| 单词 | 鬼怪 |
| 释义 | 〔spectral〕Of or resembling a specter; ghostly.鬼怪的或鬼怪似的；幽灵似的〔sprite〕A small or elusive supernatural being; an elf or a pixy.小妖精：小的或隐秘的超自然存在物；鬼怪或幽灵〔bogeyman〕A terrifying specter; a hobgoblin.骇人的东西；鬼怪〔shade〕A disembodied spirit; a ghost.幽灵：虚幻的精灵；鬼怪〔snollygoster〕Middle High German geist [spirit] from Old High German 中古高地德语 geist [幽灵，鬼怪] 源自 古高地德语 〔larva〕The wordlarva referring to the newly hatched form of insects before they undergo metamorphosis comes from the Latin wordlārva, meaning "evil spirit, demon, devil.”To understand why this should be so,we need to know that the Latin word also was used for a terrifying mask,and it is this sense of the word that has come down to us.In Medieval Latinlarva could mean "mask or visor.” Larva is therefore an appropriate term for that stage of an insect's life during which its final form was still hidden or masked, and New Latinlārva was thus applied by Carolus Linnaeus, the Swedish botanist who originated our system of classifying plants and animals.The wordlarva is first recorded in English in its scientific sense in 1768, although it had been used in its "spirit" sense in 1651 and in a way that foreshadowed the usage by Linnaeus in 1691. larva 一词指昆虫在变形前刚孵化出来的幼虫， 来源于拉丁词larva ， 意为“邪恶的精灵，鬼怪，恶魔”。为了了解为什么，我们需要知道这个拉丁词语还用于指一种令人恐惧的面具，而且正是该词的这一层含义流传了下来。在中世纪的拉丁语中，larva 有“面具或面甲”的意思。 Larva 在形容昆虫成熟之前被隐藏或遮盖的这一段时期的时候，成为一个适合的名称， 这样新拉丁语的larva 一词首先由瑞典植物学家卡罗拉斯里纽斯赋予以上含义， 卡罗拉斯是首创动植物分类系统的第一人。虽然larva 一词在1651年曾经以其“精灵”一层意思被使用并在一定程度上预示了于1691年出现的里纽斯的用法，但是于1768年才以科学术语的形式首先在英语中出现的 〔facture〕"the gummy surfaces, spectral smudges and woozy contours that . . . appear in counterpoint to the clear, bright facture that had heretofore been[the artist's] hallmark" (Robert Shorr)“涂有树胶的表面，如鬼怪妖魔般的污迹及模糊的轮廓...与清楚、明亮的制作方呈现强烈的对比，这一直到现在都是[某位艺术家] 的特色” (罗伯特·萧尔)〔succubus〕An evil spirit; a demon.妖魔，鬼怪邪恶的精灵〔invocate〕To invoke.乞零；召鬼：祈求（神等）保佑；用咒语招唤鬼怪〔hobgoblin〕An ugly, mischievous elf or goblin.淘气的妖精：丑陋而又顽皮的鬼怪或精灵〔barghest〕A goblin in English folklore, often appearing in the shape of a large dog and believed to portend imminent death or misfortune.猛犬山妖：英国民间传说中的鬼怪，常以一只大狗的形象出现并被相信可预告临近的死亡或不幸〔lemures〕The spirits of the dead considered in ancient Rome as frightening specters and often exorcised from the homes in religious rituals.勒穆瑞斯：在古代罗马，死者的幽灵被认为是令人恐惧的鬼怪，而且常常要通过宗教仪式将它们从家中驱除出去〔phantom〕Something apparently seen, heard, or sensed, but having no physical reality; a ghost or an apparition.幻影；幽灵：可以明显地看到、听到或感觉到的，但没有物质实体；鬼怪或幽灵 |
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