| 单词 | 马克思主义 |
| 释义 | 〔Plekhanov〕Russian revolutionary and political philosopher. The founder of the Marxist movement in Russia, he was also a leading Menshevik.普列汉诺夫，格鲁吉·瓦伦蒂诺维奇：(1857-1918) 俄罗斯革命和政治哲学家，作为俄罗斯马克思主义的创始人，他也是一名主要的孟什维克党员〔Hook〕American philosopher known for his studies of Marxism, especiallyTowards an Understanding of Karl Marx: A Revolutionary Interpretation (1933). 胡克，锡德尼：(1902-1989) 美国哲学家，以其对马克思主义的研究而闻名，尤其是《对于卡尔·马克思的理解：一个革命性的阐释》 （1933年） 〔Marxism〕The political and economic ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, specifically a system of thought in which the concept of class struggle plays a primary role in analyzing Western society in general and in understanding its allegedly inevitable development from bourgeois oppression under capitalism to a socialist society and thence to Communism.马克思主义：卡尔·马克思和佛雷德里奇·恩格斯的政治、经济理论，尤指其思想体系。该思想体系中，阶级斗争观念对于西方社会的总体分析以及资本主义阶级压迫、资产阶级最终由社会主义社会所代替并最终到达共产主义的分析上起着重要的作用〔Guesde〕French journalist and socialist who organized the Marxist branch of the French labor movement (1879).盖德，朱尔斯：(1845-1922) 法国记者及社会主义者，组织了法国劳工运动（1879年）中的一支马克思主义〔revisionism〕A recurrent tendency within the Communist movement to revise Marxist theory in such a way as to provide justification for a retreat from the revolutionary to the reformist position.修正主义：在共产主义运动中重复出现的倾向，目的在以这样一种方式修正马克思主义，即为从革命状况向改良状况回退提供理由〔Marxian〕One that studies, advocates, or makes use of Karl Marx's philosophical or socioeconomic concepts as a method of analysis and interpretation, as in political economy or historical or literary criticism.马克思主义者，马克思主义追随者：研究、推广马克思主义或在政治经济学、历史或文艺批评等领域利用马克思的哲学或社会经济学概念进行分析或阐释的人〔Berdyaev〕Russian philosopher whose spiritual ideals undercut his Marxist leanings and led to his expulsion from the Soviet Union (1922). His works includeThe Spiritual Crisis of the Intelligentsia (1910). 别尔佳耶夫，尼科莱·亚历山德罗维奇：(1874-1948) 俄国哲学家，其精神理想与马克思主义学说抵触，从而导致其被驱逐出苏联（1922年），著作有《知识分子的精神危机》 （1910年） 〔orientation〕a Marxist orientation.马克思主义倾向 |
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