| 单词 | 首要 |
| 释义 | 〔ALGOL〕An algebraic computer language for solving primarily mathematical and scientific problems using algorithms.算法语言：一种使用算法来解决首要的数学和科学问题的代数计算机语言〔premier〕First in status or importance; principal or chief:主要的：在地位或重要性上位居第一的；重要的或首要的：〔protagonist〕A leading or principal figure.重要人物：主要或首要的人物〔protoctist〕Greek prōto- [proto-] 希腊语 prōto- [前缀，表“第一”，“首要”] 〔opponent〕Located in front.位于前方的，首要的〔protagonist〕prōto- [proto-] prōto- [前缀，表“最初的，首要的”] 〔central〕Having dominant or controlling power or influence:首要的：在权力或影响上起主导或控制作用的：〔protagonist〕Theprotagonist of a Greek drama was its leading actor, of whom there could be but one in any play.This is an etymological nicety that many modern writers continue to observe when using the word to refer to the main character of a drama or other fiction.Thus when the members of the Usage Panel were asked "How many protagonists are there inOthello ?” the great majority answered "One"and offered substitutes such asantagonist, villain, principal, and deuteragonist to describe Desdemona and Iago. But there is reputable precedent from the 17th century on for usingprotagonist to mean simply "important actor" or "principal party,”with no implication of uniqueness,as inThere are three protagonists in this sluggish novel. Smith and Jones were the protagonists in the struggle over the future of the computer company. Thus, while some writers may prefer to confine the word to a singular sense in their own usage,it is pedantic to insist that the looser use is incorrect. ·The use ofprotagonist to refer to a proponent has become common only in the 20th century and may have been influenced by a misconception that the first syllable of the word represents the prefixpro-, "favoring.” In sentences such asHe was an early protagonist of nuclear power, this use is likely to strike many readers as an errorand can usually be replaced byadvocate or proponent with no loss of sense.希腊戏剧的protagnist 是主角， 且在任何戏剧中仅有一个主角。许多现代作家在用这个词时都注意使它指代戏剧或其他小说的主要人物，因此当用法专题小组成员被问及“在奥赛罗 里有几个主要人物?”时， 大部分人回答“一个”，而且用如antagonist、villain、principal 和 deuteragonist 等词来描述苔丝德蒙娜和雅各。 但是从十七进纪开始，有一个使用protagonist 的规范惯例， 仅表示“重要的演员”或“首要的政党”，而丝毫没有独一无二的暗示，象在句子在这部文风拖沓的小说中有三个人物。 史密斯和琼斯是为计算公司的未来而奋斗的主角中一样。 因此，当某些作家可能在他们自己的用法中偏于把这个词限制在一个简单的含义中时，仍强调自由用法不正确就是卖弄学问的了。用protagonist 来指代建议者或支持者仅在20世纪开始变得常见， 而且被对于代表意为“支持的”前缀pro- 的该词第一个音节的误解所影响。 在句子他是核武力的早期支持者 中， 这种用法可能会使读者认为是个错误，而且常被advocate 或 proponent 所替代， 同时也不会有任何意思的遗漏〔alderman〕The chief officer of a shire in Anglo-Saxon England.郡长：盎格鲁-撒克逊时期英格兰一个郡的首要官员〔big〕a big official; a big chief.首要官员；重要首长〔crown〕The highest, primary, or most valuable part, attribute, or state:最有价值者：最高的、首要的或最有价值的部分、特性或状态：〔primary〕First or highest in rank, quality, or importance; principal.首要的，主要的：在阶层，质量或重要性上处于首要的或最高的；主要的〔deaf〕Some writers have lately introduced a distinction between the lowercase noundeaf, which is used to refer simply to people with extensive hearing disorders, and the capitalized noun Deaf, which refers to the culture and community that has grown up around the use of American Sign Language as a primary means of communication.最近，一些作家提出小写的名词deaf 和大写的名词 Deaf 之间的一个不同点，前者仅用于指全面听力障碍的人；而后者指一种文化和一个团体， 他们通过把美国手势语言作为首要使用的交流方式而逐渐形成的〔value〕"I establish the colors and principal values by organizing the painting into three values—dark, medium . . . and light"(Joe Hing Lowe)“我通过在作品上安排三种明暗关系——暗、过度…以及明亮的办法建立了色彩和首要的明暗关系”(乔·欣·洛)〔alcalde〕The mayor or chief judicial official of a Spanish town.市长，执法官：西班牙城镇的市长或首要司法官员〔Brooke〕British field marshal. During World War II he was Winston Churchill's principal strategic adviser.布鲁克，阿朗·弗兰西斯：(1883-1963) 英国陆军元帅。第二次世界大战期间任温斯顿·邱吉尔的首要战略顾问〔prefect〕A high administrative official or chief officer, as:长官：高级行政官员或首要军官，如：〔blond〕It is usual in English to treatblond as if it required gender marking, as in French, spelling itblonde when referring to women and blond elsewhere. But this practice is in fact a relatively recent innovation,and some have suggested that it has sexist implicationsand that the formblond should be used for both sexes. There is certainly a measure of justice to the claim that the two forms are not used symmetrically.Since English does not normally mark adjectives according to the gender of the nouns they modify,it is natural to interpret the final-e as expressing some additional meaning, perhaps because it implies that hair color provides a primary category of classification for women but not men.This association of hair color and a particular perception of feminine identity is suggested in phrasessuch asdumb blonde and Is it true blondes have more fun? or in Susan Brownmiller's depiction of Hollywood's "pantheon of celebrated blondes who have fed the fantasies of men and fueled the aspirations of women.” The corresponding masculine formblond, by contrast, is not ordinarily used to refer to men in contexts in which hair color is not specifically at issue; there is something arch in a reference toLeslie Howard, Robert Redford, and other celebrated blonds. See Usage Note at brunette 在英语中，通常在使用blond 时似乎认为这个词需要性别标志。 正如在法语中，指女性时拼作blonde ，指其他时拼作 blond 。 但这实际上是较新的一种用法，一些人就曾认为这个词本身就带有性别的含义，而且blond 可同时用于两种性别。 两种形式并没有相应地使用的说法是有几分道理。因为英语中通常并不根据形容词修饰的名词的性而加以标明，很自然地就词尾的-e 看作附加的意思的表示， 这也许是由于它暗示头发的颜色是女性而不是男性提供了一个鉴别的首要类型。这种把头发颜色和女性鉴别的特殊方法联系在一起的作法，在如下的一些句子中有所体现，dump blonde（愚蠢的女人） 和 Is it true blondes have more fun?（金发女人真的更有情趣吗?） 或苏珊·布朗米勒的《好莱坞》中的描写的 "pantheon of celebrated blondes who have fed the fantasies of men and fueled the aspirations of women"（一些曾满足男人的幻想和勾起女人的野心的显赫女明星）。 不同的是相对应的男性的强调形式blond, 在行文中没有特别头发颜色的情况下通常并不专指男性； 如这句说法有调侃的意味的例句Leslie Howard, Robert Redford, and other celebrated blonds（莱斯利·霍华德，罗伯特·莱德佛拉和其他著名的金发明星中） 参见 brunette〔prefect〕A chief administrative official of a department of France.法国政府部门的首要行政官员〔first〕The one coming, occurring, or ranking before or above all others.首要：在到来、发生或排衔上比其它居先的〔protocol〕Greek prōto- [proto-] 希腊语 prōto- [前缀，表“最初的，首要的”] 〔principal〕The person having prime responsibility for an obligation as distinguished from one who acts as surety or as an endorser.当事人：对某一义务负首要责任的人，区别于担保人或背书转让人〔save〕"To reclaim me from this course of life was the sole cause of his journey to London" (Henry Fielding). “他伦敦之行的首要目的是使我改过自新” （亨利·费尔丁）。 〔prime〕First in degree or rank; chief.See Synonyms at chief 主要的，首要的：程度或职位最高的；首要的 参见 chief〔auteurism〕Belief in the primary creative importance of the director in filmmaking, often combined with a critical advocacy of the works of certain strong, distinctive directors. Also called auteur theory 导演主创论：电影评论中的一种理论，认为导演是电影制作中首要的创作者，好的作品必须有擅长而独特的导演 也作 auteur theory〔Bridgeport〕A city of southwest Connecticut on Long Island Sound southwest of New Haven. Settled in 1639, it grew as a fishing community and is today the leading industrial center of the state. Population, 141,686.布里奇波特：美国康涅狄格州西南部一城市，位于纽黑文西南长岛海峡上。建于1639年，当时作为渔业区兴起，如今已成为该州的首要的工业中心。人口141,686〔principal〕A main participant in a situation.首要参与者：某一形势中的主要参加者〔basal〕Of primary importance; basic.首要的；基本的〔great〕Chief or principal:主要的，首要的：〔first〕Before or above all others in time, order, rank, or importance:第一地，首要地：在时间、秩序、地位或重要性上比其他人（或物）居前或在上的：〔principal〕As an adjectiveit has the sense of "chief" or "leading.”作为形容词，它有“主要的”或“首要的”的意思〔overriding〕First in priority; more important than all others:压倒一切的，首要的：首要的；比其它一切更重要的：〔alderman〕ealdor [elder, chief] from eald [old] * see al- 2ealdor [年长的，首要的] 源自 eald [老的] * 参见 al- 2〔victory〕"Conquest of illiteracy comes first" (John Kenneth Galbraith). “消灭文盲是首要的” （约翰·科尼斯·卡布瑞斯）。〔dominate〕To enjoy a commanding, controlling position in:占支配地位：在…中占首要、支配地位：〔keynote〕A prime underlying element or theme:要旨、基调：首要的根本的成分或主题：〔principal〕First, highest, or foremost in importance, rank, worth, or degree; chief.See Synonyms at chief 重要的，首要的：重要性，地位，价值或程度上处于首要的，最高的或最重要的 参见 chief〔premiere〕First or paramount; premier.首要的，至上的：第一位的或最重要的；首要的〔warden〕The chief executive of a borough in certain states.镇长：某些特定的州的自治村镇的首要行政官员〔provost〕The chief magistrate of certain Scottish cities.市长：某些苏格兰城市的首要行政长官 |
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