| 单词 | 首都 |
| 释义 | 〔Athens〕The capital and largest city of Greece, in the eastern part of the country near the Saronic Gulf. It was at the height of its cultural achievements and imperial power in the fifth centuryb.c. during the time of Pericles. Athens became the capital of modern Greece in 1834, two years after the country achieved its independence from Turkey. Population, 885,737. 雅典：希腊的首都及最大城市，位于该国东部，萨罗尼克湾附近。公元前 5世纪伯里克利时代，文化成就和国势达到巅峰状态。雅典在1834年成为现代希腊的首都，两年后希腊摆脱土耳其独立。人口885,737 〔Bujumbura〕The capital and largest city of Burundi, in the western part of the country on Lake Tanganyika. Originally called Usumbura, it was renamed when Burundi became independent in 1962. Population, 229,980.布琼布拉：布隆迪首都及其最大城市，位于该国的西部，坦噶尼喀湖岩边。最初叫作乌苏布拉，1962年布隆迪独立后重新命名。人口229,980〔Umayyad〕The first dynasty of Arab caliphs (661-750). Its capital was Damascus.伍麦耶王朝：阿拉伯哈里发的第一个王朝(661年-750年）。其首都为大马士革〔Male〕The capital of the Maldives, onMale, the chief atoll of the island country. Population, 46,334. 马累：马尔代夫首都，位于这个岛国的主环礁岛马累 上。人口46,334 〔Kutaisi〕A city of southern European U.S.S.R. west-northwest of Tbilisi. The capital of ancient Colchis in the eighth century, it was taken by the Russians after 1773. Population, 214,000.库塔伊西：苏联南欧部分一城市，位于第比利斯西北偏西，是8世纪古科尔齐斯的首都，1773年以后，被俄罗斯占据。人口214,000〔Santiago〕The capital and largest city of Chile, in the central part of the country east-southeast of Valparaiso. On a plain in the foothills of the Andes, it was founded in 1541. Population, 425,924.圣地亚哥：智利首都和最大城市，位于该国中部地带，瓦尔帕莱索的东南偏东方。它建于1541年，位于安迪斯山脉山脚处一块平原上。人口425,924〔Mbabane〕The capital of Swaziland, in the northwest part of the country. It is a commercial center for an agricultural region. Population, 33,000.姆巴巴纳：斯威士兰首都，位于该国的西北部。是农业区的商业中心。人口33,000〔Constantine〕A city of northeast Algeria east of Algiers. It was founded by Carthaginians and was the capital and commercial center of Numidia. Destroyed in warfare ina.d. 311, it was rebuilt by Constantine I and named in his honor. Population, 344,454. 君士坦丁：阿尔及利亚东北部一城市，位于阿尔及尔以东，为迦太基所建，曾是努比亚国的首都和商业中心，公元 311年毁于战争，后被君士坦丁一世重建，为纪念他而以他的名字命名。人口344,454 〔Katmandu〕The capital and largest city of Nepal, in the central part of the country in the eastern Himalaya Mountains. It was founded c. 723 and was a Gurkha capital from 1768 until the late 18th century. Population, 235,160.加德满都：尼泊尔首都和最大城市，在尼泊尔中部，喜马拉雅山东端。公元723年建成，从1768年到18世纪后期是廓尔喀人的首都。人口235,160〔Patna〕A city of northeast India on the Ganges River northwest of Calcutta. It served as Asoka's capital in the 3rd centuryb.c. and as a Mogul viceregal capital in the 16th century. Population, 776,371. 巴特那：印度东北部恒河沿岸一城市，位于加尔各答西北部。在公元前 3世纪为阿育王朝的首都，16世纪为莫卧儿总都府，人口776,371 〔Apia〕The capital of Western Samoa, on the northern coast of Upolo island in the southern Pacific Ocean. Population, 33,170.阿皮亚：西萨摩亚首都，位于南太平洋乌波卢岛北海岸。人口33,170〔Cracow〕A city of southern Poland on the Vistula River south-southeast of Warsaw. Founded in the eighth centurya.d. , it was the national capital from 1305 to 1595. Population, 740,300. 克拉科：波兰南部的一个城市，位于华沙东南偏南部，维斯杜拉河沿岸。它建于公元 8世纪，在1305年到1595年期间为该国的首都。人口740,300 〔Papeete〕The capital of the overseas territory of French Polynesia, a port on the northwest coast of Tahiti in the Society Islands of the southern Pacific Ocean. It is a commercial and tourist center. Population, 23,496.帕皮提：法属波利尼西亚海的领地的首都，南太平洋社会群岛塔希提岛西北海岸的一个港口。是商业和旅游中心。人口23,496〔Lille〕A city of northern France north-northeast of Paris near the Belgian border. Founded c. 1030, it was the medieval capital of Flanders and is now a commercial, cultural, and manufacturing center. Population, 168,424.里尔：法国北部城市，位于比利时边界附近巴黎东北偏北部。建于1030年，是佛兰德领地中世纪的首都，现今是商业、文化及制造业中心。人口168,424〔Muscat〕The capital of Oman, in the northern part of the country on the Gulf of Oman. Held by Portugal from 1508 to 1648, it became the capital of Oman in 1741. Population, 30,000.马斯喀特：阿曼首都，位于阿曼北部临阿曼湾。1508至1648年被葡萄牙占领，1741年成为阿曼首都。人口30,000〔Toledo〕also [tô-lĕ"Yô] A city of central Spain near the Tagus River south-southwest of Madrid. It fell to the Romans in 193b.c. and was later the capital of the Visigoth kingdom (534-712). As a Moorish capital (712-1031) it was a center of Arab and Hebrew learning. Population, 57,778. 也作 [tô-lĕ"Yô] 托莱多：西班牙中部临塔哥斯河的一座城市，位于马德里西南偏南。公元前 193年陷落到罗马人手中，后来成为西哥特王国的首都(534-712年）。作为摩尔人的首都(712-1031年），它是阿拉伯和伯莱学术的中心。人口57,778 〔Pella〕An ancient city of Greek Macedonia. It was the capital of Macedonia from the fourth century to 168b.c. , when the territory was conquered by the Romans. 培拉：古希腊马其顿一古城，它从4世纪至公元前 168年被罗马人征服为止一直是马其顿王国的首都 〔Lisbon〕The capital and largest city of Portugal, in the western part of the country on the Tagus River estuary. An ancient Iberian settlement, it was held by the Phoenicians and Carthaginians, taken by the Romans in 205b.c. , and conquered by the Moors c. a.d. 714. Reconquered by the Portuguese in 1147, it flourished in the 16th century during the heyday of colonial expansion in Africa and India. The city was devastated by a major earthquake in 1755. Population, 807,167. 里斯本：葡萄牙首都和最大的城市。位于太加斯河湾区域的西部。它是一个古老的伊比利亚人定居点，曾被腓尼基人和迦太基人占有。公元前 205年被罗马人占领，并于 公元 714年被摩尔人征服，1147年葡萄牙人重新征服该城。在16世纪向非洲和印度的殖民扩张的全盛时期最为繁荣，在1755年一场大地震中被夷为平地。人口807,167 〔seat〕A center of authority; a capital:首府：权力中心；首都：〔Djibouti〕The capital and largest city of Djibouti, in the southeast part of the country on an inlet of the Gulf of Aden. It was founded by the French in 1888. Population, 120,000.吉布提市：吉布提最大的城市和首都，位于该国东南部的亚丁湾入口处，1888年由法国人建城。人口120,000〔Georgetown〕Also George Town The capital of the Cayman Islands, on Grand Cayman in the West Indies west of Jamaica. It is an international banking center. Population, 7,617. 也作 George Town 乔治敦：开曼群岛国的首都，在西印度群岛中牙买加西面的大加曼岛上。它是一个国际性的金融中心。人口7,617〔Kingstown〕The capital of St. Vincent and the Grenadines in the West Indies, on the southwest coast of St. Vincent Island. A botanic garden, the oldest of its kind in the Western Hemisphere, was established here in 1763. Population, 18,378.金斯敦：西印度中群岛中圣文森特和格林纳丁斯首都，位于圣文森特岛的西南海岸。西半球最古老的植物园1763年在这里建成。人口18,378〔Malabo〕The capital and largest city of Equatorial Guinea, on Bioko in the Gulf of Guinea. It was founded by the British in 1827. Population, 30,710.马拉博，圣伊莎贝拉：赤道几内亚的首都和最大城市，位于几内亚湾的比奥科。1827年由英国人建城。人口30,710〔Sokhumi〕A city of western Georgia on the Black Sea west-northwest of Tbilisi. The administrative capital of the republic of Abkhazia, it was the center of a secessionist movement in the 1990s. Population, 110,300苏库密：格鲁吉亚西部一城市，位于第比利斯西北偏西的黑海之滨。是阿伯卡茨共和国的行政首都，20世纪90年代的分离主义运动中心 。人口110,300〔Bonn〕The former capital of West Germany, in the western part of the country on the Rhine River. It was founded as a Roman garrison in the first centurya.d. and since 1990 has been the seat of the reunified German government. Population, 291,291. 波恩：西德的前首都，在该国西部的莱茵河畔。公元 1世纪作为罗马的卫城被建立，自1990年起成为重新统一后的德国政府所在地。人口291,291 〔Turku〕A city of southwest Finland on the Baltic Sea west of Helsinki. Settled in the early 13th century, it was the capital of Finland until 1812. Population, 162,282.土尔库：芬兰西南一城市，临波罗的海，位于赫尔辛基以西。建立于13世纪早期，在1812年以前一直是芬兰的首都。人口162,282〔Roskilde〕A city of eastern Denmark on Sjaelland Island west of Copenhagen. It was the capital of Denmark from the tenth century until 1443. Population, 49,110.罗斯基勒：丹麦东部一城市，位于哥本哈根以西的西兰岛上。该市从10世纪至1443年是丹麦首都。人口49,110〔Cairo〕[kīʹrō] The capital and largest city of Egypt, in the northeastern part of the country on the Nile River. Old Cairo was built c. 642 as a military camp; the new city was founded c. 968 by the Fatimid dynasty and reached its greatest prosperity under the Mameluke sultans (13th-16th century). Population, 6,205,000.[kīʹrō] 开罗：埃及的首都和最大的城市，位于这个国家东北部的尼罗河边。古开罗是作为军事基地于公元642年建立的；新兴的开罗由法蒂玛王朝于公元968年建立，并在曼姆努克·苏丹统治期（13世纪到16世纪）达到其繁荣的顶峰。人口6,205,000〔Samarkand〕A city of southern Central Asian U.S.S.R. southwest of Tashkent. Dating from the third or fourth millenniumb.c. , the city was conquered by Alexander the Great in 329, taken by the Arabs in the eighth century a.d. , and destroyed by Genghis Khan c. 1220. It was rebuilt as a fabled center of great splendor and opulence when it became (c. 1370) the capital of Tamerlane's empire. Population, 371,000. 撒马尔罕：前苏联中亚地区的城市，位于塔什干西南部。始于公元前 三千年或四千年，329年被亚历山大大帝征服， 公元 8世纪被阿拉伯人夺走，13世纪20年代被成吉思汗摧毁。在14世纪70年代成为塔玛莱恩首都，并成为传说中威严华丽的中心区。人口371,000 〔Barbados〕A country occupying the easternmost island of the West Indies. Probably first visited by the Portuguese, who named it Los Barbados ("the bearded") for its numerous bearded fig trees, the island gained its independence from Great Britain in 1966. Bridgetown is the capital and the largest city. Population, 248,983.巴巴多斯：占据西印度群岛最东端岛屿的一个国家。可能最先被葡萄牙人占领，并命名为洛斯巴巴多斯（意为“芒须国”），因为那里大量的无花果树上都带芒刺。该岛于1966年从英国手中获得独立。布里奇顿为首都和最大城市。人口248,983〔Genseric〕King of the Vandals (428-477) who invaded Africa from Spain (429), captured Carthage and made it his capital (439), and sacked Rome (455).亨塞里奥：汪达尔帝国（428-477年）的国王，他从西班牙入侵非洲，占领了迦太基并把它作为首都（439年），后来劫掠了罗马（455年）〔Bratislava〕A city of southern Czechoslovakia on the Danube River near the Austrian and Hungarian borders. It was the capital of Hungary from 1541 to 1784. Population, 409,100.布拉迪斯拉瓦：捷克斯洛伐克南部城市，位于奥地利和匈牙利边界附近多瑙河畔。1541至1784年间曾是匈牙利首都。人口409,100〔Aksum〕A town of northern Ethiopia. From the first to the eighth centurya.d. it was the capital of an empire that controlled much of northern Ethiopia. According to tradition, the Ark of the Covenant was brought here from Jerusalem and placed in the Church of Saint Mary of Zion, where the rulers of Ethiopia were crowned. 阿克苏姆：埃塞俄比亚北部一城镇。公元 1世纪到8世纪，该城是控制埃塞俄比亚北部大部地区的帝国首都。据传说，约柜被从耶路撒冷带到此地后放到锡安山的圣玛丽教堂，在那里埃塞俄比亚的统治者被加冕 〔Windhoek〕The capital of Namibia, in the central part of the country. Originally the headquarters of a Nama leader, it was occupied by German forces in 1885. Population, 88,700.温得和克：纳米比亚首都，位于这个国家的中部。最初是纳马族一个首领的大本营，1885年被德国军队占领。人口88,700〔Dominica〕An island country of the eastern Caribbean between Guadeloupe and Martinique. Discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1493, the island became a British colony in the early 1800's and gained its independence in 1978. Roseau is the capital. Population, 77,000.多米尼加：位于瓜德罗普岛和马提尼克岛之间的加勒比海东部岛国，1493年为哥伦布发现，19世纪早期成为英国殖民地，1978年获得独立。首都罗索。人口77,000〔Manila〕The capital and largest city of the Philippines, on southwest Luzon Island andManila Bay, an inlet of the South China Sea. Founded in 1571, the city was controlled by Spain until it was seized by U.S. troops in 1898 during the Spanish-American War. It was held by the Japanese from 1942 to 1945 during World War II. Population, 1,630,485. 马尼拉：菲律宾的首都和最大城市，位于吕宋岛和南中国海的一个海湾马尼拉湾 的西南部。1571年建城，一直由西班牙控制。1898年在美西战争中被美国军队夺占。 二战期间从1942至1945年，日本人占领这座城市。人口1,630,485 〔Accra〕The capital and largest city of Ghana, in the southeast part of the country on the Gulf of Guinea. Originally the capital of an ancient Ga kingdom, it became an important economic center after the completion in 1923 of a railroad to the mining and agricultural hinterland. Population, 859,640.阿克拉：加纳的首都和最大城市。 位于几内亚湾该国的东南部。原为古代加纳王国的首都。1923年建成一条通往内陆采矿和农业地区的铁路，后成为一重要的经济中心。人口859,640〔Basseterre〕The capital of St. Christopher-Nevis, on St. Christopher Island in the Leeward Islands of the West Indies. Population, 14,725.巴斯特尔：圣克里斯多佛-尼维斯的首都，位于西印度群岛中背风群岛的圣克里斯托弗岛上。人口14,725〔Copenhagen〕The capital and largest city of Denmark, in the extreme eastern part of the country on the eastern coast of Sjaelland. It was a trading and fishing center by the 11th century and became the capital in 1443. Population, 482,937.哥本哈根：丹麦首都及最大城市，位于这个国家的最东端，西兰岛东海岸，在11世纪时是一个贸易和渔业中心，1443年成为首都。人口482,937〔Pyongyang〕The capital and largest city of North Korea, in the southwest-central part of the country. It was an important cultural center and became capital of North Korea in 1948. Population, 1,283,000.平壤：朝鲜的首都和最大城市，位于该国的中部偏西南，它是一个重要的文化中心并于1948年成为朝鲜的首都。人口1,283,000 |
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