of the state on Narragansett Bay. It was founded by Roger Williams in 1636 as a haven for religious dissenters and became prosperous as a port in the 18th century. Providence was joint capital with Newport until 1900. Population, 160,728.普罗维登斯：美国罗得岛州首府和最大城市，在该州的东北部，临纳拉干西特湾，由罗杰·威廉斯在1636年建立，当时是宗教异议者的避难地，18世纪作为一个港口并十分繁荣，普罗维登斯在1900年以前与纽波特均为该州的联合首府。人口160,728〔Yellowknife〕The capital of Northwest Territories, Canada, on the northern shore of Great Slave Lake. It was founded in 1935 after the discovery of gold and silver deposits in the area and became the provincial capital in 1967. Population, 9,483.耶洛奈夫：加拿大西北地区的首府，位于大奴湖北岸。在发现金银矿后于1935年建立，1967年成为该省首府。人口9,483〔Montpelier〕The capital of Vermont, in the north-central part of the state. Founded in 1780, it became the state capital in 1805. Population, 8,247.蒙彼利埃：佛蒙特州首府，位于该州中北部。建于1780年，1805年成为该州首府。人口8,247〔Yinchuan〕A city of north-central China west-southwest of Beijing. In the 13th century Marco Polo visited the city, which is now the capital of Ningxia Hiuzu province. Population, 200,000.银川：中国中北部一城市，位于北京西南偏西。13世纪马可·波罗曾访问该城，现为宁夏回族自治区首府。人口200,000〔Hartford〕The capital of Connecticut, in the north-central part of the state on the Connecticut River. Settled 1635-1636 by Massachusetts colonists on the site of a Dutch trading post, it became the nucleus of the Connecticut Colony in 1639. From 1701 to 1875 it was joint capital with New Haven. Population, 139,739.哈特福德：美国康涅狄格州首府，位于该州北部中心地带的康涅狄格河畔，该市于1635-1636年间由马萨诸塞殖民者在荷兰人贸易地点建立起来，后于1639年成为康涅狄格殖民地的中心，从1701年到1875年同纽黑文市联合成为该州首府。人口139,739〔Oklahoma〕A state of the south-central United States. It was admitted as the 46th state in 1907. First explored by the Spanish, it was opened to settlement in 1889. The western part was organized in 1890 as the Oklahoma Territory, which was merged with the adjoining Indian Territory to form the present state boundaries. The Dust Bowl of the 1930's forced many farmers to move west as migrant laborers. Oklahoma City is the capital and the largest city. Population, 3,157,604.俄克拉荷马州：美国中南部的一个州。它于1907年被接纳为美国的第46个州。西班牙人首先探察了这一地区，在1889年它对外开放，允许外来人居住。1890年，其西部地区组成俄克拉荷马地区，它与印第安地区合并构成了现在的俄克拉荷马州。20世纪30年代的干旱尘暴迫使许多农民向西迁移成为流动劳工。俄克拉荷马城是其首府和最大的城市。人口3,157,604〔Columbia〕The capital and largest city of South Carolina, in the central part of the state. It was chosen as the site of the new state's capital in 1786. Population, 98,052.哥伦比亚：美国南卡罗来纳州首府和最大城市，位于该州中部，于1786年初被选为新的州首府所在地。人口98,052〔Yunnan〕A province of south-central China bordering on Vietnam, Laos, and Burma. The region was overrun by Mongols in 1253 and became part of China in the 17th century. Kunming is the capital. Population, 34,060,000.云南：中国中南部一省份，与越南、老挝和缅甸接壤。1253年被蒙古人占领，17世纪成为中国的一部分，首府昆明。人口34,060,000〔Saskatchewan〕A province of south-central Canada. It joined the Confederation in 1905. The French established trading posts in the area c. 1750, but the first permanent settlement was made by the Hudson's Bay Company in 1774. The region became part of the Northwest Territories in 1870. Regina is the capital and the largest city. Population, 968,313.萨斯喀彻温省：加拿大中南部一省份，于1905年加入联邦，法国于18世纪50年代在此设立贸易点，但第一个永久居留地却是由休斯敦湾公司于1774年建立的。1870年该区成为西北地区的一部分。里贾纳是本省首府和最大城市。人口968,313〔Ohio〕A state of the north-central United States in the Great Lakes region. It was admitted as the 17th state in 1863. In prehistoric times Mound Builders inhabited the region, which was first explored by La Salle in 1669. The French-British rivalry for control of the area led to the last of the French and Indian Wars (1754-1763), in which the French were defeated. Ohio was part of the vast area ceded to the United States by the Treaty of Paris in 1783 and became part of the Old Northwest by the Ordinance of 1787. It became a separate territory in 1799. Columbus is the capital and Cleveland the largest city. Population, 10,887,325.俄亥俄州：美国中北部，位于五大湖区的州。它于1863年被接收为第十七个州。在史前时代印第安筑墩人曾在此居住。拉·萨尔于1669年首次对该地区进行了探查。英、法两国争相控制这一地区，并最终导致了法国和印第安的战争(1754-1763年）。在这次战争中，法国战败。俄亥俄是在1783年巴黎条约中割让给美国的大片土地中的一部分，并由1787年法令成为旧西北地区的一部分。它在1799年成为独立地区。哥伦布城为其首府，克利夫兰为其最大城市。人口10,887,325〔Tripoli〕A city of northwest Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea north-northeast of Beirut. Probably founded after the seventh centuryb.c. , it was capital of a Phoenician federation and later flourished under the Seleucid and Roman empires. Tripoli was captured by the Arabs in a.d. 638 and taken by the Crusaders in 1109 after a long siege. Population, 198,000. 的黎波里：黎巴嫩西北部的一个城市，临地中海，位于贝鲁特东北偏北方。很可能建于公元前 7世纪以后，曾是腓尼基联邦的首府，后来在塞琉古王朝和罗马帝国的统治下繁荣一时。 公元 638年，的黎波里被阿拉拍人占领，1109年十字军骑士在对它进行了长时间的包围后终于攻占了它。人口198,000 〔Montgomery〕The capital of Alabama, in the southeast-central part of the state south-southeast of Birmingham. Designated the state capital in 1847, the city boomed as a cotton market and port on the Alabama River. From February to May 1861 it served as the first capital of the Confederate States of America. Population, 187,106.蒙哥马利：美国亚拉巴马州首府，位于该州中部偏东南，伯明翰东南偏南部。1847年被定为该州首府。该市作为棉花市场和亚拉巴马河港口而兴旺起来。在1861年2月到5月成为美国联邦州的第一个首府。人口187,106〔Indianapolis〕The capital and largest city of Indiana, in the central part of the state. It was settled in 1820 as the site of a new state capital, which was moved here in 1825. Population, 741,952.印第安纳波利斯：美国印第安纳州的首府，位于该州的中部，是该州最大的城市。1820年，该地被选作该州的新首府而始建，1825年州首府迁至该地。人口741,952〔Boston〕The capital and largest city of Massachusetts, in the eastern part of the state onBoston Bay, an arm of Massachusetts Bay. Founded in the 17th century, it was a leading center of agitation against England in the 18th century and a stronghold of abolitionist thought in the 19th century. Today it is a major commercial, financial, and educational hub. Population, 574,283. 波士顿：美国马萨诸塞州首府和最大城市，位于该州的东部，马萨诸塞湾的一个海湾波士顿湾 上。建于17世纪，是18世纪反对英国暴动的领导中心和19世纪废奴思想的强烈支持者。现在是一个主要的商业、金融和教育中心。人口574,283 〔Xizang〕An autonomous region of China in the southwest part of the country north and west of the Himalaya Mountains. Controlled by China since 1720, it became an autonomous province in 1951 and was formally proclaimed an autonomous region in 1965. Xizang is a center of Buddhism. Lhasa is the capital. Population, 1,990,000.西藏：中国西南地区的一个自治区，位于喜马拉雅山脉北部和西部。1720年起属于中国管辖，1951年成为中国一个自治省，1965年正式宣布成为一个自治区。西藏是一个佛教中心。首府拉萨。人口1,990,000〔Nunavut〕A territory of northern Canada including part of the mainland west of Hudson Bay and north of latitude 60° north, islands in the Hudson Bay, and most of the Arctic Archipelago. Nunavut, which comprises what was formerly the eastern portion of Northwest Territories, is primarily inhabited and controlled by the Inuit. It officially became a new territory of Canada on April 1, 1999. Iqaluit, at the head of Frobisher Bay on Baffin Island, is the capital. Population, 28,159努纳乌特：加拿大北部地区，包括哈得孙湾以西和北纬60度以北的部分大陆、哈得孙湾群岛以及北极群岛大部分。努纳乌特由原西北地区东部组成，因纽特人在此定居并拥有管辖权。1999年4月1日努纳乌特正式成为加拿大的新地区。位于巴芬岛弗罗比歇湾顶端的伊凯鲁特是其首府。人口28,159〔Alberta〕A province of western Canada between British Columbia and Saskatchewan. It joined the confederation in 1905. Wheat and cattle farming were the basis of the province's economy until the discovery of oil and natural gas in the early 1960's. Edmonton is the capital and the largest city. Population, 2,237,724.亚伯达省：加拿大西部一省份，位于不列颠哥伦比亚省和萨斯喀彻温省之间。于1905年加入联邦。在六十年代初发现石油和天然气以前，小麦种植和养牛业为该省经济的主要支柱。埃德蒙顿为该省首府及最大的城市。人口2,237,724〔Jackson〕The capital and largest city of Mississippi, in the west-central part of the state. Originally a small trading post, it was chosen as capital in 1821 and named in honor of Andrew Jackson. Population, 196,637.杰克逊：美国密西西比州的首府和最大城市，位于该州的中西部。原来是一个小商业港口，在1821年被指定为首府，其市名是为了纪念安德鲁·杰克逊。人口196,637〔bayonet〕It is not unusual for a word to come from a place name.Cheddar, from the name of a village in southwest England; hamburger, after Hamburg, Germany; and mayonnaise, possibly from Mahón, the capital of Minorca, are often found together on our tables.The wordbayonet, a very undomestic sort of word, also derives from a place name,that of Bayonne, a town in southwest France where the weapon was first made.The French wordbaïonnette could mean "a dagger or a knife" as well, and the English word bayonet is first found in 1672 with this meaning. The word is first recorded in its present sense in 1704.一个词来源于一个地名并非罕见。Cheddar 来源于英格兰西南部一个村庄的名字； hamburger 是根据德国汉堡而得名； mayonnaise 可能来自米诺卡岛的首府梅霍恩， 这些词常常可以在我们的表里一齐被找到。bayonet， 一个与母语毫无关系的词， 也是来自地名，那就是法国西南城镇巴约讷，在那里首先造出了这种武器。法语词baionnette 可能意味着“短剑或刀”，同样英语的 bayonet 于1672年第一次被发现时也具有这个意思。 在1704年这个词首次以现在的意思被记录下来〔Lansing〕The capital of Michigan, in the south-central part of the state northwest of Detroit. It is an automobile-manufacturing center and became the state capital in 1847. Population, 127,321.兰辛：密歇根州的首府，位于此州的中南部和底特律西北部，它是机动车制作中心，于1849年成为首府。人口127,321〔Iowa〕A state of the north-central United States. It was admitted as the 29th state in 1846. Part of the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, Iowa was organized as a separate territory in 1838. The Mound Builders lived in the area in prehistoric times. Des Moines is the capital and the largest city. Population, 2,787,424.艾奥瓦州；衣阿华州：美国中北部一州。1846年它被接纳为第29个州。它属于1803年路易斯安那购置地的一部分，1838年被组建为一个独立的地区。在史前时期筑墩人居住在这一地区。得梅因是首府亦是最大的城市。人口2,787,424〔Scotland〕A constituent country of the United Kingdom comprising the northern part of the island of Great Britain and the Hebrides, Shetland Islands, and Orkney Islands. Inhabited by Picts in prehistoric times, the region was invaded but never conquered by the Romans and split into a variety of small kingdoms after the fifth centurya.d. . In the ninth century most of Scotland was unified into one kingdom, but conflicts with the English to the south soon erupted, leading to a series of bloody wars. When Mary Queen of Scots's son James VI succeeded to the English throne in 1603, the two kingdoms were united. Scotland became a part of the kingdom of Great Britain by a parliamentary act of 1707. Edinburgh is the capital and Glasgow the largest city. Population, 5,149,500. 苏格兰：英国的一个选区，它包括大不列颠岛北部、赫布里底群岛、设得兰群岛和奥克尼群岛。史前时代皮克特人曾居住在那里，它曾被罗马人侵略过但从来没有被占领，在公元 5世纪后分裂成许多小的王国。到了9世纪，绝大部分苏格兰都被合并成一个国家，但是与英国人在南方的冲突很快就爆发了，从而导致了一系列血腥战争。当苏格兰王子詹姆斯六世的玛丽女王在1603年继承了英国王位后，这两个国家合并了。通过1707的议会法案，苏格兰成为大英帝国的一部分。爱丁堡是其首府，格拉斯哥是最大的城市。人口5,149,500 〔Kansas〕A state of the central United States. It was admitted as the 34th state in 1861. Organized as a territory by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which provided it would be classified as a free or slave state on the basis of popular sovereignty, it became a virtual battleground, known as Bleeding Kansas, for free and slave factions (1854-1859). Kansas was finally admitted as a free state. Topeka is the capital and Wichita the largest city. Population, 2,485,600.堪萨斯州：美国中部一州。1861年被批准为第34个州。通过1854年的堪萨斯内布拉斯加法案，堪萨斯被组织成为一个地区。该法案规定，遵照人民主权论的原则该地区可以成为自由州或蓄奴州。1854年至1859年间该州实质上成为自由派和蓄奴派的战场，被称为血腥的堪萨斯。堪萨斯最终被批准成为自由州。其首府为托皮卡，最大城市为威奇托。人口2,485,600〔Columbus〕The capital of Ohio, in the central part of the state. Laid out in 1812, it is a major industrial, commercial, and cultural center. Population, 632,910.哥伦布：美国俄亥俄州首府，位于俄亥俄州中部，建于1812年，是重要的工业、商业和文化中心。人口632,910〔Victoria〕The capital of Hong Kong, on the northwest coast of Hong Kong Island. It has extensive shipping facilities and is the seat of the University of Hong Kong (established 1911). Population, 1,183,621.维多利亚：香港首府，在香港岛西北的海岸上。它有昂贵的泊船设施，是香港大学(1911年成立）的所在地。人口1,183,621〔Arkansas〕A state of the south-central United States bordered on the east by the Mississippi River. It was admitted as the 25th state in 1836. The region was first explored by members of Hernando de Soto's expedition in 1541 and passed to the United States in 1803 as part of the Louisiana Purchase. Little Rock is the capital and the largest city. Population, 2,362,239.阿肯色州：美国中南部一个州，东面以密西西比河为界。1836年成为第25个州。该地区最早曾由埃尔南多·行索托的探险队成员在1541年勘查过，1803年作为路易斯安那购置地的一部分归为美国。小石城为首府和最大城市。人口2,362,239〔Hamilton〕The capital of Bermuda, on Bermuda Island. Founded in 1790, it is an important tourist resort. Population, 1,676.汉密尔顿：百慕大首府，位于百慕大群岛。建于1790年，是一处重要的旅游圣地。人口1,676〔Castries〕The capital of St. Lucia, in the Windward Islands of the British West Indies. It was founded by the French in 1650. Population, 50,798.卡斯特里：圣卢西亚的首府，位于英属西印度群岛的迎风群岛上。由法国人在1650年创建。人口50,798〔McLean〕A community of northern Virginia, a residential suburb in the Washington, D.C., area. Population, 22,000.麦克林：美国弗吉尼亚州北部社区，为首府华盛顿的一个居住郊区。人口22,000〔Denver〕The capital and largest city of Colorado, in the north-central part of the state on the South Platte River. It was settled by gold prospectors in 1858 and became territorial capital in 1867. Population, 467,610.丹佛：美国科罗拉多州首府和最大的城市，位于该州中北部，邻南普拉特河。它于1858年由淘金者建立，于1867年成为州政府。人口467,610 |
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